New algorithm of shape-finding of suspension bridge with spatial cables

A new algorithm is proposed to solve the problems of shape-finding of suspension bridge with spatial cables what include tedious iteration,slow convergence speed and even no convergent under some circumstances.In this paper,the stress analysis of the main cable is carried out,and the relationship between the slope change and the coordinate change is found.This paper also discussed how to find the minimum slope point of symmetrical or asymmetric main cable,and the deformation compatibility equation is established and solved to obtain the shape of main cable.The algorithm in this paper can ensure the convergence of the solution for the suspension bridge with spatial cables.The calculation accuracy is high through the demonstration of the calculation examples.

Energy conservation research of dehumidification system for main cable anticorrosion of suspension bridge

The necessity of the main cable anticorrosion for suspension bridge is described, and operating principles and composition of main cable dehumidification system are analyzed. An idea using the waste heat of high temperature outlet air of dehumidification system to heat up regeneration air of rotary-type dehumidifier is put forward in this paper. The concrete scheme is to install a heat exchanger on air-out pipeline of roots blower and air-in pipeline of regeneration electric heater of rotary dehumidifier. Air preheated by the heat exchanger enters regeneration electric heater of rotary-type dehumidifier. Energy conservation of main cable dehumidification system for the Yangtze River highway bridge is calculated, and the results show that energy conservation rate can reach 44 %.

Study for reasonable value of friction coefficient between main cable and saddle

The value of friction coefficient between the main cable and saddle, relates to not only the anti-slippage stability of three-tower suspension bridge, but also the reasonable stiffness of the middle tower and the magnitude of rigidity of the whole bridge. First, the paper does some comparative studies about the relevant provisions of international norms, and then, summarizes the relevant load test results both at home and abroad. Finally, the paper draws the appropriate anti-slippage safety factor for the most unfavorable load in accordance with international load standards, and discusses the rationality and feasibility of the friction coefficient of 0.2 between main cable and saddle.

Simplified Calculation of Flow Resistance of Suspension Bridge Main Cable Dehumidification System

To calculate the flow resistance of a main cable dehumidification system,this study considers the air flow in the main cable as the flow in a porous medium,and adopts the Hagen–Poiseuille equation by using average hydraulic radius and capillary bundle models.A mathematical derivation is combined with an experimental study to obtain a semi-empirical flow resistance formula.Additionally,Fluent software is used to simulate the flow resistance across the main cable relative to the experimental values.Based on the actual measured results for a Yangtze River bridge,this study verifies the semi-empirical formula,and indicates that it can be applied in actual engineering.

Parameters of static response of carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) suspension cables

The feasibility of longer spans relies on the successful implementation of new high-strength light weight materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP). First, a dimensionless equilibrium equation and the corresponding compatibility equation are established to develop the cable force equation and cable displacement governing equation for suspension cables, respectively. Subsequently, the inextensible cable case is introduced. The formula of the Irvine parameter is considered and its physical interpretation as well as its relationship with the chord gravity stiffness is presented. The influences on the increment of cable force and displacement by λ2 and load ratio p′ are analyzed, respectively. Based on these assumptions and the analytical formulations, a 2000 m span suspension cable is utilized as an example to verify the proposed formulation and the responses of the relative increment of cable force and cable displacement under symmetrical and asymmetrical loads are studied and presented. In each case, the deflections resulting from elastic elongation or solely due to geometrical displacement are analyzed for the lower elastic modulus CFRP. Finally, in comparison with steel cables, the influences on the cable force equation and the governing displacement equation by span and rise span ratio are analyzed. Moreover, the influences on the static performance of suspension bridge by span and sag ratios are also analyzed. The substantive characteristics of the static performance of super span CFRP suspension bridges are clarified and the superiority and the characteristics of CFRP cable structure are demonstrated analytically.

Construction techniques of super-length main cable of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Bridge is a highway three-pylon two-span bridge with span arrangement of 1 080 m + 1 080 m and the length of the main cable is more than 3 100 m. It is the longest cable in China. As the erection of the main cable needs to cross over three towers and the cables undulate acutely, general problems like the twist, spread and swell of strands and shedding of the zinc coating are prone to arise, which make it difficult to guarantee the quantity of cable traction construction. In this paper, the hauling, shaping and saddling of strands and sag adjusting are illustrated in detail and how to execute the refined construction control to guarantee the erection quality is also covered.

四主缆大跨悬索桥抗震性能分析及减震措施优化

以燕矶长江大桥为工程背景,首先,采用动力非线性时程法分析了燕矶长江大桥抗震性能,并研究了设置电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器和黏滞阻尼器对大跨悬索桥抗震性能的影响;然后,对附加电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器摩擦力、阻尼系数和阻尼指数开展了参数敏感性分析;最后,从耗能角度分析地震作用下电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器减震特点.结果表明:在E2地震作用下,桥塔关键截面抗弯能力均大于弯矩需求;在“纵向+竖向”地震作用下梁端纵向位移较大.设置塔梁处纵桥向阻尼器后,可有效降低主桥梁端纵向位移;增大摩擦力、阻尼系数与降低阻尼指数均可提升梁端纵向地震响应的控制效果,但参数变化对桥塔控制截面的地震响应影响较小.阻尼系数较大时,电涡流阻尼主导了电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器耗能,相较于黏滞阻尼器,电涡流-摩擦组合型阻尼器对梁端纵向位移控制效果更好.

基于联合静动力修正的混凝土斜拉桥主梁挠度变化规律研究

针对混凝土斜拉桥服役期间主梁不断下挠的问题,该文基于修正模型分析大跨度混凝土斜拉桥服役期间主梁挠度变化规律。采用联合静动力的有限元模型修正方法,构造双目标优化问题,基于非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)求解,得到Pareto最优解集,从Pareto最优解集中找到协调最优解,从而实现有限元模型修正。模型修正后的静力位移和自振频率计算值与实测值吻合较好,能更好地反映结构的实际工作状态。在此基础上,结合主梁线形历年监测数据,分析不同徐变模式及拉索松弛效应等时变因素对主梁线形的影响,分析结果表明:采用CEB-FIP 2010徐变模式计算的挠度与实测挠度更加接近。中跨跨中下挠量最大,服役20年下挠量约为270 mm;主梁跨中挠度前5年平均增长率达33 mm/年,前5年挠度约占前40年的50%,后期主梁下挠趋于平缓。

深江铁路洪奇沥公铁大桥主桥设计关键技术

研究目的:洪奇沥公铁大桥是深江铁路的控制性工程,主桥采用主跨808 m公铁合建斜拉桥一跨跨越洪奇沥水道,上层布置8车道城市快速路,下层布置4线铁路。结合建设条件、结构特点及使用性能,对主桥结构体系、主梁横断面及结构形式、索-塔锚固结构、施工方法等关键技术展开研究,确定技术合理可行和经济节约的设计方案。研究结论:(1)首创了短边跨叠合板-桁组合梁斜拉桥结构体系,主桥长度减少20%,节省工程投资;(2)首次在4线铁路公铁合建斜拉桥上采用倒梯形双主桁截面,桥面布置紧凑、受力明确;(3)提出的边跨主梁采用矩形钢管混凝土叠合板-桁组合结构,集结构受力和锚固压重于一体,施工便捷;(4)发明了“自平衡交叉锚固+齿块锚固”的索-塔混合锚固方式,技术经济性高;(5)钢主梁创新采用“纵向大节段+横向分块”施工方法,解决了超宽超高超重整节段钢桁梁运输受既有桥净空限制的难题;(6)本研究成果可为公铁合建桁梁斜拉桥设计提供参考或借鉴。

基于复杂网络和免疫策略的斜拉桥主梁施工安全风险耦合分析

斜拉桥主梁施工是一项复杂系统行为,施工过程中风险事故可能存在多条演化路径,因此具有复杂性和不确定性。为满足当前对施工安全风险管理的更高要求,提出一种基于复杂网络的风险耦合分析方法。首先,通过主梁施工作业程序分解及致险状态分析以识别安全风险因素;然后,基于复杂网络理论,借助邻接矩阵构建主梁施工安全风险的耦合网络模型,对特征指标进行研究分析并得出风险演化特征;最后,运用MATLAB软件对网络进行免疫仿真,包括单个节点免疫、随机免疫和蓄意免疫,以识别出关键节点并提出施工风险管控策略。结果显示:蓄意免疫的效果明显优于随机免疫,综合考虑免疫结果应优先预防和控制网络关键节点代表的风险点,从而有效降低网络效率,提高施工安全性。

温州瓯江北口大桥施工期索夹抗滑移控制

温州瓯江北口大桥为主跨2×800 m的三塔四跨双层钢桁梁悬索桥,主跨钢桁梁采用1000 t缆载吊机大节段吊装,施工期索夹受力大、索夹螺杆紧固力损失大,索夹滑移风险高。为给施工期索夹滑移风险评估和抗滑移控制措施提供依据,在《公路悬索桥设计规范》(JTG/T D65-05—2015)索夹抗滑移系数计算公式的基础上,考虑索夹上临时荷载、主缆轴力增加引起的主缆直径变小和主缆丝股重新排列、螺杆时变效应造成的索夹螺杆紧固力损失,提出适用于大跨悬索桥施工期的索夹抗滑移系数计算方法,分析主要参数对施工期索夹抗滑移系数的影响,并评估该桥施工期索夹抗滑移风险,提出索夹抗滑移控制措施。结果表明:钢桁梁吊装过程中,索夹倾角变化大,应采用当前施工阶段索夹倾角计算施工期索夹抗滑移系数,主缆轴力增加引起主缆直径变小是造成索夹滑移的主要原因之一;该桥除主跨跨中钢桁梁节段对应索夹抗滑移系数满足规范要求外,其余索夹抗滑移系数均不满足规范要求。根据索夹滑移风险评估结果,采取紧固索夹螺杆的抗滑移控制措施,并明确了该桥索夹螺杆紧固次数和时机。该桥采取索夹抗滑移控制措施后,施工过程中索夹均未出现滑移现象。

椭圆塔空间缆自锚式悬索桥主索鞍系统设计研究

在建万龙大桥工程主桥为世界首座采用椭圆钢桥塔的空间主缆自锚式悬索桥。该桥鞍座采用铸焊结合的自适应式空间缆索主索鞍,鞍座存在以下技术难点:空间主缆主索鞍受力复杂;椭圆塔纵向刚度大,主索鞍的抗滑问题突出;鞍座底部为柔性支撑,索鞍与主塔协同变形,塔-鞍连接结构传力复杂。为掌握椭圆塔空间缆自锚式悬索桥主索鞍及塔-鞍连接结构的关键技术,运用数值分析方法开展系统研究。研究结论如下:(1)当桥梁承受(恒载+汽车+人群+自来水+温度+风)作用时,满足要求的最小摩擦系数μ为0.215,需要设置12 mm竖向摩擦板;(2)主索鞍在最大缆力工况下的最大Von Mises应力为186.2 MPa,最大竖向变形为1.572 mm,满足强度及刚度要求;(3)主索鞍与钢塔连接结构主要通过支承隔板以竖向剪力的形式将主索鞍作用力传至钢塔腹板上,端部支承隔板的剪力显著大于中间隔板,剪力传递的不均匀系数为1.29;(4)主索鞍支承板在鞍座区域的边缘存在一定转角,空缆工况最大纵向转角为0.366‰rad,在鞍座顶推施工中需要加以考虑。

公铁混合布置大跨度斜拉桥主梁断面形式研究--以赣江公铁大桥西支主桥设计为例

以赣江公铁两用大桥西支主桥设计为例,研究一种适应上层8车道公路、下层对称双线铁路+4车道公路混合布置的主梁断面形式。提出带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面、带挑臂单索面箱桁组合断面、矩形箱桁组合断面、矩形钢桁梁断面4种主梁断面方案,采用有限元软件分析各方案静动力性能及受力特点,综合考虑方案构造特点、技术指标、工程数量、公铁运营安全、景观效果等,确定该桥选用带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面。该桥斜拉索最大索力16000 kN,锚固在下层钢箱梁两侧,通过有限元实体分析对锚拉板和钢锚箱式两种索梁锚固形式进行比选研究,钢锚箱形式受力合理、应力水平低、经济性好,设计采用钢锚箱形式。带挑臂双索面箱桁组合断面桥面空间布置合理、下层公铁行车干扰小、梁端竖向变形最小、经济性好,是一种适应公铁混合布置大跨度斜拉桥主梁断面形式。

AS法悬索桥锚靴及拉杆锚固可靠性研究

AS法(空中纺线法)施工的悬索桥,主缆各索股钢丝套接锚固在两岸的锚靴上,锚靴通过拉杆将索股力传递给锚固系统。锚靴与主缆钢丝相互作用后锚靴的承载能力、钢丝小曲率弯折后的应力状态、拉杆安装精度对锚固可靠性的影响均需要定性定量的研究以及试验验证。该文以AS法架设主缆悬索桥——阳宝山特大桥为背景,对锚靴及索股进行了6 150 kN设计荷载下拉杆无偏转状态、拉杆相对于锚固垫板在水平向、竖直向和45°向偏转0.5°共4种工况下的试验研究。结果表明:锚靴承载能力满足设计要求,钢丝小曲率弯折后无异常变形和破坏;锚靴及拉杆构造连接可靠,装配性好,构造采用球面垫圈结构可以保证拉杆具备约1°偏心调节能力,为保证锚靴及拉杆构造设计使用要求,建议拉杆与索股轴向安装控制精度保证在0.5°以内。

悬索桥主缆截面固定网格多孔模型构建与流动特性研究

为研究悬索桥主缆除湿过程中紧束态钢丝束区域截面流动特性,以深中通道伶仃洋大桥为背景进行主缆截面固定网格多孔模型构建与流动特性研究。利用固定网格的方法,考虑钢丝束间隙,构建一种适用于悬索桥主缆截面的精准多孔模型,研究钢丝束间隙、通气方向、阻力系数计算方法、钢丝束阶数对空气流动特性的影响。结果表明:通气方向不同时,精准多孔模型体现了主缆截面内部流速分布的不均匀性以及流动阻力的各向异性;入口速度一定时,垂直通气时两侧间隙流速大于钢丝束内部流速,水平通气时水平间隙流速有所增大,垂直通气进出口压差大于水平通气,两者相差11.29%;对比采用Ergun公式计算的阻力系数模型与采用拟合计算的实际阻力系数模型,进出口压差差异随着入口速度的减小而逐渐增大,在入口速度为0.031 25 m/s时,水平通气和垂直通气下,2种模型进出口压差差异分别为89.5%和95.6%;钢丝束阶数不同时,各个阶数粘性阻力系数值相差小于1%,惯性阻力系数值相差小于2%,可认为阻力系数计算与钢丝束阶数近似无关。

悬索桥主缆与索鞍间侧向传力的数值分析

悬索桥主缆与索鞍间依靠挤压接触维持联结,但目前缆-鞍间侧向传力机制不明导致结构设计困难。构建了鞍槽内足量钢丝离散体的数值分析模型,并据此开展了关键参数影响分析。结果表明:侧向压力随深度表现出负指数型收敛分布,底部钢丝因槽底的支撑作用会出现侧向压力骤减;钢丝的排列方式对侧向力影响明显,细长排列会减小对应深度的侧向压力,但会增加总体侧向力;摩擦系数越大,侧向压力越小,显示出明显的负相关关系;在常规范围内设定钢丝的弹性模量及泊松比对侧向力影响微小。研究结果可为悬索桥索鞍结构设计及抗滑稳定性验算提供参考。

基于调研数据的部分斜拉桥设计关键参数研究

针对部分斜拉桥设计关键参数缺少足够规范指导的问题,通过对国内外的部分斜拉桥进行设计主要参数调研统计,并与现有相关规范、科研成果进行对比研究,讨论了部分斜拉桥各型结构体系适用性、拉索布置形式,总结给出拉索倾角和间距、边主跨比、塔跨比、索梁刚度比和无索区长度等重要设计参数取值范围。结果表明,拉索倾角一般为11°~35°,主梁上拉索间距一般采用3.5 m~8 m,塔上的拉索间距一般采用0.5 m~1.2 m;3跨布置时,边主跨比一般集中在0.41~0.70,塔跨比宜采用1/3~1/13,索梁刚度比宜小于30;主跨跨中无索区长度与跨径之比宜取0.06~0.21。

土耳其1915恰纳卡莱大桥无索区钢箱梁安装关键技术

土耳其1915恰纳卡莱大桥为主跨2023 m的双塔三跨钢箱梁悬索桥。钢箱梁总长3563 m,边跨及桥塔处无索区钢箱梁均为非标准节段,长度为9.8~43.6 m,吊装重量为344~1330 t,涉及多种吊装方式及节段安装工艺,施工难度大。该桥边跨S33节段定位精度要求高、顶推难度大,利用特殊设计牛腿,顺利实现节段顶推及边跨合龙;边跨焊接线形精度要求高、工序转换复杂,S32和S31节段布设临时吊索系统,确保焊接线形可控;塔区工作平台上的S01、T00和M01单个节段利用特殊设计三向可调支架及导向架施工,确保浮吊吊装安全可靠及定位精度可控;S02和M02节段吊装时与已吊装节段在空间上相互干扰,通过布设牵引荡移系统,顺利实现塔区S02和M02节段缆载吊机大角度吊装及节段荡移;采用吊索调节装置、边跨反拉系统及4台缆载吊机同步抬吊等措施,塔区S01、T00和M01组拼焊接的大节段顺利合龙。

单边空间索面曲梁独塔悬索桥主缆线形分析

目前空间索面悬索桥主缆成桥线形分析方法需要进行复杂的主缆微分方程求解,具有约束方程形式复杂、迭代收敛性受初值影响大等不足.为解决主缆线形求解过程收敛性问题,本文借鉴等代梁法思路,推导得到外荷载与主缆线形的几何关联方程,并进一步构造出求解空间主缆线形的两阶段分析方法:在粗算阶段,通过解耦处理将初值要求降到最低,得到“具有足够精度且确保收敛”的结果,作为精算阶段初值;在精算阶段,采用迭代计算得到空间主缆线形精确解.通过人行悬索桥算例验证两阶段分析方法的可行性和有效性,并使用有限元软件验证计算成果精度.研究成果表明:本文所提出的方法对初值要求低,无需专门构造初值,迭代循环剔除了变形相容条件及无应力长度计算,求解效率更高,并且能快速收敛得到主缆线形精确解,适用于单边空间索面曲梁独塔悬索桥主缆成桥线形分析.