The Ultimate Anti-Seismic System

In general, of construction projects, utility anti-seismic technologies, such as hydraulic tie rod or tie rod structural vibration control system, assess efficiency and safety in node structures from earthquakes risk. According the building construction framework, we exanimate, with experiments, the mechanism of reaction and a patent idea of anti-seismic system with potential conclusions, through using different methods, such as of horizontal seismic insulation, design with elongated rigid columns and design columns without ductility. We provide that we made strong foundation in earthquakes, solar-wind and utility power structural systems and tornados effects in lightweight constructions. We suggest that may fix to existing or under design construction like bridges.

The Ultimate Anti-Seismic Design Method

The design mechanisms and methods of the invention are intended to minimize problems related to the safety of structures in the event of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, tornadoes, and strong winds. It is achieved by controlling the deformations of the structure. Damage and deformation are closely related concepts since the control of deformations also controls the damage. The design method of applying artificial compression to the ends of all longitudinal reinforced concrete walls and, at the same time, connecting the ends of the walls to the ground using ground anchors placed at the depths of the boreholes, transfers the inertial stresses of the structure in the ground, which reacts as an external force in the structure’s response to seismic displacements. The wall with the artificial compression acquires dynamic, larger active cross-section and high axial and torsional stiffness, preventing all failures caused by inelastic deformation. By connecting the ends of all walls to the ground, we control the eigenfrequency of the structure and the ground during each seismic loading cycle, preventing inelastic displacements. At the same time, we ensure the strong bearing capacity of the foundation soil and the structure. By designing the walls correctly and placing them in proper locations, we prevent the torsional flexural buckling that occurs in asymmetrical floor plans, and metal and tall structures. Compression of the wall sections at the ends and their anchoring to the ground mitigates the transfer of deformations to the connection nodes, strengthens the wall section in terms of base shear force and shear stress of the sections, and increases the strength of the cross-sections to the tensile at the ends of the walls by introducing counteractive forces. The use of tendons within the ducts prevents longitudinal shear in the overlay concrete, while anchoring the walls to the foundation not only dissipates inertial forces to the ground but also prevents rotation of the walls, thus maintaining the structural integrity of the beams. The prestressing at the bilateral ends of the walls restores the structure to its original position even inelastic displacements by closing the opening of the developing cracks.

“3 Degrees and 8 Combinations” Teaching Mode of Anti-Seismic Design of Building Structures

Earthquakes pose a significant threat to people’s property and personal safety.Improving the teaching of civil engineering and building structure anti-seismic design courses can enable students to do a good job in anti-seismic design in the future and effectively reduce the damage on buildings caused by earthquakes.In this paper,we analyzed the basic characteristics of a course in civil engineering major,which is Anti-Seismic Design of Building Structures,and the shortcomings of traditional teaching.It is proposed that the 3-degrees and 8-combinations teaching mode of anti-seismic design of building structures can effectively improve students’autonomy and enthusiasm in learning,helps to cultivate professional ethics among students,and improve their ability to apply what they have learned.

Construction of Teaching Case Base of Anti-Seismic Design of Building Structure

Anti-Seismic Design of Building Structures is an important course in civil engineering majors,and it is also a course that pays equal attention to theory and practice.Therefore,by establishing a case base for Anti-Seismic Design of Building Structures,the obscure theoretical knowledge can be taught to students in the form of examples,and the knowledge becomes intuitive.In this way,the students’understanding of anti-seismic design theory and the efficiency of teaching can be improved,and the students’interest in learning can be stimulated.

Anti-seismic Value of Watchtower-like Folk Residence on the Central Plain of China by the Insinuation of Typical Cases

Through the survey of ancient residences on the Central Plain of China, several ancient residences have been selected as typical cases. By combining with residential features of watchtower, characteristics of these residences have been analyzed carefully. In order to reasonably illustrate anti-seismic value of watchtower-like residences, their characteristics have been concluded in the perspective of plane form, structural arrangement, and anti-seismic construction measures. The plane form is of tower; the plane and vertical surfaces are regular and even; the wall's thickness is reasonable, and doors and windows are few and small; and bonded stone has been set in the wall, resisting compression.

Anti-seismic behavior of HRB400 reinforced steel bars

The properties of anti-seismic HRB400 steel bars with 25 mm diameter were systematically investigated. The results showed that the properties of the HRB400 reinforced steel bars had been greatly enhanced comparing with HRB335 steel bars, i.e. coordination of strength and ductility, strain-aging sensibility, low temperature impact toughness, weld ability and high strain low cycle fatigue. The ductile-brittle transit temperatures of hot-rolled and strain-aged steel bars were evaluated as –17 °C and ?8 °C respectively, and the low temperature impact toughness of HRB400 steel bars remains to be improved. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction showed little vanadium existed in ferrite as VN, most of which existed in pearlite as alloy cementite which resulted in the declination of impact toughness. Methods were suggested to improve the anti- seismic properties of steel bars.

Anti-seismic research on nuclear engineering siting

Nuclear engineering belongs to significant project;there is higher requirement on sitings.The study has discussed basic factors of selecting sites,anti-seismic research on sitings including the seismic ground motion,probability methods of seismic hazard analysis as well as interaction about structure and foundation,meanwhile provide the reason for nuclear engineering selecting sites.

金阳河特大桥超高桥墩设计关键技术

金阳河特大桥主桥为(106+2×200+115+40)m连续刚构桥,位于高山峡谷地带,桥址处50年超越概率10%地震烈度7.7度,5~7号主墩分别高113、196、182 m。针对横桥向抗震响应突出且墩高差异大的特点,主墩采用钢管混凝土组合墩,对墩高较大的6号、7号主墩横桥向双侧放坡,各主墩顺桥向尺寸保持恒定以方便施工,梁端设置粘滞阻尼器以实现顺桥向耗能减震;各主墩刚度经匹配设计,控制截面的地震响应达到合理比例。主墩为外包混凝土的四肢钢管混凝土柱及柱间腹板形成的箱形构造,竖向每间隔12 m设置1道钢筋混凝土横隔板;墩梁固结采用钢管混凝土柱置于主梁0号块腹板外侧的连接构造,钢管混凝土柱与承台连接采用承压板+PBL剪力键的构造。大桥整体结构计算结果表明:持久状况和E2地震作用下,钢管混凝土组合墩满足承载能力极限状态要求,主墩墩顶水平位移小于规范规定的变形容许值。主墩施工先安装钢管骨架,再采用液压爬模工艺施工钢管外包层和柱间腹板,研发了多点同步重型提升系统代替大型塔吊,以降低高空作业安全风险,节省施工费用。

强震下城铁高架简支梁桥合理减隔震措施研究

城际铁路(城铁)高架桥是城市交通中的核心枢纽工程。目前对于城铁桥梁抗震设计更多仍是借鉴公路桥梁延性抗震为主,然而规范中城铁桥墩最小体积配箍率和高铁桥墩一致,比公路桥墩的最小体积配箍率要小25%。因此,有必要借鉴高铁桥梁减隔震设计原则,研究城铁桥梁的合理减隔震体系。以某城铁高架三跨32.7m标准跨径简支梁桥为研究对象,首先,提出强震区多种减隔震布置措施,研究各布置措施的本构模型,进而基于OpenSees建立三维城铁高架桥梁弹塑性模型,并对其进行验证;其次,对比分析强震下城铁高架桥梁的多种减隔震措施的减震效果,并提出最优减隔震体系。研究结果表明:强震下球形钢支座、摩擦摆支座均可降低墩底内力和墩顶位移,但无法限制墩梁间相对位移,易落梁,需配合限位装置共同使用,以限制上部结构出现过大的地震位移及缓解强震区竖向地震动作用。采用“球形钢支座+减震卡榫”和“摩擦摆支座+减震卡榫”均可有效限制墩梁间的相对位移,但“球形钢支座+减震卡榫”对墩底内力和墩顶位移的减震效果较差。因此,建议采用“摩擦摆支座+减震卡榫”作为强震区城铁高架桥梁的最优减隔震体系。

脱硝工程中偏心支撑钢结构的应用

脱硝钢结构的框架-中心支撑抗侧力体系有足够抗风需要的结构弹性刚度,在地震作用下,支撑设计不致屈曲则地震力过大,导致结构内力和基础反力过大,结构和基础总体造价偏高。如允许支撑在设防烈度及罕遇地震时屈曲降低地震作用,则支撑屈曲后性能退化,影响它的耗能能力使得结构缺失必要的抗侧刚度,结构有倒塌的安全问题。本文通过脱硝工程框架-偏心支撑体系在钢结构中的应用,论证了该结构体系弹性阶段满足多遇地震下的抗侧刚度和变形能力需求,罕遇地震下其消能梁段在结构中发挥了“保险丝”作用,在主体结构发生屈服前耗散大量的地震能量,避免支撑发生屈服,实现了罕遇地震下主体结构必要的安全要求。偏心支撑体系允许耗能梁段屈曲耗能,较大的减小了设防烈度和罕遇地震下结构的内力和支座反力,可在造价较低下满足结构安全性和经济性需求,说明了在高烈度地区偏心支撑技术在脱硝钢结构上有较好的推广价值。

大跨径曲线钢箱梁空间体系分析

以厦门翔安隧道进出口接线工程为依托,针对大跨径曲线段钢箱梁桥进行了设计研究,分析了简支体系、连续体系和固结体系桥梁的受力特点,从桥梁结构体系和支座间距两个纬度研究了钢结构桥梁的抗倾覆特性,研究了桥梁的抗震受力特点、配筋和支座水平承载力问题,对于类似工程有一定的应用参考价值。

Optimization design of anti-seismic engineering measures for intake tower based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ

High-rise intake towers in high-intensity seismic areas are prone to structural safety problems under vibration.Therefore,effective and low-cost anti-seismic engineering measures must be designed for protection.An intake tower in northwest China was considered the research object,and its natural vibration characteristics and dynamic response were first analyzed using the mode decomposition response spectrum method based on a three-dimensional finite element model.The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II)was adopted to optimize the anti-seismic scheme combination by comprehensively considering the dynamic tower response and variable project cost.Finally,the rationality of the original intake tower antiseismic design scheme was evaluated according to the obtained optimal solution set,and recommendations for improvement were proposed.The method adopted in this study may provide significant references for designing anti-seismic measures for high-rise structures such as intake towers located in high-intensity earthquake areas.

钢支撑框架与剪力墙框架的抗震性能对比分析

剪力墙系统在钢筋混凝土建筑中可起到很好的减轻地震损伤的作用。同样,基于类似的作用机理,集中钢支撑系统也广泛被应用于钢结构建筑中。虽然两种系统都对结构性能有重要影响,但由于不同结构系统的响应系数值不同,两种系统在地震作用下表现出的力学行为也不同。使用有限元软件分别分析了剪力墙系统和钢支撑系统,确定两个模型的力学性能,对比两种系统在地震作用下表现出的不同的力学行为,对同一位置采用剪力墙或钢支撑的钢筋混凝土框架进行了简化数值分析,结果表明两种系统在地震作用下各有优缺点。

济三煤矿坚硬顶板下回采巷道支护系统抗冲击能力分析

煤矿开采面临的煤岩冲击危险直接影响矿井的安全高效生产和工人的生命安全,对现有巷道锚杆支护系统的抗冲击能力提出了更高的要求。以济三煤矿183下05工作面胶运巷为工程背景,结合工作面回采过程中微震监测结果及防冲措施等,采用动静载能量平衡原理和围岩体能量衰减特征相关理论,对不同顶板条件下胶运巷的初始支护强度开展了抗冲击能力分析,并提出了冲击地压巷道支护方案的优化建议,可为类似冲击地压巷道围岩安全稳定控制提供了借鉴和参考。

直接膨胀式制冷机组在核电厂的应用

对直接膨胀式制冷机组在核电厂的应用技术进行研究。从系统、功能、结构、性能、载荷等方面介绍直接膨胀式制冷机组在核电厂通风系统中的设计特点;重点对核级直接膨胀式制冷机组的验证方法进行分析,包括样机选取、性能试验、老化试验、抗震验证、抗爆验证和软件验证。本研究可为核电厂直接膨胀式制冷机组的设计和验证提供依据,保障核电厂冷源的安全性和可靠性。

挡块对斜拉桥横向抗震体系的影响

为探讨挡块限位装置对斜拉桥横向抗震体系的影响,以宁波大榭二桥为工程背景,采用非线性时程法分析比较了三种状况下斜拉桥的结构地震响应,即不考虑挡块的作用、考虑挡块的影响、挡块破坏后的效应等三种情况。研究表明:梁体与挡块的碰撞效应有利于改善斜拉桥在地震作用下的横向受力,降低控制横向设计的锚墩的响应需求;而挡块的破坏则会导致梁体侧向过大的位移,带来结构稳定和疲劳方面的隐患;通过在边墩和锚墩设置粘滞阻尼器可以改善结构的受力、限制梁体的侧移并使支座免于破坏,但增加了设计困难和建设造价,而设置足够强度的挡块值得推荐。

磁悬浮控制棒驱动线抗震试验研究

为验证设备的稳定性、可靠性以及在极端条件下的安全功能,在地震模拟振动台上,采用一组控制棒驱动线实物作为足尺模型,进行了控制棒驱动线的抗震试验研究。得到了不同的地震输入对控制棒驱动线落棒时间的影响;测量了运行安全地震(SL-1)、极限安全地震(SL-2)水平下,控制棒驱动线的加速度响应值和应变值;验证了不同工况下控制棒驱动线的安全功能。试验数据表明,该驱动线在运行基准地震(OBE)、安全停堆地震(SSE)工况下,均能保持结构的完整性,并能实现运行功能。

大跨度三塔斜拉桥减震措施研究

研究目的：为探讨大跨度三塔斜拉桥的减震措施，本文以武汉二七长江大桥为实际工程背景，研究桥梁结构体系和附加液体粘滞阻尼器对该桥抗震性能的影响。基于非线性动力时程分析，研究桥梁采用支承体系、漂浮体系、刚构体系下的地震响应；对液体粘滞阻尼器的阻尼系数C和阻尼指数a进行参数敏感性分析。研究结论：（1）3种结构体系下主塔及主梁的内力、变形各有优劣，从结构在地震作用下的整体变形及受力角度上考虑，支承体系是适合于大跨度三塔斜拉桥的结构体系；（2）减震效果对速度指数Ot较为敏感，当O／为0．3—0．5时阻尼器的减震效果较好，综合结构的内力、位移响应，二七长江大桥合理的阻尼器参数为：阻尼系数C为5000kN／（m·s^-1）^a，阻尼指数α／为0．3；（3）本研究成果可为类似大跨度三塔斜拉桥的减震设计提供参考。

华龙一号反应堆冷却剂系统抗震设计关键技术

华龙一号是满足三代核电技术指标要求的自主化百万千瓦压水堆核电机组,其抗震能力达到0.3g。为达到该抗震指标,对反应堆冷却剂系统在关键设备结构加强及优化、管道破前漏技术应用、抗震载荷分配精细化计算、抗震设计标准化、抗震裕度评价等方面开展了关键技术研究,建立了一套抗震能力提升的策略,完成了华龙一号反应堆冷却剂系统抗震优化和评估工作。相关技术已在华龙批量生产堆型中得以应用。

多级递阶工程系统抗地震设计整体优化的计算实现

针对多级递阶工程系统结构特点 ,以结构设防烈度为优化指标、抗地震设计为工程背景 ,本文建立该系统整体优化的计算方法体系并付诸实现。首先 ,提出大系统整体与局部划分概念 ,从基元系统出发 ,建立有效的离散型最优化方法和算法 ,形成方法体系的基础层次 ;其次 ,根据该系统逻辑分布 ,提出整体优化的耦合法与分解法 ,构成方法体系的上一层次 ;最后 ,通过该系统本体描述数据设计 ,开发了通用分析程序 ,大量运算校验了它们的速度。