The structural characteristics of dietary fibers from Tremella fuciformis and their hypolipidemic effects in mice

In this study,Tremella fuciformis residues as raw material,dietary fibers from tremella were prepared by multiple enzymes.The structure of dietary fibers from tremella was studied by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).We analyzed their lipidlowering properties in vitro(water holding,oil holding swelling cholesterol and sodium cholate binding capacitises)and the hypolipidemic effects in mice.The results showed that tremella dietary fibers presented the infrared absorption spectrum characteristics of polysaccharides and the characteristic diffraction peaks of cellulose type I.SEM results indicated that the surface of insoluble dietary fiber(IDF)was porous,while the soluble dietary fiber(SDF)was relatively compact and spongy.IDF exhibited significantly higher water holding,oil holding,and swelling binding capacities than the corresponding SDF.However,SDF exhibited significantly higher viscosity than IDF.The results showed tremella dietary fibers were significant in swelling,water holding and oil holding,cholesterol and bile acids.In vivo experiment results in mice indicated that SDF has the best effect on hyperlipidemia mice than IDF and total dietary fiber(TDF).SDF showed that the total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)contents dropped by 28.33%,18.65%,and 48.97%,respectively,while high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)content increased by 43.80%.Compared with the high-fat control(HCM)group,the arteriosclerosis index(AI)and liver index(LI)of the SDF group mice showed significant differences,indicating that SDF has a good auxiliary effect of lowering blood lipids.The administration of tremella fibers improved the lipid metabolism disorderly situation of hyperlipidemia mice.These results provide a reference for further research and rational development of T.fuciformis.

Hypolipidemic and Antioxidative Effects of African Star Apple Juice (Chrysophylum albidum) on Rats Fed on Diets High in Cholesterol and Oil

This study investigated the possible hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of Chrysophylum albidum juice in rats fed on highcholesterol and fatty diets (HFCD). The juice was expressed, pasteurized and frozen until needed. Diets were formulated by mixing at different ratios. Bio-assay of the blends was carried out for a period of 28 days. Twenty five male rats were divided into five groups of five each: a normal diet group, a high-cholesterol diet group, a high Fat/Cholesterol diet with 3 ml of African Star Apple Juice group, a high Fat/Cholesterol diet with 6 ml of African Star Apple Juice group, and a high Fat/Cholesterol diet with 9 ml of African Star Apple Juice group. Blood serum, selected tissues and organs were collected and the serum lipid profile, organ histology and oxidative stress test were carried out at the end of the animal experimentation. The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and artherogenic index obtained from rats treated with African star apple juice (3 ml, 6 ml and 9 ml) decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), compared respectively to the HFCD rats. The results also showed that treatment with African star apple (Chrysophylum albidum) positively changed plasma antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid profiles in cholesterol-fed rats, and thus may have potential hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects, and by inference, the antiatherogenic properties in male rats. African star apple (Chrysophylum albidum) juice could protect against oxidative stress linked atherosclerosis and decrease the atherogenic index, thereby supporting the local use of Chrysophylum albidum in the management of atherosclerosis and hypertensive conditions.

Comparison of Hypolipidemic Effect of Refined Konjac Meal With Several Common Dietary Fibers and Their Mechanisms of Action

The effects of RKM in comparison with pectin, algin and agar on lipid levels in serum and liver and on liver histopathology in rats were studied. In addition, the effects of all the tested materials on the composition and output of fecal bile acid were observed. All four kinds of dietary fiber were given at a level of 5% of diet to young male rats of Wistar strain fed on a lipid-rich diet contalning 5 % lard, 1% cholesteral and 0. 25 % cholate. All the dietary fibers tested have similar effects on serum lipid composition. In all groups, these substances prevent ed increases in total cholesterol in fasting serum, but the level of triglyceride was tmchangd.The concentrations of totaI cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were lower in the RKM group than in the control group and the other three groups. Hepatic histopathological exami nation also showed the most significant lipotropic effect in the RKM group. The daily output of fecal bile acids (CDCA+GDCA) was significantly increased in the four experimental groups than in the normal group and the control group. The increase of CDCA was more significant than GDCA, suggesting that the increase of fecal bile acids, especially CDCA, may be one of the mechanisms by which RKM and the other three dietary fibers exerts a hypocholesterolemic effect

Comparative study between the effect of <i>Momordica charantia</i>(wild and hybrid variety) on hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of alloxan induced type 2 diabetic long-evans rats

This study was undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of Momordica charantia (wild and hybrid variety) powder on alloxan induced type 2 diabetic male Long-Evans rats. Oral feeding of the M. charantia powder slightly decreased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and LDL-cholesterol compared with wild, hybrid and standard drug. M. charantia wild variety showed more significant (p M. charantia did not show any significant effect on HDL-cholesterol and liver glycogen. Thus, results of the study prove that the wild variety of M. charantia fruit have potent antidiabetic and antilipidemic property.

A Study on Hypolipidemic Effect of Hawthorn Flavonoids Extract

[Objectives] To research the hypolipidemic effect of hawthorn flavonoids extract. [Methods] The hawthorn flavonoids were extracted by percolation method. The SD rats were used for the experiment,and after the formation of high blood lipids in rats,the low,middle and high doses of hawthorn flavonoids extracts were used for intragastric administration. After 30 d,the changes of blood lipid in rats were detected. [Results] Hawthorn flavonoids significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL,and adjusted triglycerides and HDL in the blood of SD rats. [Conclusions] Hawthorn flavonoids extract had significant hypolipidemic effect.

Modulating Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Lipids and Glucose Metabolism and Expression of Hepatic Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-α in Golden Hamsters Fed on High Fat Diet

Objective To examine the effects of chlorogenic acid （CGA） on lipid and glucose metabolism under a high dietary fat burden and to explore the possible role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α （PPAR-α） in these effects. Methods Twenty male golden hamsters were randomly divided into CGA treatment group （n=10, given peritoneal injection of CGA solution prepared with PBS, 80 mg CGA/kg body weight daily）, and control group （n=10, given PBS i.p. at the average volume of the treatment group）. Animals in both groups were given 15% high fat diet. Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the level of biochemical parameters in fasting serum and tissues and the expression of hepatic mRNA and protein PPAR-α were determined. Results Eight weeks after treatment with CGA, the levels of fasting serum triglyceride （TG）, free fatty acid （FFA）, total cholesterol （TC）, low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, glucose （FSG）, and insulin （FSI） were significantly lower in the GGA treatment group than in the control group. CGA also led to higher activity of hepatic lipase （HL） lower contents of TG and FFA in liver, and lower activity of lipoprotein lipase （LPL） in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, CGA significantly elevated significantly elevated the expression level of mRNA and protein expression in hepatic PPAR-α. Conclusion CGA can modify lipids and glucose metabolism, which may be attributed to PPAR-α facilitated lipid clearance in liver and improved insulin sensitivity.

Effects of resistant starchⅢon the serum lipids levels and gut microbiota of Kunming mice under high-fat diet

Resistant starch III(RS3),as a prebiotic,provides health benefits.This study aimed to investigate the role of RS3 in lowering serum lipids and regulating gut microbiota by administering Novelose 330 to Kunming(KM)mice.The results demonstrated that RS3 intervention significantly decreased body weight,food intake,levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and liver fat.RS3 could remarkably improve the quality of the entire cecum,quality of the cecal wall,and wall surface area of mice;enhance the moisture content;and reduce the p H value.Moreover,the decrease in the liver TC content and the increase in the fecal TC content were related to RS3 intervention.The concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in the colon and individual levels of acetate,propionate,and butyrate increased with RS3 supplementation.An Illumina-based sequencing approach showed that RS3 notably increased the Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio in the mice fed a high-fat diet.At the genus level,the relative abundance of Bacteroides,Ruminococcus,and Bifidobacterium and the number of main SCFA producers increased in the mice fed an RS3 diet.These findings provided insights into specific gut microbiota shifts to the hypolipidemic effect of RS3.

Effects of Different Processed Products of Ilex hainanensis Merr on Rats with Hyperlipidemia

[Objectives] This study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic effects of different processed products of Ilex hainanensis Merr to provide experimental basis for the research on the hypolipidemic mechanism of I. hainanensis Merr. [Methods] SD rats were fed high-fat diet to establish hyperlipidemia rat models. The hyperlipidemia rats were administered with different processed products of I. hainanensis Merr by gavage to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of the medicinal material. [Results] The levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in the rats fed high-fat diet were significantly higher than those in of the control group(P<0.01), indicating successful modeling. Among different processing methods, the hypolipidemic effects were in the order as baking=traditional processing=frying=microwaving>drying in shade. Among different baking times, the hypolipidemic effects ranked as 180 ℃>200 ℃=220 ℃. Among different baking times, the hypolipidemic effects ranked as 20 min=40 min>30 min. The hypolipidemic effects of processed product of I. hainanensis Merr with different amounts of active ingredients were different. [Conclusions] The processed products of I. hainanensis Merr all had hypolipidemic effects, but the effects were different. This study will provide a scientific basis for expanding the resources of I. hainanensis Merr.

Ischemic colitis after mesotherapy combined with anti-obesity medications

Mesotherapy and anti-obesity medications are gradually gaining worldwide popularity for purposes of body contouring and weight loss.Their adverse effects are various,but there is a tendency to disregard them.Ischemic colitis is one of the most common diseases associated with non-obstructive blood vessel disorders.However,there have been no case reports about the adverse effects resulting from mesotherapy only or in combination with anti-obesity medications.We report on an interesting case of ischemic colitis after mesotherapy combined with anti-obesity medications in a 39-year-old female who had no risk factors.

Effect of black and white sesame on lowering blood lipids of rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet

Sesamum indicum has various biological effects,and this study aimed to investigate its hypolipidemic effect.A hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding rats with high-fat diets in this study,then the hyperlipidemia rats were fed with different doses of black and white sesame seeds and black and white sesame kernels.The serum and liver biochemical indicators of the rats were determined,and liver pathology analysis was conducted to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of sesame.The results showed that the blood lipid of SD(Sprague-Dawley)rats fed with high-fat diet for three weeks was higher than 200 mg/d L,indicating that the hyperlipidemia rat model was successfully established.At the same dose,the final body weights of the rats of white sesame seed and kernel groups were higher than those of the black sesame seed and kernel groups;and the weights of the black and white sesame seed groups were lower than those of the black and white sesame kernel groups.The liver indexes of the normal control group and the experimental groups were significantly lower than the model control group(P<0.05),indicating that black and white sesame seed and kernel could reduce the lipid accumulation on the liver.The malondialdehyde(MDA)values of the liver in the normal control group and the experimental groups were significantly lower than that in the model control group(P<0.05).The total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)in the liver of each experimental group were significantly higher than those in the model control group(P<0.05).Based on the above results as well as pathological observation and analysis,we found that the black and white sesame seeds and kernels could improve fatty liver lesions and lipid metabolism disorder and could reduce lipid accumulation on the liver,thereby protecting the liver from damage and reducing the risk of fatty liver.Moreover,black and white sesame seeds,black and white sesame kernels can reduce the levels of total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)in serum,and high dose of black sesame seeds(30%black sesame seeds)and low dose of black sesame kernels(10%black sesame kernels)were more beneficial for the recovery of hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.The above results indicated that black and white sesame has hypolipidemic effect.

Effect of Grains of Paradise (GP) Extract Intake on Obesity and Sympathetic Nerve Activity

The methanol extract of grains of paradise (GP), the seed of Aframomum melegueta, which is distributed throughout West Africa, was administered during an animal breeding test. The extract suppressed body weight gain and decreased the weight of adipose tissues in breeding mice, with a greater effect on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) than on those fed a normal diet (ND). Other significant effects of GP intake included increased serum triglyceride (TG) concentration and reduced hepatic total cholesterol (TC) and TG concentrations. GP intake markedly prevented fat accumulation and improved hepatic lipid metabolism in HFD-fed mice. In addition, GP extract at a dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight decreased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in brown adipose tissue (BAT), while capsaicin, a major component of chili pepper, activated BAT SNA. This suggested that GP exerts a potential anti-obesity effect by a different mechanism from that of capsaicin.

南酸枣多糖的体外抗氧化、降血糖与降血脂作用

以南酸枣多糖体积分数40%乙醇沉淀组分CAP-40为研究对象,初步评价其体外抗氧化、降血糖与降血脂作用。分别利用高效液相凝胶渗透色谱及高效液相离子色谱测定CAP-40的分子量与单糖组成,同时测定其对DPPH·和ABTS+·的清除率,α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制率,甘氨胆酸钠和牛磺胆酸钠的结合率以及胰脂肪酶的抑制率。结果表明,CAP-40的洗脱曲线为单一对称峰,分子量约156206 Da,单糖主要由葡萄糖、半乳糖醛酸、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖组成,摩尔百分比分别为40.8%、40.7%、9.3%、5.1%、2.0%。CAP-40浓度为1 mg/mL时,对DPPH·和ABTS^(+)·的清除率分别为(88.85±0.49)%和(87.13±1.63)%。浓度为16 mg/mL时,CAP-40对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率为(71.28±2.34)%;在8 mg/mL处,对α-淀粉酶的抑制率为(72.29±4.85)%。此外,浓度为20 mg/mL时,CAP-40对胰脂肪酶的抑制率为(26.34±1.41)%;在5 mg/mL处,对甘氨胆酸钠和牛磺胆酸钠的结合率分别达到(31.87±4.53)%和(38.98±0.60)%。综上所述,南酸枣多糖CAP-40具有一定的体外抗氧化、降血糖与降血脂作用,为开发天然降糖、降脂功能食品提供理论依据,也为南酸枣资源的综合开发利用提供新的思路。

基于肠道菌群探讨粗壮女贞总苷对高脂血症金黄仓鼠的降脂作用机制

目的评价粗壮女贞总苷(total phenylpropanoid glycosides extracted from Ligustrum robustum(Roxb.)Blume,LRTPG)对高脂血症金黄仓鼠的降脂作用并探讨其对肠道菌群的调节作用。方法60只仓鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、阳性药组、LRTPG-L组、LRTPG-M组、LRTPG-H组。高脂饲料诱导造模成功后连续给药4周,进行血脂和肝脂含量检测,并采集对照组、模型组和LRTPG-H组仓鼠结直肠部位成形粪便进行16S rDNA测序。结果LRTPG对高脂血症仓鼠具有降低血清TG、TC、LDL-C水平和肝脏TG、TC含量的作用。肠道菌群测序结果显示,与模型组比较,LRTPG在门水平降低厚壁菌门相对丰度,增加拟杆菌门和疣微菌门相对丰度(P<0.01);科水平上明显升高克里斯滕森菌科、消化球菌科、疣微菌科相对丰度(P<0.05或P<0.01);属水平上明显升高颤螺菌属、颤杆菌克属、解黄酮菌属和阿克曼氏菌属的相对丰度(P<0.05或P<0.01)。这些菌群的变化均有益于LRTPG降脂作用的发挥。结论LRTPG可能通过改善高脂饮食导致的金黄仓鼠肠道菌群紊乱发挥降脂功效。

黄皮新肉桂酰胺B的小鼠降脂活性及毒副作用

目的:探究鸡心黄皮果核中黄皮新肉桂酰胺B(lansiumamide B,LB)作用于高脂饮食(high fat diet,HFD)模型C57BL/6J小鼠的降脂活性及在实验过程中的毒副作用,为其应用于更多活性领域研究提供安全性依据。方法:以C57BL/6J小鼠为动物模型,经口灌胃LB以探究对小鼠的无可见有害作用水平(no observed adverse effect level,NOAEL),作为降脂实验浓度设置依据;建立HFD模型后,以LB 1/100、1/50、1/25 NOAEL剂量对小鼠给药灌胃4周,通过体质量、血脂生化指标、胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激等指标评价LB降脂活性。结果:经口急性毒性实验结果得出LB对C57BL/6小鼠的NOAEL为2 g/kg mb;HFD模型实验结果显示LB能够显著降低小鼠体质量,LB高剂量组与HFD组相比,体质量下降15.51%、Lee’s指数下降3.25%、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度上升38.04%,超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活力分别提高41.86%、41.95%和105.50%。结论:LB的NOAEL为2 g/kg mb,LB在NOAEL剂量范围内对小鼠具有显著降脂活性且无明显可见毒副作用。

蓝莓叶提取物对2型糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的调节

为探讨蓝莓叶提取物(bluberry leaf extract, BLE)对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetic, T2D)小鼠糖脂代谢的调节作用,采用高糖高脂饮食诱导辅以链脲佐菌素腹腔注射建立T2D小鼠模型,将其分为模型组、阳性组(20 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)阿卡波糖)、BLE低中高剂量组(200,400,800 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)BLE),另设正常组.灌胃干预35 d,分析小鼠血清中血糖、胰岛素和血脂水平,肝脏中糖代谢水平,胰脏和肝脏中的抗氧化水平变化,结合苏木精-伊红染色切片和原位末端标记染色切片,评估BLE对T2D小鼠胰脏和肝脏组织病理损伤的缓解作用.结果表明,BLE能显著降低T2D小鼠空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和丙二醛的水平,提升胰岛素、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肝糖原和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的水平,增强葡萄糖激酶和总超氧化物歧化酶的活性,抑制葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶的活性,减轻胰脏和肝脏组织的病理损伤.综上所述,BLE具有显著的降血糖和降血脂作用,推测其可通过减少T2D小鼠胰脏和肝脏的氧化应激损伤,保护脏器组织细胞的生理形态结构,从而在提升胰腺胰岛素分泌功能的同时改善肝脏糖代谢功能,完成机体血糖和血脂水平的整体性调节.

亚麻籽油磷虾油软胶囊辅助降血脂作用人体试食研究

为观察亚麻籽油磷虾油软胶囊对人体辅助降血脂的作用,将109例高脂血症者按血脂水平随机分为试食组和对照组。受试者不改变生活饮食习惯,试食组每日食用亚麻籽油磷虾油软胶囊2次,每次3粒,对照组采用空白对照。试验结果表明,试食组连续服用亚麻籽油磷虾油软胶囊60 d后,未见不良反应。通过试食组与对照组间比较以及试食组自身前后比较分析发现,受试者血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著下降(P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。试食组总有效率35.8%,高于对照组(1.9%)。因此,亚麻籽油磷虾油软胶囊对人体具有辅助降血脂的功能。

青梅和蛹虫草培养基复合发酵酒的制备工艺及其抗氧化效果

为开发出一种新型的青梅酒产品,减轻蛹虫草在栽培过程中因废弃培养基而产生的资源浪费和环境污染,促进青梅和蛹虫草产业可持续发展。采用青梅与蛹虫草培养基作为发酵原料,运用单因素试验和正交试验,研究筛选并提出青梅和蛹虫草培养基复合发酵酒的最佳工艺。结果表明,在A_(3)B_(3)C_(3)(青梅和蛹虫草培养基比例为7:3、初始糖度为25%、果胶酶进行酶解)条件下,制得的青梅和蛹虫草培养基复合发酵酒口味独特,营养丰富,香气馥郁,具有典型的青梅果香。酒精度为8.14%vol,感官评分92.83,对于ABTS+·自由基、亚硝基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子和羟基自由基的清除率均在90%以上,表现出很强的抗氧化能力。采用模拟体内实验初步探究了青梅和蛹虫草培养基复合发酵酒与胆酸盐结合的能力,结合率均高于60%,说明果酒具有良好的降血脂功效。

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定调节三高类保健食品中59种非法添加药物

本实验建立了调节三高类保健食品中59种非法添加药物的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品经甲醇提取,QuEChERS净化,氮吹至近干,1 mL 40%甲醇溶液(体积分数)复溶,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸溶液(5 mmol/L乙酸铵)为流动相,经ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3反相柱梯度分离,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱在正、负离子模式下多反应监测,采用基质外标法定量。结果表明:59种非法添加药物在线性范围内,决定系数(R^(2))均大于0.980,回收率在60.2%~119.5%之间,相对标准偏差在1.2%~15.0%之间。该方法具有前处理较简单、分析时间较短、灵敏度好、准确度高、杂质干扰小等特点,可以用于调节三高类保健食品中多种非法添加药物的检测。

刺梨治疗代谢综合征的研究进展

刺梨是蔷薇科植物缫丝花的果实,富含多糖、有机酸、黄酮、多酚、三萜以及维生素等活性成分。本文对刺梨及其活性成分治疗代谢综合征的药理作用与机制的研究进行综述,发现刺梨及其活性成分在降血糖、降血脂上具有良好治疗效果,但在治疗肥胖和高血压的效果和机制方面有待进一步研究。

富硒酵母植物甾醇酯软胶囊辅助降血脂功能研究

为研究富硒酵母植物甾醇酯软胶囊辅助降血脂的效果,开展人体试食试验。本研究有效受试者104例,试食组58例,对照组56例。试食组每日服用富硒酵母植物甾醇酯软胶囊,对照组服用安慰剂。连续服用60天,检测相关指标。试食组前后比较,血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇有显著性差异(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验后,两组受试者甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇组间比较,均有显著性差异(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇组间比较无显善性差异(P>0.05)。试验期间未见与受试品或安慰剂有关的不良反应,并且受试者的安全性检查指标均未见明显变化或异常现象。根据辅助降血脂功能评价方法判定标准,认为富硒酵母植物醇酯软胶囊具有辅助降血脂功能。