Mechanical properties and low cycle fatigue are two factors that must be considered in developin gnew type steel for shock absorption. Process capability and process control are significant factors in achieving the pu...Mechanical properties and low cycle fatigue are two factors that must be considered in developin gnew type steel for shock absorption. Process capability and process control are significant factors in achieving the purpose of research and development programs. Often-used evaluation methods failed to measure processyield and process centering ; so this paper uses Taguchi loss function as basis to establish an evaluation methodand the steps for assessing the quality of mechanical properties and process control of an iron and steel manu-facturer. The establishment of this method can serve the research and development and manufacturing industry and lay a foundation in enhancing its process control ability to select better manufacturing processes that are more reliable than decision making by using the other commonly used methods.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of carbachol on gastrointestinal function in a dog model of oral resuscitation for burn shock. METHODS: Twenty Beagle dogs with intubation of the carotid artery, jugular vein and jejunum...AIM: To investigate the effect of carbachol on gastrointestinal function in a dog model of oral resuscitation for burn shock. METHODS: Twenty Beagle dogs with intubation of the carotid artery, jugular vein and jejunum for 24 h were subjected to 35% total body surface area fullthickness burns, and were divided into three groups: no fluid resuscitation (NR, n = 10), in which animals did not receive fluid by any means in the first 24 h postburn; oral fluid resuscitation (OR, n = 8), in which dogs were gavaged with glucose-electrolyte solution (GES) with volume and rate consistent with the Parkland formula; and oral fluid with carbachol group (OR/CAR, n = 8), in which dogs were gavaged with GES containing carbachol (20 μg/kg), with the same volume and rate as the OR group. Twenty-four hours after burns, all animals were given intravenous fluid replacement, and 72 h after injury, they received nutritional support. Hemodynamicand gastrointestinal parameters were measured serially with animals in conscious and cooperative state. RESULTS: The mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and plasma volume dropped markedly, and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion was reduced obviously after the burn injury in all the three groups. Hemodynamic parameters and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion in the OR and OR/CAR groups were promoted to pre-injury level at 48 and 72 h, respectively, while hemodynamic parameters in the NR group did not return to pre-injury level till 72 h, and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion remained lower than pre-injury level until 120 h post-burn. CO 2 of the gastric mucosa and intestinal mucosa blood flow of OR/CAR groups were 56.4 ± 4.7 mmHg and 157.7 ± 17.7 blood perfusion units (BPU) at 24 h postburn, respectively, which were significantly superior to those in the OR group (65.8 ± 5.8 mmHg and 127.7 ± 11.9 BPU, respectively, all P < 0.05). Gastric emptying and intestinal absorption rates of GES were significantly reduced to the lowest level (52.8% and 23.7% of pre-injury levels) in the OR group at about 2 and 4 h post-burn, and did not return to 80% of pre-injury level until 24 h. In the first 24 h postburn, the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal water absorption were elevated by a mean 15.7% and 11.5%, respectively, in the OR/CAR group compared with the OR group. At 5 days, the mortality in the NR group was 30% (3/10), 12.5% in the OR group (1/8), and none in the OR/CAR group. CONCLUSION: Carbachol had a beneficial effect on oral resuscitation of burn shock by promoting gastric emptying and intestinal absorption in our canine model.展开更多
The velocity variation law of shock wave induced by millisecond-nanosecond combined-pulse laser has been investigated experimentally. The pulse delay and laser energy are important experimental variables. The method o...The velocity variation law of shock wave induced by millisecond-nanosecond combined-pulse laser has been investigated experimentally. The pulse delay and laser energy are important experimental variables. The method of laser shadowgraphy is used in the experiment.Experimental results show that when the pulse delay is 2.4 ms, the ms and ns laser energy density is 301 J cm^(-2) and 12 J cm^(-2), respectively, the velocity of shock wave is 1.09 times faster than that induced by single ns pulse laser. It is inferred that the shock wave propagates in the plasma is faster than that in air. When the ms and ns laser energy density is 414.58 and 24 J cm^(-2), the velocity of shock wave shows rising trend with pulse delay in a range of 1.4 ms>Δt> 0.8 ms. It is indicated that with the increase of ns laser energy, the laser energy absorbed by laser-supported absorption wave increases. The mechanism of inverse bremsstrahlung absorption acts with target surface absorption simultaneously during the ns laser irradiation. Thus, the phenomenon of the double shock wave is induced. The numerical results of the phenomenon were accordance with experiment. The results of this research can provide a reference for the field of laser propulsion.展开更多
文摘Mechanical properties and low cycle fatigue are two factors that must be considered in developin gnew type steel for shock absorption. Process capability and process control are significant factors in achieving the purpose of research and development programs. Often-used evaluation methods failed to measure processyield and process centering ; so this paper uses Taguchi loss function as basis to establish an evaluation methodand the steps for assessing the quality of mechanical properties and process control of an iron and steel manu-facturer. The establishment of this method can serve the research and development and manufacturing industry and lay a foundation in enhancing its process control ability to select better manufacturing processes that are more reliable than decision making by using the other commonly used methods.
基金Supported by The Special Foundation of the 11th five-yearPlan for Military Medical Projects, No. 06Z055
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of carbachol on gastrointestinal function in a dog model of oral resuscitation for burn shock. METHODS: Twenty Beagle dogs with intubation of the carotid artery, jugular vein and jejunum for 24 h were subjected to 35% total body surface area fullthickness burns, and were divided into three groups: no fluid resuscitation (NR, n = 10), in which animals did not receive fluid by any means in the first 24 h postburn; oral fluid resuscitation (OR, n = 8), in which dogs were gavaged with glucose-electrolyte solution (GES) with volume and rate consistent with the Parkland formula; and oral fluid with carbachol group (OR/CAR, n = 8), in which dogs were gavaged with GES containing carbachol (20 μg/kg), with the same volume and rate as the OR group. Twenty-four hours after burns, all animals were given intravenous fluid replacement, and 72 h after injury, they received nutritional support. Hemodynamicand gastrointestinal parameters were measured serially with animals in conscious and cooperative state. RESULTS: The mean arterial pressure, cardiac output and plasma volume dropped markedly, and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion was reduced obviously after the burn injury in all the three groups. Hemodynamic parameters and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion in the OR and OR/CAR groups were promoted to pre-injury level at 48 and 72 h, respectively, while hemodynamic parameters in the NR group did not return to pre-injury level till 72 h, and gastrointestinal tissue perfusion remained lower than pre-injury level until 120 h post-burn. CO 2 of the gastric mucosa and intestinal mucosa blood flow of OR/CAR groups were 56.4 ± 4.7 mmHg and 157.7 ± 17.7 blood perfusion units (BPU) at 24 h postburn, respectively, which were significantly superior to those in the OR group (65.8 ± 5.8 mmHg and 127.7 ± 11.9 BPU, respectively, all P < 0.05). Gastric emptying and intestinal absorption rates of GES were significantly reduced to the lowest level (52.8% and 23.7% of pre-injury levels) in the OR group at about 2 and 4 h post-burn, and did not return to 80% of pre-injury level until 24 h. In the first 24 h postburn, the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal water absorption were elevated by a mean 15.7% and 11.5%, respectively, in the OR/CAR group compared with the OR group. At 5 days, the mortality in the NR group was 30% (3/10), 12.5% in the OR group (1/8), and none in the OR/CAR group. CONCLUSION: Carbachol had a beneficial effect on oral resuscitation of burn shock by promoting gastric emptying and intestinal absorption in our canine model.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (No. 20200201194JC)the Education Department of Jilin Province (No. JJKH20200735KJ)National Natural Science Youth Science Fund Project (No. 62005023)。
文摘The velocity variation law of shock wave induced by millisecond-nanosecond combined-pulse laser has been investigated experimentally. The pulse delay and laser energy are important experimental variables. The method of laser shadowgraphy is used in the experiment.Experimental results show that when the pulse delay is 2.4 ms, the ms and ns laser energy density is 301 J cm^(-2) and 12 J cm^(-2), respectively, the velocity of shock wave is 1.09 times faster than that induced by single ns pulse laser. It is inferred that the shock wave propagates in the plasma is faster than that in air. When the ms and ns laser energy density is 414.58 and 24 J cm^(-2), the velocity of shock wave shows rising trend with pulse delay in a range of 1.4 ms>Δt> 0.8 ms. It is indicated that with the increase of ns laser energy, the laser energy absorbed by laser-supported absorption wave increases. The mechanism of inverse bremsstrahlung absorption acts with target surface absorption simultaneously during the ns laser irradiation. Thus, the phenomenon of the double shock wave is induced. The numerical results of the phenomenon were accordance with experiment. The results of this research can provide a reference for the field of laser propulsion.
