Innovative Techniques Unveiled in Advanced Sheet Pile Curtain Design

This thorough review explores the complexities of geotechnical engineering, emphasizing soil-structure interaction (SSI). The investigation centers on sheet pile design, examining two primary methodologies: Limit Equilibrium Methods (LEM) and Soil-Structure Interaction Methods (SSIM). While LEM methods, grounded in classical principles, provide valuable insights for preliminary design considerations, they may encounter limitations in addressing real-world complexities. In contrast, SSIM methods, including the SSI-SR approach, introduce precision and depth to the field. By employing numerical techniques such as Finite Element (FE) and Finite Difference (FD) analyses, these methods enable engineers to navigate the dynamics of soil-structure interaction. The exploration extends to SSI-FE, highlighting its essential role in civil engineering. By integrating Finite Element analysis with considerations for soil-structure interaction, the SSI-FE method offers a holistic understanding of how structures dynamically interact with their geotechnical environment. Throughout this exploration, the study dissects critical components governing SSIM methods, providing engineers with tools to navigate the intricate landscape of geotechnical design. The study acknowledges the significance of the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model while recognizing its limitations, and guiding practitioners toward informed decision-making in geotechnical analyses. As the article concludes, it underscores the importance of continuous learning and innovation for the future of geotechnical engineering. With advancing technology and an evolving understanding of soil-structure interaction, the study remains committed to ensuring the safety, stability, and efficiency of geotechnical structures through cutting-edge design and analysis techniques.

Analysis and design of axially loaded piles in rock

Despite significant advancements in in situ test techniques,construction practices,understanding of rock joint and rock mass behaviours,and numerical analysis methods,the design of bored concrete cast-insitu piles in rock is still largely based on the assessment of bearing capacity.However,for many of the rock conditions encountered,the bearing capacity of piles is a nebulous concept and a figment of the designer’s imagination.Even if it can be reasonably quantified,it has little,if any,significance to the performance of a pile in rock.The load carrying capacity of even low strength rock(in most situations)is far in excess of the strength of the structure(for example,a building column)transmitting the load.Unsatisfactory performance of a pile in rock is usually a displacement issue and is a function of rock mass stiffness rather than rock mass strength.In addition,poor pile performance is much more likely to result from poor construction practices than excessive displacement of the rock mass.Exceptions occur for footings that are undermined,or where unfavourable structure in the rock allows movement towards a free surface to occur.Standards,codes of practices,reference books and other sources of design information should focus foundation design in rock on displacement rather than strength performance.Ground investigations should measure rock mass stiffness and defect properties,as well as intact rock strength.This paper summarises the fundamental concepts relating to performance of piles in rock and provides a basis for displacement focused design of piles in rock.It also presents comments relating to how piles are modelled in widely used commercial finite element software for soil-structure interaction analysis,within the context of the back-analysis of a pile load test,and proposes recommendations for pile analysis and design.

Probabilistic limit state design methodof the axial resistance of post grouting pile

The reliability of post grouting pile axial resistance was studied by proposing a design method for its probabilistic limit state,which is represented by the partial coefficients of load,end,and side resistance.The hyperbolic,modified hyperbolic,and polynomial models were employed to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of test piles that were not loaded to damage in field tests.The results were used for the calculation and calibration of the reliability index.The reliability of the probabilistic limit state design method was verified by an engineering case.The results show that the prediction results obtained from the modified hyperbolic model are closest to those obtained through the static load test.The proposed corresponding values of total,side,and end resistance partial coefficients are 1.84,1.66,and 2.73 when the dead and live load partial coefficients are taken as 1.1 and 1.4,respectively.Meanwhile,the corresponding partial coefficients of total,side,and end resistance are 1.70,1.56,and 2.34 when the dead and live load partial coefficients are taken as 1.2 and 1.4,respectively.

Optimum Design of Jacket Platforms Considering Structure-Pile-Soil Interaction

This paper proposes an optimum design model for the offshore jacket platform considering multidesign criteria, multi-design constraints and the structure-pile-soil interaction, and gives an optimum design procedure in which the proposed optimum design model is used together with structural analysis software SAP91 and optimum algorithm software OPB1. The Chengbei (#)11 offshore platform, which lies in the Shengli oilfield, is designed by use of the above optimum design model. The results show that the optimum design model is stable, and it depends on neither the optimization algorithm nor initial values of design variables. All values of the objective function converge to the same minimum value, and the speed of convergence is high, showing that the proposed optimum design model is reasonable.

Design and construction of scour protection for deep-water group pile foundation structures of two pylons in the Sutong Bridge project

Sutong Bridge,as a world-record cable-stayed bridge with its main span exceeding 1 000 m constructed in Yangtze River estuary region in China,is located at a site with complicated hydrologic conditions and poor geotechnical conditions and therefore,scour protection will be a decisive factor for ensuring smooth and successful construction of this bridge.This paper,starting from structural description of deep-water group pile foundation,analyzes impact to the bridge safety introduced by scour and its protection and further presents different solutions of scour protection for foundation structures of this bridge.

Field Test Study on Cantilever Circular Occluded Pile Supporting Structure

In order to explore the deformation of the pile body of the circular occluded pile retaining structure under earth pressure, this paper carries out on-site monitoring in combination with the actual project, and obtains the deformation characteristics and change rules of the occluded pile by measuring the strain and displacement of the pile body. The research conclusion can provide a certain reference value for the pile body design of bite pile in similar projects.

考虑多失效模式的桩锚结构鲁棒性设计及经济性优化

目的 研究岩土力学参数的不确定性对桩锚支护体系的整体影响,探究经济性和鲁棒性共同作用的优化设计。方法 选取黄土地区工程案例,考虑支护桩隆起破坏、支护桩倾覆破坏、整体稳定性破坏三类破坏形式,使用蒙特卡洛及点估计法嵌套的方式求出不同设计组合下的失效概率及标准差;同时考虑优化设计的经济性,筛选出桩锚支护结构体系的鲁棒性优化设计方案。结果 随着桩长增加,主控模式由隆起破坏向整体稳定性改变,不同的几何参数对结构鲁棒性影响不同,优化后可以获得同时满足经济性、鲁棒性及可靠度要求的最佳设计方案。结论 在桩锚结构设计中考虑经济性优化及多失效模式的鲁棒性设计是必要的。

砾砂地层盾构切削大直径群桩的刀具研究

刀盘刀具是盾构机实现切削功能并保证其顺利推进的主要部件,合适的刀具选型与设计在保证盾构机成功切削大直径钢筋混凝土群桩的过程中至关重要。依托沈阳地铁4号线盾构切桩工程,结合盾构穿越砾砂地层的工程特点以及切削大直径钢筋混凝土群桩的工程需求,对刀盘刀具进行选型,采用LS-DYNA软件模拟不同刃宽、刃角及前角的贝壳刀切削钢筋的效果。将分析结果应用于该工程,通过对比切桩前后既有隧道沉降变化规律论证刀具选型设计的合理性,并根据切桩后的贝壳刀磨损规律及盾构机排出钢筋情况,评估刀盘刀具切削效果,从而优化刀盘的刀具布置。研究结果表明:盾构刀盘采用面板+辐条复合式直角刀盘,切桩刀具采用前角-45°零后角、5 mm刃宽、90°刃角的双面刃贝壳刀,可提升盾构切桩效果;盾构切桩过程中既有隧道的变形波动控制在1.1 mm内,切桩完成后既有隧道的最大沉降仅为1.96 mm,未对既有隧道造成明显影响;刀盘布置贝壳刀时,应增加高度为210 mm的贝壳刀数量,尤其需要避免单个辐条上仅有1把高度为210 mm贝壳刀的情况,可有效提高刀盘刀具切削钢筋的能力并降低崩刃风险。刀具选型设计结果成功应用于沈阳地铁4号线切桩工程,可为今后类似工程提供参考。

液化场地大直径变截面单桩动力响应研究

为研究不同地震动强度下液化场地大直径变截面单桩的动力响应规律,基于振动台试验,选取5010波,在地震动强度0.10g~0.45g作用下,研究液化场地砂土孔压比和大直径变截面单桩桩顶水平位移、桩身弯矩、桩身加速度时程响应及桩基损伤等变化规律.试验结果表明:饱和砂土孔压比随着地震动强度的增大上升明显,地震动强度≥0.30g时,饱和砂土孔压比稳定值在0.9附近,此时砂土完全液化;在0.45g地震动强度作用下,桩身加速度、桩顶水平位移及桩身弯矩均达到最大;桩身不同位置处加速度峰值出现时刻均滞后于输入地震波加速度峰值出现时刻,且桩顶及变截面的加速度响应比桩端的响应更弱;不同地震动强度作用下,桩身弯矩最大值均出现在液化土层和非液化土层分界处,且变截面处弯矩小于土层分界面处;地震动强度达到0.30g时,大直径变截面单桩桩身发生损伤.因此,液化场地下大直径变截面桥梁单桩基础抗震设计时,应该重点考虑饱和砂土层分界处、变截面处的抗弯能力,以确保单桩桩身强度满足抗震要求.

东津黄河大桥主桥总体设计

东津黄河大桥主桥为(50+180+420+180+50) m双塔钢-混组合梁斜拉桥,采用半飘浮结构体系;主梁采用宽34 m的双边钢箱-混凝土桥面板组合梁;桥塔采用无下横梁的A形桥塔+分离式承台,承台间设横向系梁,塔梁交接处设置牛腿支承主梁,塔柱底部设置破冰体;基础采用?2.0 m钻孔灌注桩,最大桩长117 m;斜拉索采用标准抗拉强度1 860 MPa平行钢丝拉索,按空间双索面扇形布置,塔端采用钢锚梁+混凝土齿块锚固,梁端采用钢锚箱锚固于主梁边钢箱外腹板。计算结果表明,该桥结构静、动力性能良好,各项指标满足规范要求。

大倾角钢箱提篮拱桥总体设计

考虑施工技术、经济性和景观效果等方面,陕西蔡家坡渭河特大桥主桥采用(35+210+35) m大倾角钢箱提篮拱桥。该桥采用摩擦摆和环向钢丝绳阻尼支座综合减隔震约束体系,以降低结构的地震响应。拱肋为单室等宽钢箱截面,采用主、副拱肋2条悬链线,主、副拱肋共面,设计为横向内倾20°的大倾角,在提高桥梁景观效果的同时,又有效提高了结构的整体稳定性;拱肋设钢-混结合段连接拱脚与混凝土拱座。桥面系采用自重较轻的正交异性钢桥面板结构。吊杆采用抗拉强度1 860 MPa的环氧柔性钢绞线。基础采用Φ2.5 m的钻孔灌注群桩,以抵抗软弱地质条件下荷载的竖向及水平作用力。该桥总体采用先梁后拱的施工方案。整体及局部有限元分析结果表明,桥梁结构力学性能均满足规范要求,设计安全可靠。

小口径组合桩在滑坡抢险中的设计方法探讨

为适应滑坡抢险工程的时效性和安全性,在分析小口径组合桩加固机理的基础上,提出设计流程、计算方法及具体参数取值,并应用于某铁路大临道路工程修建期间诱发的一处滑坡整治工程中,通过监控量测和数值模拟分析,验证该设计方法在抢险工程中的可行性。工程效果证明,计算方法及具体参数取值较为合理。

滑坡碎屑流消能桩结构动力计算与设计方法

滑坡碎屑流由于体积大、速度快和运动距离远的特性,常常在下游造成较大破坏形成严重的自然灾害。基于消能桩与滑坡碎屑流结构的动力相互作用过程,采用功能原理和结构力学方法,推导了消能桩对滑坡碎屑流能量耗散的理论计算模型。首先,通过冲击力计算模型获得滑坡碎屑流冲击力的垂向分布;其次,由悬臂梁挠曲变形的关系确定其抗弯反力;然后,根据滑坡碎屑流在坡面上流动的面积、厚度估算消能桩的反力,以及在反力方向上碎屑流通过的距离;最后,计算单根桩的动能耗散量。采用推导的公式进行消能桩的优化设计:综合考虑下游防护对象的位置和滑坡体的堆积位置,计算消能桩的“消能效益”,确定消能桩的数量;根据最大块石的冲击力作用,计算需要消能桩的排数,从而确定消能桩的排布设计。选取一个滑坡碎屑流实例,采用上述理论计算模型设计消能桩,计算出消能桩的数量和排数,并根据计算结果进行优化布设。结果表明,该模型适用于消能桩的优化设计与应用。

G3铜陵长江公铁大桥桥塔基础设计

G3铜陵长江公铁大桥主桥为主跨988 m的斜拉-悬索协作体系桥,桥塔采用钢筋混凝土门形结构。3号桥塔基础比选了钻孔桩基础与沉井基础方案,4号桥塔基础比选了钻孔桩基础与地下连续墙基础方案,综合考虑基础受力性能、经济性、施工风险等,均推荐采用钻孔桩基础方案。3号、4号桥塔塔座高4.5 m,承台分别为厚7 m的圆形-哑铃形和矩形-哑铃形结构,基础分别采用68根和64根∅3.0 m钻孔桩,桩长分别为95 m和79 m,按摩擦桩设计。承台系梁采用ANSYS软件进行实体有限元分析,系梁横向受力主筋、竖向抗剪箍筋采用优化分区配置,满足受力要求。

U型槽结构下振冲碎石桩联合抗拔桩数值分析及优化设计

[目的]研究沿海下穿道路工程U型槽结构下振冲碎石桩联合抗拔桩的加固效果及其优化设计.[方法]采用有限元软件ABAQUS进行建模,分析了振冲碎石桩的打入对砂土地基抗液化能力的改良效果,讨论了U型槽、抗拔桩、碎石桩各设计参数对U型槽抗浮效果的影响.针对以上结果基于NSGA2遗传算法,开展抗液化能力、抗浮效果、工程造价三目标的优化设计.[结果]振冲碎石桩可以大大增强砂土地基的抗液化能力,未使用振冲碎石桩的砂土均发生液化,而采用振冲碎石桩处理后的砂土地基液化率仅为4.7%;U型槽底板厚度、抗拔桩的桩径、桩长和振冲碎石桩的桩径、桩长均对U型槽底板上浮位移有较大影响;采用NSGA2遗传算法得出的最优方案在满足安全储备的情况下,造价比原始方案节省了10.0%,且砂土地基液化率降低了45.7%.[结论]基于NSGA2遗传算法提出的以砂土液化率、底板上浮位移和工程造价为目标的优化设计方案可为今后同类工程提供设计指导.

滑坡稳定性评价及治理工程设计软件Slope Designer

主要介绍了Slop eDesigne r1.2的设计开发思路和主要功能。该软件是基于Windows面向对象技术开发的滑坡稳定性评价与治理工程设计的一体化工程软件,采用Visual C++进行程序设计,包括稳定性分析子模块和抗滑桩设计子模块2部分,可对地震作用、暴雨等不同工况下的滑坡进行稳定性评价和推力计算,并能够对(锚拉)抗滑桩(弹性桩、刚性桩)的弯矩、剪力及侧应力进行计算,最后根据内力计算结果完成配筋计算。在三峡库区兴山县二里半滑坡的应用研究表明,该软件具有很好的工程实用性。

中原文旅城欢乐世界一期雪世界高区基础设计

中原文旅城欢乐世界一期雪世界高区采用了巨型钢框架结构体系,基础形式为群桩基础,满足了基础内力大、沉降控制要求高的要求。介绍了巨型框架结构以及基础设计内力大、沉降控制要求高等特点。以中原文旅城欢乐世界一期雪世界项目滑道高区的基础设计为例,详细介绍了该工程地质概况、桩型选择、基础设计原则;进行了基桩承载力计算和验算,并分别采用YJK和ABAQUS对基础的沉降进行分析。其中ABAQUS模型考虑了桩、土、承台的相互作用,克服了传统计算方法不能细致分析桩身弹性压缩、实体深基础侧阻力和应力扩散等的不足。

特殊工况下大型通用门式起重机基础设计可靠性验算

某长江大桥建设工程设置了水上施工平台,用于布置一台180 t通用门式起重机,主要用来吊运钢箱。该起重机的基础较特殊,是全钢管柱架构的施工平台,且位于长江之上。为了确保起重机使用安全,对其基础设计进行了计算,并通过有限元建模,计算整体结构的强度,再对应力最大处的钢管进行稳定性验算,来验证起重机基础的安全性。

一种基于QFD/TRIZ的高压铁塔微桩成型装备设计

高压输电线路铁塔常位于地形条件苛刻、地质条件复杂、气象状况多变的地区,这使得大型钻孔设备难以到达施工现场,基坑开挖大多只能采用人工挖掘,但人工挖掘难以挖出变直径桩孔。为了减轻人工强度和施工风险并提高施工效率,提出了一种成孔设备设计方案。首先,分析了对当前桩孔钻进施工的现状以及其中存在的问题与用户需求;然后,通过质量功能展开方法从得到的用户需求中发掘出产品设计要求;最后利用发明问题解决理论求解设计要求的冲突,得到组合式变径成孔设备方案。该方案将实现成孔设备的可便捷拆卸装配以及连续变径成孔等功能,可有效地提高变径桩成孔施工的效率和安全性,相对于人工桩孔挖掘具有明显优势。

岩溶地区某码头工程的勘察与桩基设计优化策略

结合韶关岩溶地区某码头工程,对其桩基设计与溶洞处理问题进行深入研究。目标是在复杂地质条件下提高桩基设计的可靠性和安全性。通过结合钻探和多种地球物理探测方法(包括管波探测法和弹性波CT法),对岩溶区的地质特征进行全面勘察,并提出在溶洞物理力学性质较弱的区域实施“先逐层冲填片石后注浆”的处理方案。结果表明,溶洞分布不规则,大小和深度变化大;静载试验结果验证了处理方案的有效性。