Review of advanced road materials, structures, equipment, and detection technologies

As a vital and integral component of transportation infrastructure,pavement has a direct and tangible impact on socio-economic sustainability.In recent years,an influx of groundbreaking and state-of-the-art materials,structures,equipment,and detection technologies related to road engineering have continually and progressively emerged,reshaping the landscape of pavement systems.There is a pressing and growing need for a timely summarization of the current research status and a clear identification of future research directions in these advanced and evolving technologies.Therefore,Journal of Road Engineering has undertaken the significant initiative of introducing a comprehensive review paper with the overarching theme of“advanced road materials,structures,equipment,and detection technologies”.This extensive and insightful review meticulously gathers and synthesizes research findings from 39 distinguished scholars,all of whom are affiliated with 19 renowned universities or research institutions specializing in the diverse and multidimensional field of highway engineering.It covers the current state and anticipates future development directions in the four major and interconnected domains of road engineering:advanced road materials,advanced road structures and performance evaluation,advanced road construction equipment and technology,and advanced road detection and assessment technologies.

Development of Mining Technology and Equipment for Seafloor Massive Sulfide Deposits

Seafloor massive sulfide（SMS） deposits which consist of Au, Ag, Cu, and other metal elements, have been a target of commercial mining in recent decades. The demand for established and reliable commercial mining system for SMS deposits is increasing within the marine mining industry. The current status and progress of mining technology and equipment for SMS deposits are introduced. First, the mining technology and other recent developments of SMS deposits are comprehensively explained and analyzed. The seafloor production tools manufactured by Nautilus Minerals and similar mining tools from Japan for SMS deposits are compared and discussed in turn. Second, SMS deposit mining technology research being conducted in China is described, and a new SMS deposits mining tool is designed according to the environmental requirement. Finally, some new trends of mining technology of SMS deposits are summarized and analyzed. All of these conclusions and results have reference value and guiding significance for the research of SMS deposit mining in China.

A review of intelligent ore sorting technology and equipment development

Under the background of increasingly scarce ore worldwide and increasingly fierce market competition,developing the mining industry could be strongly restricted.Intelligent ore sorting equipment not only improves ore use and enhances the economic benefits of enterprises but also increases the ore grade and lessens the grinding cost and tailings production.However,long-term research on intelligent ore sorting equipment found that the factors affecting sorting efficiency mainly include ore information identification technology,equipment sorting actuator,and information processing algorithm.The high precision,strong anti-interference capability,and high speed of these factors guarantee the separation efficiency of intelligent ore sorting equipment.Color ore sorter,X-ray ore transmission sorter,dual-energy X-ray transmission ore sorter,X-ray fluorescence ore sorter,and near-infrared ore sorter have been successfully developed in accordance with the different characteristics of minerals while ensuring the accuracy of equipment sorting and improving the equipment sorting efficiency.With the continuous improvement of mine automation level,the application of online element rapid analysis technology with high speed,high precision,and strong anti-interference capability in intelligent ore sorting equipment will become an inevitable trend of equipment development in the future.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,transientγneutron activation analysis,online Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques will promote the development of ore sorting equipment.In addition,the improvement and joint application of additional high-speed and high-precision operation algorithms(such as peak area,principal component analysis,artificial neural network,partial least squares,and Monte Carlo library least squares methods)are an essential part of the development of intelligent ore sorting equipment in the future.

INTRODUCTION TO NEW TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENTS IN PINGGUO ALUMINA REFINERY

The new technology and equipments used in alumina refinery in PINGGUO ALUMINUM COMPANY were introduced. Problems encountered during early period of its operation and improvements to the process and equipments were discussed. Current opemtion situation and pedect technical and economical figures were also introduced.

Adhere to the direction of detailization in CC technology and equipment

Since the excessive capacity in steelmaking and continuous casting at present,and the limited development margin of CC technology and equipment in scale,the further development must be made in a profound and detailized way.This paper enumerates the items of CC technology and equipment,which need to be detailized from several aspects such as roll arrangement design,equipment design and production operation,and it points out that detailization is the future direction of CC technology and equipment.The items in roll arrangement design include eliminating periodic meniscus fluctuation by adjusting space between rolls reasonably;taking special measures to avoid dangerous regions of casting speed,in order to reduce the center porosity and centerline crack of slab;optimizing the major radius and the length of outer arc of caster before straightening point to avoid dangerous region of casting speed.The items in equipment design include choosing a suitable structure of support and guiding roll according to the concrete conditions of caster;according to bulging shape of slab,thinking more about restriction of shell to bulging force, discussing the force on rollers,optimizing split roll to support slab;safety factor should be considered together with calculation method of the bearing nominal static load.The items in aspects of continuous casting operation include the delicacy division and the function-positioning of operation modes for CC machine due to the consideration of dynamic soft reduction;monitoring and controlling system of CC machine must be further detailized to improve the stability of production operation and slab quality.In addition to the three aspects mentioned above,this article points out many other items also,such as homogenization of secondary cooling of slab,quality control of surface and internal of slab,and so on.This article emphasizes,some key technologies need to be researched also,and all these researches will never stop.

Analysis on Technology Roadmap of Agricultural Equipment Industry in Chongqing

Since the subsidizing agricultural machine purchase was launched in 2004,the agriculture equipment industry in Chongqing has progressed by leaps and bounds,but it is still faced with a few urgent problems,which requires the coordination of stakeholders,with an aim to establish a clear direction of the development of industry and a technology route. With planting industry as an example,this paper applies the principle and method of industry technology roadmap to analyse the market demand,industry target,technology barrier and R & D demand of agricultural equipment industry in Chongqing. Based on the results,the top technology R & D items of agricultural equipment industry in Chongqing are obtained. Finally,the following suggestions are put forward: integrating resources,constructing platform and improving innovation ability; constructing agricultural industry park and promoting clustered development of agricultural equipment industry; strengthening finance and taxation support; strengthening construction of agricultural mechanization infrastructure; substantially developing socialized service of agricultural machinery.

Study on Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology Coordinating Innovation

As the material foundation of agriculture modernization, the modernization level of agricultural equipment and technology is the significant signal of agricultural modernization, and the advancement of agricultural modernization is the important content of building a well-off society in an all-around way. Upgrading key technology research ability and promoting agricultural mechanization and industry development not only can shorten the gap between agricultural development level in China and that in developed countries, but also can advance the modernization process of China.

An Improved Biometric Fuzzy Signature with Timestamp of Blockchain Technology for Electrical Equipment Maintenance

The power infrastructure of the power system is massive in size and dispersed throughout the system.Therefore,how to protect the information security in the operation and maintenance of power equipment is a difficult problem.This paper proposes an improved time-stamped blockchain technology biometric fuzzy feature for electrical equipment maintenance.Compared with previous blockchain transactions,the time-stamped fuzzy biometric signature proposed in this paper overcomes the difficulty that the key is easy to be stolen by hackers and can protect the security of information during operation and maintenance.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.

Application and Analysis of Advanced Manufacturing Technology in Track Equipment Manufacturing Industry

With the rapid development of global transportation track equipment, the running speed of modern rail transit equipment keeps refreshing records. High-speed EMUs, inter-city EMUs and urban rail vehicles have become the main types of domestic passenger transport vehicles, especially the lightweight production and manufacture of high-speed EMUs and urban rail vehicles, which are the main topics of railway transport modernization research and discussion. Track manufacturing is a successful example of China's industrial transformation and strategic restructuring through systematic innovation since the reform and opening up. In this paper, the application of some advanced manufacturing technologies in the track equipment manufacturing industry and the opportunities and challenges faced by the whole track equipment manufacturing industry were mainly studied, hoping to provide some help for the development of the track equipment manufacturing industry in China.

Key Points of Installation Technology and Analysis of Energy Saving Measures on HVAC Equipment

HVAC equipment is very concerned in the current equipment operation process.Its safety,reliability and comfort will have a greater impact on the production and life of common people.In some projects,there are some problems in the installation of HVAC equipment,such as imperfect installation scheme,low installation quality and random selection of equipment parameters.These seriously affect the normal operation of the equipment,and it is not easy to achieve energy saving of HVAC equipment.In the future installation of HVAC equipment,it is necessary to continuously optimize the HVAC equipment installation system,fully compare the reliability and feasibility of the equipment installation scheme,and strengthen the application of energy-saving technology of HVAC equipment.In this way,the use cost of the equipment can be reduced and the comprehensive quality of the equipment can be improved.Therefore,this paper discusses this further and puts forward reasonable suggestions.

Development of welding technology of hydroelectric power equipment

Hydroelectric power equipment consists of a hydro-turbine and a hydrogenerator whose weldments have the features of complicated construction and large bulk as well as some parts operating under water. With the increase of unit rating of the hydroelectric power equipment, the application field of high strength steel and dissimilar steel has been enlarged. What to be introduced in this paper is the development of the welding technology of large hydroelectric generating equipment in China since the 1970s, and the development orientation of its welding construction and procedure in the future.

Meet the 1st International Conference on Hydropower Technology & Key Equipment 2006 in the golden autumn of Beijing

Co-hosted by China Society for Hydropower Engineering and China Three Gorges Project Corporation, co-organized by China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Corporation , SINOHYDRO Corporation, China Gezhouba (Group) Corporation and China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, organized by China Electric Power Information Center Beijing Zhongdianqiuzhen T&DCo., Ltd., supported by State Electricity Regulatory Commission of China, State Grid Corporation of China, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., China

Laser Technology and Equipment

5W CW Diode-Pumped Solid-State Green Laser；QCW Diode-Pumped Solid-State Green Laser；High Beam Quality Diode-Pumped In-Frared Laser；High Beam Quality Diode-Pumped Infrared Laser；QCW Diode-Pumped Solid-State UV Laser；

Problems Involving New Technology Application for Environmental Protection Equipment

The numerous environmental protection equipments for desulfuration,denitration,and precipitation have been installed in the domestic coal-fired power plants,while the investment and energy consumption of the units increase correspondingly.To reduce the operational cost and initial investment as much as possible,the working processes of the environmental protection equipments are optimized in the design and some new technologies are adopted for energy saving.These technologies include the SCR,SNCR,combined SCR and SNCR for denitration device,system without gas-gas heater design for desulfuration,desulfuration system without bypass,booster fan and induced draft fan integrated,stack and cooling tower integrated and so on.However,such measures may cause some new problems during the operation of the equipment.The problems are summarized and analyzed thoroughly and the feasible methods are provided to solve them,which could decrease the operational risk of units.The present discussion can also improve the further design of environmental protection equipments to ensure the long-term steady operation of the units.

The personal protective equipment(PPE)based on individual combat:A systematic review and trend analysis

With the development of ordnance technology,the survival and safety of individual combatants in hightech warfare are under serious threat,and the Personal Protective Equipment(PPE),as an important guarantee to reduce casualties and maintain military combat effectiveness,is widely developed.This paper systematically reviewed various PPE based on individual combat through literature research and comprehensive discussion,and introduced in detail the latest application progress of PPE in terms of material and technology from three aspects:individual integrated protection system,traditional protection equipment,and intelligent protection equipment,respectively,and discussed in depth the functional improvement and optimization status brought by advanced technology for PPE,focusing on the achievements of individual equipment technology application.Finally,the problems and technical bottlenecks in the development of PPE were analyzed and summarized,and the development trend of PPE were pointed out.The results of the review will provide a forward-looking reference for the current development of individual PPE,and are important guidance for the design and technological innovation of advanced equipment based on the future technological battlefield.

STUDY ON CONTACTING MELTING AND ANTI-SKID TECHNOLOGY FOR A TIRE TRACTION ON ICE

Theoretical analyses and experimental studies of the mechanisms of melting film formation are performed. The results show that frictional heating is the dominant mechanism because temperature behaves in the manner predicted by the theory of frictional heating. A study of the active technology for anti-skid is also made. Conclusions indicate that adjusting tire pneumatic pressure can improve the control stability and the travelling safety of an ice-automobile.

An Intelligent Control Method for the Low-Carbon Operation of Energy-Intensive Equipment

Based on an analysis of the operational control behavior of operation experts on energy-intensive equipment,this paper proposes an intelligent control method for low-carbon operation by combining mechanism analysis with deep learning,linking control and optimization with prediction,and integrating decision-making with control.This method,which consists of setpoint control,self-optimized tuning,and tracking control,ensures that the energy consumption per tonne is as low as possible,while remaining within the target range.An intelligent control system for low-carbon operation is developed by adopting the end-edge-cloud collaboration technology of the Industrial Internet.The system is successfully applied to a fused magnesium furnace and achieves remarkable results in reducing carbon emissions.

Technological Innovation Efficiency Evaluation of Equipment Manufacturing Industry--An Empirical Study of Shandong Province in China

Based on the statistical data of eight sub-sectors of equipment manufacturing industry in Shandong province from 2012-2016,DEA and Malmquist index were used to give the static and dynamic evaluation of technological innovation efficiency.The results show that the overall technological innovation efficiency of Shandong equipment manufacturing industry is higher due to the high pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.As the technical regress and inefficient allocation of resources deepened,the total factor productivity of Shandong equipment manufacturing industry presents a dropped tendency.According to the innovation efficiency and its changes,different industries should adopt the specific development strategies.