Analysis of the Properties and Anti-Seepage Mechanism of PBFC Slurry in Landfill

As the landfill leachate has strong pollution on the underground water,surface water and soil.This paper develops the formula of impervious slurry with low permeability,good durability,strong adsorption and retardant based on the bentonite which is modified by polyvinyl alcohol.Through the simulation experiment,the optimum formula of polyvinyl alcohol is 0.2%.Its osmotic coefficient for 28 days is 0.53×10^-8~1.86×10^-8 cm/s and compressive strength is 0.5~1.5 MPa as well.This paper study on the retardant rule of the consolidation of slurry against the pollution in the leachate by self-made percolation instrument.The experiment shows that the retardant rate of the consolidation against inorganic pollutants and organic pollutants is over 85% and the retardant rate against heavy metal ion such as Hg and Pb is above 99%.The slurry has the characteristics of low permeability,high retardant against pollution,good durability and plasticity,no chemical additives,no pollution,wide source of raw materials and good economy which determine it can be used to new landfill or existing landfill,building foundation pit and water conservancy project.

Discussion on Anti-seepage Wall and Anti-seepage Technology of Water Conservancy Project

The water infiltration problem of water conservancy projects is one of the more common problems in the construction of water conservancy projects,which seriously affects the overall construction quality and safety of water conservancy projects.This article studies the causes of water infiltration in water conservancy projects and introduces related antiseepage technologies,hoping to be a reference for the implementation of anti-seepage projects.Through research,it is found that the factors that cause water infiltration in water conservancy projects include water conservancy project structural changes,environmental factors and construction factors.Relevant personnel can use concrete anti-seepage wall construction technology and high-pressure jet grouting technology to do the relevant anti-seepage work of water conservancy projects.

Application of Anti-seepage Technology in the Construction of Hydraulic Engineering Projects

With the development of China's economy,the implementation scale and scope of hydraulic engineering projects are increasing,and the application of anti-seepage technology has an important influence on the construction quality of hydraulic engineering.In this paper,the significance and problems of the application of anti-seepage technology in the construction of hydraulic engineering projects were mainly analyzed,and specific application strategies were proposed.

Discussion on Anti-Seepage Technologies in the Construction of Small-Scale Rural Water Conservancy Projects

In order to ensure the sustainable growth of rural economy,it is necessary to carry out further research on small-scale water conservancy projects and solve the seepage issue in rural areas.Based on the application significance of small-scale rural water conservancy projects and the analysis of anti-seepage technologies,along with specific examples,this paper specifically discusses the application of high-pressure jet technology,so as to provide reference for the development of engineering construction.

闸门门槽抢险加固技术方案探究--以杨思枢纽船闸抢险加固项目为例

基于杨思枢纽船闸闸门门槽抢险加固的工程案例,针对其外闸首门槽埋件锈蚀脱落引起闸门卡阻、现场施工空间受限导致无法利用检修门槽安装临时检修闸门、采用常规一次拦断河床围堰干地施工不经济、施工周期长、环境影响大等一系列问题,首次提出一种新的门槽抢险检修施工方法:通过新建临时钢门槽,利用既有结构和检修门构建临防封闭,且利用浮箱式钢槽围堰解决狭小空间内构件运输困难、难以营造局部干地施工空间的难题,为工程管理部门进行合理决策提供理论依据和技术参考。

渠江特大桥矮塔斜拉桥水中墩围堰施工方案优化

结合渠江特大桥矮塔斜拉桥水中墩施工,对围堰施工方案进行优化。创新的提出了“筑岛+锁扣桩围堰”施工技术方案。采用先施工筑岛平台,再施工锁扣钢管桩围堰,成功解决了水下施工难的问题,并成功解决了桥桩、锁扣桩围堰及栈桥不能同步施工的问题,有效缩短了施工工期;采用先引孔在插打锁扣钢管桩的施工工艺,解决了锁扣钢管桩插打入岩的难题。

裸岩浅埋无封底PC组合围堰设计与施工关键技术

潍宿高铁墙夼水库特大桥53#~55#水中墩承台基础为挖井基础,墩位处最大水深为6.6 m,围堰内河床岩层为砂岩,基本无覆盖层。54#墩的承台施工采用钢管桩与钢板桩组合围堰,针对裸岩浅埋无封底围堰的施工特点,通过建模分析各个工况下围堰体系的变形与受力情况,表明围堰结构及整体稳定性安全。无封底钢管桩与钢板桩组合围堰的综合性施工难度较大,介绍铣槽、沉桩、基槽内清淤、柱脚锚固浇筑等关键施工技术,现场实施效果良好。

深水泥岩条件下双壁钢围堰下沉就位施工技术

宁洛高速改扩建工程淮河特大桥22#墩围堰累计入水下沉34 m,嵌入河床19 m,且刃角位于泥岩地质中,在施工过程中受地质、汛期等多方面影响,围堰基坑开挖、下沉精准就位难度很大且工期紧张。设计了新型砼滚杠式限位导向,解决围堰下沉过程中的平面偏位控制难题;采用在吸泥管底部加装液压铰刀和搭设平台采取旋挖钻机钻挖取土的方法,攻克了圆砾土层和全风化泥岩层的水下开挖难题;合理调整内支撑安装顺序,优化安装工艺,极大的提高了施工效率。确保了22#墩围堰在预定工期内下沉到位并成功封底,为大挖深双壁钢围堰的基坑开挖、下沉就位施工提供了经验借鉴。

Numerical study on effects of the cofferdam area in liquefied natural gas storage tank on the leakage and diffusion characteristics of natural gas

The leakage and diffusion characteristics of natural gas were investigated in the condition of the leakage of liquefied natural gas(LNG) in the storage tank.Fluent was adopted to simulate the process in a series of three-dimension unsteady state calculations.The effects of different heights of the cofferdam(1.0 m, 2.0 m and 3.0 m),wind directions,ambient temperature,leakage location,leakage volume on the diffusion process of natural gas were investigated.The diffusion characteristics of the natural gas clouds over cofferdam were found.Under windless condition,when the gas clouds met,the gas clouds rose due to the collision,which made them easier to cross the cofferdam and spread out.The higher the ambient temperature was,the higher the gas concentration around the cofferdam was,and the smaller the gas concentration difference was.When the leakage occurred,the higher coffe rdam was more beneficial to delay the outward diffusion of gas clouds.However,when the leaka ge stopped,the higher cofferdam went against the dissipation of gas clouds.Under windy condition,the time to form stable leakage flow field was faster than that of windless,and the lower cofferdam further reduced this time.Therefore,considering the effect of barrier and dissipation,it was suggested that the rational height of cofferdam should be designed in the range of 1.0 m to 2.0 m.In case of emergency,the leakage of gas should be deduced reasonably by combining the measurement of gas concentration with the rolling of gas clouds.When windless,the leakage area should be entered between the overflows of gas clouds.

Influence of Artificial Cofferdam and Spartina alterniflora Expansion on Evolution of Suaeda salsa Marsh in Yancheng Coastal Wetland of East China

Suaeda salsa is an important local species in the intertidal beach of the Western Pacific coast. However,under the artificial cofferdam and Spartina alterniflora expansion,Suaeda marsh has degraded seriously. Therefore,using Yancheng Nature Reserve as a case study area,taking ETM+images in 2000,2006 and 2011 as the basic data sources,we revealed the evolution characteristics of Salsa marsh which was impacted. The research results are as follows. From 2000 to 2011,Salsa marsh area in the artificial area tempestuously degraded,decreasing by 87. 158%,more than 22% than those in the natural area. The landscape was fragmentized. Landscape polymerization degree index dropped from 95. 780 to 65. 455,more than 16% than those in the natural area. The mean patch area fell down to 21. 429 ha from 389. 333 ha,more than 11% that in the natural area. Compared to the steady change in natural conditions,the area was reduced by 118. 167 ha/a from 2000 to 2006,while during 2006-2011,it was only 51. 500 ha/a in artificial area. As for spatial change of landscape,in artificial area,the Salsa marsh centroid moved forward to the southeast with 666. 350 m,but that in natural area moved forward to the north with 1 042. 710 m from 2000 to 2006. From 2006 to 2011,the centroid moved forward to east and north respectively. Artificial cofferdam transformed the area into freshwater ecosystem,and meanwhile the freshwater was beneficial to Reed marsh. During 2000 to 2006,in the artificial area,539 ha Salsa marsh controlled by cofferdam transferred into reed marsh and aquaculture ponds,of which the transformation rate was nearly 4% higher than that in natural area. From 2006 to 2011,178 ha Salsa marsh was transferred into reed marsh,the transformation rate was 20% higher than that in natural area. With rapid spreading and strong competition of Spartina species,the coastal wetland has formed the pattern of " Salsa – Spartina marshes". From 2000 to 2006,in artificial area,15. 24% of Salsa marsh was transferred into Spartina marsh,of which the transformation rate was13% higher than that in natural area. And from 2006 to 2011,30. 07% Salsa marsh was replaced by the Spartina marsh in artificial area,the rate was almost 10% higher than that in the natural area.

Structural Analysis of Offshore Cofferdam Subjected to Wave Load and Suction Pressure

This study presented a novel circular cofferdam for offshore bridges consisting of ring segments and investigated its structural behaviors using ANSYS Mechanical. Because the bottom segment of the cofferdam which has a double sleeve cross-section was installed by suction, contact behaviors of the cofferdam wall and the lid plate during installation are important for design and the behaviors were also analyzed. Prior to numerical investigation of the bottom segment and complete cofferdam after dewatering, a suction modeling for structural analysis was proposed and evaluate by seepage analysis. Hydrodynamic loads applied to the cofferdam were also evaluated using panel method based on the potential flow theory. Through numerical analyses, structural behaviors of the cofferdam during installation were then investigated. First, contact behaviors between the lid plate and the wall were analyzed using different contact conditions imposed on the interface. Sharp stress increases were shown while the stress jumps were limited to contact area. Next, structural behaviors were investigated by considering seepage pressure. Using an axisymmetric seepage model, the total water pressure considering seepage was estimated and applied to structural analysis. The analysis results showed that strong effects of seepage on the stress change in cofferdam occurred and the seepage effects are necessary to be considered in design of the cofferdam induced by suction.

Phase Ⅲ Rolled Compacted Concrete Cofferdam Construction

Phase Ⅲ Rolled Compacted Concrete(RCC) cofferdam construction belongs to Phase Ⅲ diversion works. It is a key item to ensure an achievement in the reservoir impoundment, navigation and power generation in 2003 and a guarantee to the safety construction of the follow up right bank intake dam section and the powerhouse. Restrained by conditions for construction, navigation, the worksite and the duration, both the concreting intensity and the height of Phase Ⅲ RCC cofferdam exceed the current construction level. In view of these difficulties, a great deal of research work performed by relevant departments is described in the paper.

嵌岩低桩承台锁口钢管桩围堰设计与施工技术

昌九高铁扬子洲赣江公铁大桥西支主桥为(48+144+320+144+48)m无砟轨道钢箱桁组合梁斜拉桥。桥塔墩位于通航河道内,桥位处河床覆盖层浅,基岩强度高,基础由大直径钻孔桩和矩形嵌岩低桩承台组成,承台采用锁口钢管桩围堰施工方案。G33号主墩围堰平面设计尺寸54.56 m×28.52 m,锁口钢管桩采用Q345B材质∅1020 mm螺旋钢管,长28 m,钢管桩之间采用C-T形锁扣连接;围堰设置4层内支撑,单层内支撑设3道对撑,内支撑四角设型钢斜撑;基底设置混凝土垫层参与围堰结构受力。围堰采用XR360旋挖钻机在岩层中引孔,孔内换填细砂后插打钢管桩,钢管桩壁内、外两侧换填砂采用高压旋喷注浆加固。围堰设置智能化监测系统,对围堰受力、变形等进行实时动态监控。实践证明,该桥围堰结构安全可靠、止水效果良好、施工快捷高效。

基坑提前排水围堰渗流稳定及排水策略研究

围堰渗流及边坡稳定关系到围堰自身稳定以及基坑能否及时形成干地施工条件,极大影响到主体建筑物的工期。依托于澜沧江TB水电站围堰施工与基坑排水工作,对围堰防渗墙各施工阶段基坑水位骤降条件下的堰体渗流稳定与边坡稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:随着防渗墙的施工逐步完成,围堰体浸润线的再次稳定用时逐步减小,且基坑内外水位差更大的条件下浸润线稳定用时更长;在围堰防渗墙处于一期槽施工完成二期槽泥浆固壁条件下,若能控制基坑单次水位骤降不超过0.9 m,则堰体边坡能保持稳定,此时可允许基坑提前排水。在此基础上,对TB水电站基坑提前排水策略及方案进行了研究。研究结果可为类似工程提供参考。

重庆官栈河大桥主桥主墩基础锁口钢管桩围堰加固

重庆官栈河大桥主桥为(62+110+62)m三跨连续刚构桥,主墩基础采用锁口钢管桩围堰施工。围堰施工正常水位+325.300 m,施工期控制水位+330.500 m。在该桥主墩围堰完成四周锁口钢管桩插打及前4道内支撑安装后,因极端天气原因,长寿湖水位上涨到+332.200 m,危及围堰安全。为解决钢管桩围堰的安全问题,提出采用水下施工内支撑的加固方案。待围堰内部水头与外部保持一致后,将已经插打的锁口钢管桩加高至标高+334.000 m,拆除已安装好的4道内支撑,重新安装6道内支撑。采用MIDAS Civil软件分别建立加固前、后钢管桩围堰结构有限元模型,分析钢管桩及内支撑的受力安全与稳定性。结果表明:施工控制水位+330.500 m下,围堰结构最大正应力由加固前的162.6 MPa下降到加固后的82.3 MPa,下降了49.3%;承载水位可从施工控制水位+330.500 m增加到目标控制水位+333.500 m,且强度和刚度等均留有一定储备。水下施工内支撑的加固方案可提升围堰的承载能力。该桥围堰加固后整体受力效果良好,已顺利完成承台浇筑施工。

深水薄覆盖层区大型双壁钢围堰施工技术

以长沙香炉洲大桥索塔墩基础施工为依托,综合考虑桥址区的地质、水文、沿岸地形地貌、吊装能力等因素,对双壁钢围堰制造、下水、浮运、精确定位、着床等施工关键技术进行研究,提出竖向分节、水平成环接高、整体浮运、平台拉锚系统精确定位大型钢围堰施工工艺。工程实践证明,提出的深水薄覆盖层场域钢围堰精确定位施工成套技术是成功的,可为类似工程提供参考。

深中大桥东锚碇筑岛围堰基于淤泥强度动态增长的设计方法

深中通道深中大桥为主跨1 666 m的三跨钢箱梁悬索桥,其东锚碇为海中重力式锚碇,采用筑岛围堰方案施工。原筑岛围堰方案采用静态设计方法设计,采用“锁口钢管桩+工字型板桩+钢箱围箍”的组合式筑岛围堰方案。针对原方案存在的材料利用率低、结构设计尺寸偏大、结构之间受力不协调等缺点,在分析淤泥强度增长规律的基础上,提出基于淤泥强度动态增长的筑岛围堰设计方法(动态设计方法)。该方法首先确定不同施工阶段围堰支撑处土体弹簧刚度和平行钢丝索围箍等效弹性支撑刚度,然后利用响应面法建立各施工阶段自变量参数(钢管桩壁厚、钢管桩直径、围箍数量)与控制指标(钢管桩最大应力、桩顶最大位移、围箍最大应力)之间的映射关系;最后利用改进粒子群算法进行围堰结构设计参数优化。采用该动态设计方法进行设计,确定采用锁口钢管桩(直径2 000 mm、壁厚18 mm)+工字型板桩+平行钢丝索(7根,单根为184股?5 mm钢丝)柔性组合式筑岛围堰方案。采用有限元法计算静、动态设计方法下钢管桩最大应力,并与现场实测值比较。结果表明:动态设计方法下,围堰结构受力更合理,各构件应力水平更协调。

强涌潮区管袋围堰施工安全风险仿真研究

强涌潮区的水域环境复杂多变,这极大增加了管袋围堰施工安全管理的难度。为确定强涌潮区管袋围堰施工从清基到维护阶段的安全管控重点,首先利用系统理论过程分析法(STPA)对施工安全风险因素进行定性分析,从人员、物资、管理、技术、环境5个维度构建了强涌潮区管袋围堰施工安全风险指标体系;然后建立系统动力学(SD)演化模型,并运用网络层次分析法(ANP)确定各指标权重;最后结合工程实例进行模拟仿真。结果表明:随着工程推进以及对安全投入的逐步增加,管袋围堰施工安全风险水平呈现出先大幅上升,后逐步下降,最终趋于平缓的趋势;人员、物资是清基和吹填期影响施工安全的主要因素,而在排水和维护期,环境、管理是主要影响因素;人员、管理和环境这三因素对安全投入变化更为敏感。建议在施工过程中重视不同阶段之间的管控重点差异,及时转换管理策略并采取针对性措施以有效降低施工安全风险。

深水硬质岩嵌入式承台无封底施工关键技术

深水嵌入式承台基础施工中,需将泥面开挖至封底混凝土以下并对基底进行清理,以保证封底混凝土的高度和浇筑质量。对于地质条件良好的硬质岩,存在开挖困难、水下作业工期长、质量控制难、施工成本高等问题。该文依托重庆嘉华轨道专用桥主墩承台施工,采用理论分析、数值计算和工程实施验证相结合的方法,形成一种深水硬质岩嵌入式承台无封底施工技术。该施工技术,采用开挖壁体基槽并浇筑基槽混凝土的方式取代大体积封底混凝土,达到为承台施工提供干作业环境的目的,可将承台范围内基坑开挖由水下作业转为干作业,缩短水下开挖作业工期,节约水下混凝土用量,提高施工质量和施工效率,降低施工成本。