Fiber optic monitoring of an anti-slide pile in a retrogressive landslide

Anti-slide piles are one of the most important reinforcement structures against landslides,and evalu-ating the working conditions is of great significance for landslide mitigation.The widely adopted analytical methods of pile internal forces include cantilever beam method and elastic foundation beam method.However,due to many assumptions involved in calculation,the analytical models cannot be fully applicable to complex site situations,e.g.landslides with multi-sliding surfaces and pile-soil interface separation as discussed herein.In view of this,the combination of distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)and strain-internal force conversion methods was proposed to evaluate the working conditions of an anti-sliding pile in a typical retrogressive landslide in the Three Gorges reservoir area,China.Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry(BOTDR)was utilized to monitor the strain distri-bution along the pile.Next,by analyzing the relative deformation between the pile and its adjacent inclinometer,the pile-soil interface separation was profiled.Finally,the internal forces of the anti-slide pile were derived based on the strain-internal force conversion method.According to the ratio of calculated internal forces to the design values,the working conditions of the anti-slide pile could be evaluated.The results demonstrated that the proposed method could reveal the deformation pattern of the anti-slide pile system,and can quantitatively evaluate its working conditions.

Centrifuge and numerical modeling of h-type anti-slide pile reinforced soil-rock mixture slope

Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture slope.In this paper,a centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the stress distribution of the h-type anti-slide pile and the evolution process of soil arching during the loading.A numerical simulation model was built based on the similar relationship between the centrifuge model and the prototype to investigate the influence factors of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness,and some recommendations were proposed for its application.The results show that the bending moment distribution of the rear pile exhibits Wshaped,while for the front pile,its distribution resembles V-shaped.The soil arching evolution process during loading is gradually dissipated from bottom to top and from far to near.During the loading,the change of bending moment can be divided into three stages,namely,the stabilization stage,the slow growth stage,and the rapid growth stage.In engineering projects,the recommended values of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness are 4.0d,2.0d,and 2.0EI,where d and EI are the diameter and bending stiffness of the h-type anti-slide pile respectively.

Anchoring Depth Research of Anti-Slide Piles of Anchor Bar in Soil

The model test result of earth force in the side of anti-slide pile of anchor bars was introduced.There are three groups of the tests.The loads were on the back side of the slope in two groups.The other one was loaded just behind the pile by the jack.In order to get the force of the soil,some earth-pressure boxes were used to get the earth pressure on the side of the piles.The part of the max pressure and the earth pressure was mainly focused under the slip line

Interval finite element method and its application on anti-slide stability analysis

The problem of interval correlation results in interval extension is discussed by the relationship of interval-valued functions and real-valued functions. The methods of reducing interval extension are given. Based on the ideas of the paper, the formulas of sub-interval perturbed finite element method based on the elements are given. The sub-interval amount is discussed and the approximate computation formula is given. At the same time, the computational precision is discussed and some measures of improving computational efficiency are given. Finally, based on sub-interval perturbed finite element method and anti-slide stability analysis method, the formula for computing the bounds of stability factor is given. It provides a basis for estimating and evaluating reasonably anti-slide stability of structures.

Shaking table test for reinforcement of soil slope with multiple sliding surfaces by reinforced double-row anti-slide piles

Despite the continuous advancements of engineering construction in high-intensity areas,many engineering landslides are still manufactured with huge thrust force,and double-row piles are effective to control such large landslides.In this study,large shaking table test were performed to test and obtain multi-attribute seismic data such as feature image,acceleration,and dynamic soil pressure.Through the feature image processing analysis,the deformation characteristics for the slope reinforced by double-row piles were revealed.By analyzing the acceleration and the dynamic soil pressure time domain,the spatial dynamic response characteristics were revealed.Using Fast Fourier Transform and half-power bandwidth,the damping ratio of acceleration and dynamic soil pressure was obtained.Following that,the Seism Signal was used to calculate the spectral displacement of the accelerations to obtain the regional differences of spectral displacement.The results showed that the overall deformation mechanism of the slope originates from tension failure in the soil mass.The platform at the back of the slope was caused by seismic subsidence,and the peak acceleration ratio was positively correlated with the relative pile heights.The dynamic soil pressure of the front row piles showed an inverted"K"-shaped distribution,but that of the back row piles showed an"S"-shaped distribution.The predominant frequency of acceleration was 2.16 Hz,and the main frequency band was 0.7-6.87 Hz;for dynamic soil pressure,the two parameters became 1.15 Hz and 0.5-6.59 Hz,respectively.In conclusion,dynamic soil pressure was more sensitive to dampening effects than acceleration.Besides,compared to acceleration,dynamic soil pressure exhibited larger loss factors and lower resonance peaks.Finally,back row pile heads were highly sensitive to spectral displacement compared to front row pile heads.These findings may be of reference value for future seismic designs of double-row piles.

New method of designing anti-slide piles——the strength reduction FEM

At present,the thrust of an anti-slide pile can be worked out with some calculation methods. However,the resistance in front of the pile,the distributions of resistance and thrust,and appropriate pile length cannot be easily obtained. In this paper,the authors applied the strength-reduction finite element method (FEM) to several design cases of anti-slide piles. Using this method,it is possible to take the pile-soil interactions into consideration,obtain reasonable resistance in front of pile and the distributions of thrust and resistance,and reasonable lengths of anti-slide piles. In particular,the thrust and resistance imposed on embedded anti-slide piles can be calculated and composite anti-slide pile structures such as anchored piles and braced piles can be optimized. It is proved through the calculation examples that this method is more reliable and economical in the design of anti-slide pile.

Research on Energy Efficiency Characteristics of Mining Shovel Hoisting and Slewing System Driven by Hydraulic-Electric Hybrid System

Mining shovel is a crucial piece of equipment for high-efficiency production in open-pit mining and stands as one of the largest energy consumption sources in mining.However,substantial energy waste occurs during the descent of the hoisting system or the deceleration of the slewing platform.To reduce the energy loss,an innovative hydrau-lic-electric hybrid drive system is proposed,in which a hydraulic pump/motor connected with an accumulator is added to assist the electric motor to drive the hoisting system or slewing platform,recycling kinetic and potential energy.The utilization of the kinetic and potential energy reduces the energy loss and installed power of the min-ing shovel.Meanwhile,the reliability of the mining shovel pure electric drive system also can be increased.In this paper,the hydraulic-electric hybrid driving principle is introduced,a small-scale testbed is set up to verify the feasibil-ity of the system,and a co-simulation model of the proposed system is established to clarify the system operation and energy characteristics.The test and simulation results show that,by adopting the proposed system,compared with the traditional purely electric driving system,the peak power and energy consumption of the hoisting electric motor are reduced by 36.7%and 29.7%,respectively.Similarly,the slewing electric motor experiences a significant decrease in peak power by 86.9%and a reduction in energy consumption by 59.4%.The proposed system expands the application area of the hydraulic electric hybrid drive system and provides a reference for its application in over-sized and super heavy equipment.

Sensitivity analysis of factors affecting gravity dam anti-sliding stability along a foundation surface using Sobol method

The anti-sliding stability of a gravity dam along its foundation surface is a key problem in the design of gravity dams.In this study,a sensitivity analysis framework was proposed for investigating the factors affecting gravity dam anti-sliding stability along the foundation surface.According to the design specifications,the loads and factors affecting the stability of a gravity dam were comprehensively selected.Afterwards,the sensitivity of the factors was preliminarily analyzed using the Sobol method with Latin hypercube sampling.Then,the results of the sensitivity analysis were verified with those obtained using the Garson method.Finally,the effects of different sampling methods,probability distribution types of factor samples,and ranges of factor values on the analysis results were evaluated.A case study of a typical gravity dam in Yunnan Province of China showed that the dominant factors affecting the gravity dam anti-sliding stability were the anti-shear cohesion,upstream and downstream water levels,anti-shear friction coefficient,uplift pressure reduction coefficient,concrete density,and silt height.Choice of sampling methods showed no significant effect,but the probability distribution type and the range of factor values greatly affected the analysis results.Therefore,these two elements should be sufficiently considered to improve the reliability of the dam anti-sliding stability analysis.

深松铲对砖红壤扰动行为影响的仿真与试验

针对香蕉地深松作业相关研究较少,深松铲-土壤耦合机理尚未明确等问题,结合海南热区香蕉地砖红壤土的物理特性,利用离散元虚拟仿真试验,堆积生成了耕作层、犁底层和心土层3层土壤模型,建立了滑切深松铲-土壤耕作模型,并通过对比虚拟仿真试验,研究了滑式深松铲和国标深松铲对海南香蕉地土壤的扰动情况。结果表明:在相同的作业条件下,滑式深松铲作用下的土壤颗粒在x、y和z方向的最大运动速度均明显大于国标深松铲对土壤颗粒的作用,且滑式深松铲的扰动轮廓要明显大于国标深松铲作业的扰动轮廓,同时滑式深松铲作用下土壤蓬松度和土壤扰动系数均大于国标深松铲作用产生的深松效果,进一步验证了所设计的滑式深松铲更适用于海南香蕉地的深松作业。

基于3D打印关键技术的深松铲结构设计

以深松铲为研究对象,根据土壤耕作过程需求建立深松铲铲柄轮廓曲线,同时对深松铲结构进行详细设计,即铲尖厚度为6mm、铲尖宽度为35mm、铲尖入土角度为23°、柄厚度为25mm、宽度为55mm。对深松铲耕作过程阻力进行分析,建立松土阻力计算方程,同时采用3D打印技术对深松铲进行逆向工程快速成型。松土过程仿真分析结果表明:作业过程行进速度直接影响耕作过程中深松铲阻力,当行进速度为4、4.5、5km/h时,深松铲所受阻力均值分别为410、490、575N。

基于Rocky DEM的松散润叶筒内抄板作用的模拟与优化

为深入研究松散润叶筒内叶片在抄板上的掉落过程,提升叶片的耐加工性,利用三维建模软件建立松散润叶筒三维模型,通过Rocky 2021 R2离散元仿真软件创建薄片柔性叶片进行数值模拟,对叶片在松散润叶筒内抄板上的运动进行可视化计算。根据抄板上叶片的持料量百分比曲线和落料速率曲线,将叶片的掉落过程分为两个阶段。结果表明:片状颗粒的受力区别于刚性球体间的点对点接触受力,叶片形状不可忽略;松散润叶筒转速为15 r/min时,叶片在筒体底部分布较少,筒体上半部分分布较多;抄板安装角度为80°时,板上持料量增多,抄板倾角较合理,增温增湿效果最优;松散润叶筒倾角对叶片在抄板上掉落的轴向速度影响显著。通过仿真得出叶片在抄板上掉落过程的优化参数,有助于松散润叶过程调控,指导实际工业生产。

黏重黑土条件下马铃薯收获机挖掘装置设计与试验

针对东北地区黏重黑土条件下马铃薯收获机工作阻力大、挖掘铲寿命短、挖掘质量难以保证等问题,将双行升运链式马铃薯收获机挖掘装置改进并设计一种分离式防堵马铃薯挖掘装置。采用理论分析研究方法,解析马铃薯收获机关键部件挖掘铲挖掘过程,探明影响马铃薯收获机挖掘铲工作阻力的主要影响因素;结合黏重黑土条件下马铃薯收获的农艺要求,以行驶速度、铲面铲宽和铲面倾斜角度为试验因素,以挖掘铲最大工作阻力和土壤最大压缩力为试验指标,进行多因素正交仿真试验,设计得出,挖掘铲在保证良好碎土效果且不造成马铃薯损伤的最佳参数,即行驶速度1.11 m·s^(-1),铲面铲宽150 mm,铲面倾斜角度30°时,挖掘铲最大工作阻力为566 N,土壤最大压缩力为152 N。田间验证试验表明,各项指标达到要求且均优于改进前整片式挖掘铲马铃薯收获机。

基于数值模拟的钛合金锥形件激光辅助铲旋成形研究

针对中部带法兰锥形件采用传统“锻造+机加工”制备时材料利用率低、强度及韧性不足的问题,提出采用激光辅助铲旋成形工艺来实现钛合金中部带法兰锥形件的完整近净成形。根据铲旋成形原理,选取合适的激光热源模型,并基于Simufact Forming软件平台建立激光辅助铲旋有限元模型,研究了铲旋成形过程中的中部法兰变形区温度、变形行为及等效塑性应力和等效塑性应变分布规律。结果表明,采用坯料整体预热+激光辅助补热的方式,可实现坯料基体表层温度高、内层温度低,既有利于表面金属材料铲旋成形出法兰,又可避免锥壁翘起;铲旋成形时变形区材料轴向流动较多,径向流动较少,法兰形状呈“倒水滴”状;旋轮接触区等效塑性应力值较大,但法兰主体部分等效塑性应力值较小且分布均匀;基体主要变形区等效塑性应变值最大,达9~11,沿厚度方向逐渐减小,具有局部大塑性变形且变形不均匀的特点。

基于DEM-MBD耦合的装载机减阻铲装策略仿真分析

装载机铲装物料过程中,往往受到较大的铲装阻力,使得其作业效率降低、能耗升高。针对此问题,对装载机减阻铲装策略进行研究。对装载机铲装物料过程中受到的铲装阻力进行分析,建立装载机各作业阶段铲装阻力的数学模型,提出装载机减阻铲装策略;利用ADAMS建立装载机虚拟样机模型,对它进行动态仿真,通过EDEM完成铲装物料颗粒模型的建立及相关参数的设置;基于DEM-MBD联合仿真,分别对装载机使用2种铲装物料策略进行铲装过程仿真;最后,获取2种铲装策略中物料运动速度矢量以及铲装阻力变化曲线,进行对比分析。结果表明:装载机使用减阻铲装策略铲装物料相比一次铲装法铲装物料受到的最大铲装阻力值减少11.3%,且使用减阻铲装策略所产生的铲装阻力大部分时间内整体小于一次铲装法所产生的铲装阻力,证明了减阻铲装策略的可行性和合理性。

基于DHMM-ESUM的露天矿运输系统车铲比优化研究

在露天矿生产中,如何利用现有的资源条件对电铲与卡车进行合理配比,充分发挥设备的效率,是提高矿山企业生产效益的关键。以安家岭露天矿生产系统收集的数据为基础,首先运用排队理论构建以电铲为采掘中心,卡车为运输工具的闭合排队网络模型,将运输系统分为4个排队子系统,分析各项服务时间的概率分布;基于离散隐马尔可夫模型(discrete hidden Markov model,DHMM)与拓展求和(extended summation,ESUM)算法分析系统作业性能,获取电铲设备的运行状态和班次生产能力。然后,应用蒙特卡洛法建立随机动态规划模型,以产量期望值最大化为目标对露天矿的车铲比进行优化。最后,对生产系统进行仿真建模分析,结果验证了基于DHMM-ESUM对车铲比进行优化的有效性和准确性。

基于响应面法的马铃薯挖掘铲多目标优化设计

马铃薯挖掘铲是马铃薯收获机挖掘装置的重要组成部分,起到直接与土壤接触,并把马铃薯挖出的作用。在丘陵地区为了保证高效稳定的收获,马铃薯挖掘铲的综合性能对整个收获过程至关重要。使用ANSYS Workbench分析出挖掘铲的应力、应变、变形云图,通过参数化过程选择并验证特征尺寸。基于响应面法建立特征参数和结果的函数关系,通过多目标遗传算法得到候选解集,按照设计要求和优化目的综合考虑选择最优解。优化前后总变形降低了24.88%,总应力降低了21.40%,质量减少了4.58%,减少了质量的同时还明显地降低总变形和总应力,提升了马铃薯挖掘铲的综合性能,为后续实验和生产提供了理论依据。

一种田间深松铲的设计

深松铲结构会严重影响深松作业阻力的大小。针对目前深松作业普遍存在深松阻力大的问题,研制一种新型结构的深松铲,介绍深松铲的结构、工作原理及关键零部件设计,以此来提高深松机的整体性能、减小作业阻力及磨损,进而为保护性耕作技术的推广应用提供技术支撑。

黏土与松土部件互作的离散元仿真标定与试验

为了提高白萝卜收获机关键部件松土铲的离散元仿真结果与实际情况的吻合度,利用台架实验和EDEM软件仿真相结合的方式,对黏壤土与松土铲之间接触的离散元仿真参数进行标定。以堆积角和滚动距离作为响应值,通过四因素三水平正交组合试验,分别建立土壤与土壤、土壤与触土材料之间的回归模型,并对回归模型进行分析,得到土壤含水率为(21±0.1)%时模型参数的解最优,分别为:土壤与土壤之间JKR为8.884J/m2,恢复系数为0.275,静摩擦因数为0.504,滚动摩擦因数为0.038;土壤与接触材料之间的仿真参数JKR为6.975J/m2,恢复系数为0.428;静摩擦因数为0.054;滚动摩擦因数为0.054。为了验证离散元仿真模型参数最优解与实际情况的吻合度,开展了基于最优参数下的台架实验与仿真试验,结果表明:台架实验松土铲的黏土量与仿真的相对误差为5.70%,仿真结果与台架试验基本一致,验证了离散元仿真参数模型的可靠性。

林地开沟机刀具优化设计与试验

针对林地开沟条件恶劣、开沟困难的情形,设计一种开沟刀,对设计的开沟刀进行切削土壤研究与参数优化。利用LS-DYNA建立开沟刀—土壤切削有限元模型,得到开沟刀土壤切削过程等效应力、切削阻力以及切削能耗的变化规律。以平均切削阻力为指标,建立正交仿真试验,探究刀片厚度、刃倾角和刀片切削速度对平均切削阻力的影响。正交仿真试验结果表明:平均切削阻力最小时的最优参数组合为刀片厚度6 mm,刃倾角45°,刀片切削速度2 m/s;各因素影响平均切削阻力的顺序为刀片切削速度>刀片厚度>刃倾角。对优化后的开沟刀进行静力学分析,刀具的强度与刚度满足要求。林地试验开沟刀切削阻力平均值为232.6 N,试验值与仿真值误差为7.1%,表明开沟刀—土壤切削模型可用于开沟刀参数优化。

振动式根茎类中药材收获机挖掘装置设计

针对日益增长的中药材收获作业需要,在借鉴已有成果基础上设计了一种适用于较高含水率土壤的深根茎中药材振动挖掘装置,并通过理论计算确定了主要结构参数。挖掘铲采用条形铲结构,振动机构采用曲柄摇杆机构,其工作幅宽为1800mm,最大工作深度为500mm,入土角为20°;挖掘铲总长为283mm,偏心距为20mm,铲尖振动幅度为10.4mm。通过有限元分析得出:最大应力发生在铲体与前刀轴连接处,为3.07MPa,远小于材料的屈服强度235MPa;最大变形发生在铲尖处,为0.0126mm,与铲的尺寸相比变形量很小,可以忽略;运动学分析中铲尖运动曲线平滑,符合简谐运动规律。对比田间实测该振动铲收获机所受拖拉机牵引力与理论计算所得出固定铲收获机工作阻力,结果表明:振动铲收获机的工作阻力小于固定铲收获机的工作阻力,减阻效果明显。