As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the globe, police forces are charged with new roles as they engage and enforce new policies and laws governing societal behaviours. However, how the police exercise these powers ...As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the globe, police forces are charged with new roles as they engage and enforce new policies and laws governing societal behaviours. However, how the police exercise these powers is an important factor in shaping public opinion and confidence concerning their activities across space and time. This research developed an analytical framework for measuring the inequality in the public opinion towards policing efforts during the pandemic using Twitter data. We demonstrate the utility of our framework using 3-months of tweets across 42 police force areas (Pfas) of England and Wales (UK). The results reveal that public opinions on policing is overwhelmingly negative across space and time, and that these opinions have been most exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in three specific Pfas, namely Staffordshire, Thames Valley, and North Wales. We provided the link to the open-source script by which this research could be replicated and adapted to other study areas. This research has the potential to help law enforcement understand the dynamics of public confidence and trust in policing and facilitate action towards improved police services.展开更多
Viability of decentralizing policing in Nigeria had been on the front burner of security discourse since Nigeria returned to democratic governance in 1999.Valid points had been put forward by both those in support and...Viability of decentralizing policing in Nigeria had been on the front burner of security discourse since Nigeria returned to democratic governance in 1999.Valid points had been put forward by both those in support and those in opposition.The Community Policing Department of the Nigeria Police had remained more of an administrative unit with little impact beyond the Police Community Relations Committee activities.Rising cases of herdsmen attacks of various communities,terrorist insurgency in the North-East,kidnappings across the different geo-political zones had resulted in the need to interrogate the efficacy of effective community policing and state policing as viable options to combating rising security challenges.The study adopted qualitative method,and being a library research relied entirely on secondary data.Sources of data included journals,relevant textbooks,newspapers,magazines,and materials downloaded from internet.The paper argues that the traditional security agencies had failed to effectively combat the many security challenges that Nigeria faces.The combination of the official security agencies and the military had failed to effectively combat insecurity in the country.The local vigilante groups on the other hand had made valuable inroad in curtailing some of the security challenges including terrorist insurgency as a result of their knowledge of the terrain.The paper concludes that to effectively combat the many security challenges,there is a need for new policy framework at the federal and state levels that would decentralize policing and give legal backing for collaboration between the official security agencies under the federal government and state security outfits including the vigilante.展开更多
The September 11 event upset Japan’s diplomatic agenda and ushered in a strategic restructuring with the focus on anti-terrorism and the top priority given to ties with Washington. Its new diplomacy against terror st...The September 11 event upset Japan’s diplomatic agenda and ushered in a strategic restructuring with the focus on anti-terrorism and the top priority given to ties with Washington. Its new diplomacy against terror stresses three aspects: policy towards Washington for ensuring strategic center展开更多
Since the 20th century, human public security accidents occurred frequently, so that the developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and Russia took the lead in strengthening the study of the public security...Since the 20th century, human public security accidents occurred frequently, so that the developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and Russia took the lead in strengthening the study of the public security administration. Since the 21th century, all walks of life have paid more attention to the public security administration in China, along with the deepened implementation of the reform and opening-up policy and the rapid development of economic construction and the effects from the outbreak of the SARS crisis and the frequent occurrence of many coal mine security accidents, etc. In this process, the non-traditional security issues and man-made crisis are gradually becoming the main threats currently to the public security of China, because the conflicts of interest and the social contradictions overlap and the social crisis such as cadres-masses and police-masses conflicts is being aggravated. At present, the Ministry of Public Security of China is pushing forward a community policing reform and great numbers of community polices in community policing administration will directly confront with the challenges of the public security administration complexity, and therefore, the promotion of community policing urgently needs the innovation of administration concept.展开更多
This article briefly outlines how anti-terrorism struggles became linked and their relationship thereafter with human rights issues in international political life. With equal relevance and value to human development,...This article briefly outlines how anti-terrorism struggles became linked and their relationship thereafter with human rights issues in international political life. With equal relevance and value to human development, anti-terrorism efforts and human rights protection are themselves not mutually exclusive or contradictory. Their conflict in everyday life has sometimes resulted from the fact that they are both manipulated in the service of certain political ends. What's more, there has never been p erfect human rights protection in the world so far, which often makes human rights problems an easy charge against almost every government. No anti-terrorist activities in either the US or Europe have been really constrained by the idea of human rights no matter how beautiful their rhetoric has been. Now both human rights and anti-terrorism have been made into a tool of diplomacy and international politics. With the war in Afghanistan over, the United States is enhancing its human rights diplomacy together with its anti-terrorism diplomacy. Truly efficient, comprehensive international cooperation on anti-terrorism is still far away.展开更多
The relation between Anti-terrorism and human rights Protection is rather complicated. Based on the practices in Africa, this article analyses the conflicts and contradictions between the two. While countering terrori...The relation between Anti-terrorism and human rights Protection is rather complicated. Based on the practices in Africa, this article analyses the conflicts and contradictions between the two. While countering terrorism, governments have to take the duty of human rights protection as well. Rights are of key importance in preventing and countering terrorism. Integrating human rights construction into antiterrorism mechanism is rather helpful in eliminating various moods of dissatisfaction which are easy to breed terrorism.展开更多
Background: The many dangers and stressors associated with police work often place police officers at a great risk of a variety of mental health morbidity, including suicidality. The causation of suicidality is multi-...Background: The many dangers and stressors associated with police work often place police officers at a great risk of a variety of mental health morbidity, including suicidality. The causation of suicidality is multi-dimensional, however, there are insufficient studies which have examined the burden and risk factors of suicidality in Nigerian police officers. Objective: To determine the prevalence and predictors of suicidality among police officers in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 600 police officers who were selected using a non-probability sampling method. Questionnaires used were: Suicide Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire. Results: Prevalence of suicidality was 14%, and the predictors of suicidality were: state anxiety (p 0.001), trait anxiety (p 0.001), substance use (p = 0.03), being unmarried (p = 0.03), and female gender (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Suicidality is prevalent among Nigerian police officers, with a higher risk in those who are vulnerable. The creation of government policies and infrastructure which promote mental health in police officers is necessary.展开更多
This paper addressed the current state of police officers’ capabilities, skills, and their readiness to deal with the developments of cybercrime. This study discussed definition of cybercrime, cybercrime categories a...This paper addressed the current state of police officers’ capabilities, skills, and their readiness to deal with the developments of cybercrime. This study discussed definition of cybercrime, cybercrime categories as well as comparison between traditional criminal techniques and cybercrime. As the abilities and skills required for detectives to investigate cybercrime have been discussed. Additionally, literature review and related work, was addressed challenges role of the police in combating cybercrime and facing cybercrime policing. We proposed the main tool in the study which is “Checklist of essential skills for a cybercrime investigator”. Thus, to gain the ability to Identify technical and practical requirements in terms of skills, programs, and equipment to achieve effective and professional results in fight cybercrimes.展开更多
The term“freezing”refers to an innate defensive reaction characterized by the sudden cessation of all movements(Stote&Fanselow,2004;Eilam,2005).The freezing effect involving a police officer exposes him to a ris...The term“freezing”refers to an innate defensive reaction characterized by the sudden cessation of all movements(Stote&Fanselow,2004;Eilam,2005).The freezing effect involving a police officer exposes him to a risk to himself and others.Materials and Methods:400 anonymous questionnaires administered to law enforcement personnel in Switzerland were evaluated with the aim of testing their knowledge about the freezing phenomenon.In addition,semi-structured interviews involving police personnel were conducted.The authors also analyzed two cases of police officers who had experienced freezing.Results and Conclusions:From the results obtained,it emerges that freezing is not known to most of the police officers interviewed.Therefore,specific and innovative training seems to be necessary.The authors described the brain mechanisms that are involved in freezing.Innovative integrated training modules have been proposed by applying some neuroscientific knowledge,particularly using the potential of mirror neurons.The authors propose a strategy for supporting police officers who have experienced an episode of freezing.The ultimate goal is to provide more scientific tools to protect police officers and civilians.展开更多
文摘As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the globe, police forces are charged with new roles as they engage and enforce new policies and laws governing societal behaviours. However, how the police exercise these powers is an important factor in shaping public opinion and confidence concerning their activities across space and time. This research developed an analytical framework for measuring the inequality in the public opinion towards policing efforts during the pandemic using Twitter data. We demonstrate the utility of our framework using 3-months of tweets across 42 police force areas (Pfas) of England and Wales (UK). The results reveal that public opinions on policing is overwhelmingly negative across space and time, and that these opinions have been most exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in three specific Pfas, namely Staffordshire, Thames Valley, and North Wales. We provided the link to the open-source script by which this research could be replicated and adapted to other study areas. This research has the potential to help law enforcement understand the dynamics of public confidence and trust in policing and facilitate action towards improved police services.
文摘Viability of decentralizing policing in Nigeria had been on the front burner of security discourse since Nigeria returned to democratic governance in 1999.Valid points had been put forward by both those in support and those in opposition.The Community Policing Department of the Nigeria Police had remained more of an administrative unit with little impact beyond the Police Community Relations Committee activities.Rising cases of herdsmen attacks of various communities,terrorist insurgency in the North-East,kidnappings across the different geo-political zones had resulted in the need to interrogate the efficacy of effective community policing and state policing as viable options to combating rising security challenges.The study adopted qualitative method,and being a library research relied entirely on secondary data.Sources of data included journals,relevant textbooks,newspapers,magazines,and materials downloaded from internet.The paper argues that the traditional security agencies had failed to effectively combat the many security challenges that Nigeria faces.The combination of the official security agencies and the military had failed to effectively combat insecurity in the country.The local vigilante groups on the other hand had made valuable inroad in curtailing some of the security challenges including terrorist insurgency as a result of their knowledge of the terrain.The paper concludes that to effectively combat the many security challenges,there is a need for new policy framework at the federal and state levels that would decentralize policing and give legal backing for collaboration between the official security agencies under the federal government and state security outfits including the vigilante.
文摘The September 11 event upset Japan’s diplomatic agenda and ushered in a strategic restructuring with the focus on anti-terrorism and the top priority given to ties with Washington. Its new diplomacy against terror stresses three aspects: policy towards Washington for ensuring strategic center
文摘Since the 20th century, human public security accidents occurred frequently, so that the developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and Russia took the lead in strengthening the study of the public security administration. Since the 21th century, all walks of life have paid more attention to the public security administration in China, along with the deepened implementation of the reform and opening-up policy and the rapid development of economic construction and the effects from the outbreak of the SARS crisis and the frequent occurrence of many coal mine security accidents, etc. In this process, the non-traditional security issues and man-made crisis are gradually becoming the main threats currently to the public security of China, because the conflicts of interest and the social contradictions overlap and the social crisis such as cadres-masses and police-masses conflicts is being aggravated. At present, the Ministry of Public Security of China is pushing forward a community policing reform and great numbers of community polices in community policing administration will directly confront with the challenges of the public security administration complexity, and therefore, the promotion of community policing urgently needs the innovation of administration concept.
文摘This article briefly outlines how anti-terrorism struggles became linked and their relationship thereafter with human rights issues in international political life. With equal relevance and value to human development, anti-terrorism efforts and human rights protection are themselves not mutually exclusive or contradictory. Their conflict in everyday life has sometimes resulted from the fact that they are both manipulated in the service of certain political ends. What's more, there has never been p erfect human rights protection in the world so far, which often makes human rights problems an easy charge against almost every government. No anti-terrorist activities in either the US or Europe have been really constrained by the idea of human rights no matter how beautiful their rhetoric has been. Now both human rights and anti-terrorism have been made into a tool of diplomacy and international politics. With the war in Afghanistan over, the United States is enhancing its human rights diplomacy together with its anti-terrorism diplomacy. Truly efficient, comprehensive international cooperation on anti-terrorism is still far away.
文摘The relation between Anti-terrorism and human rights Protection is rather complicated. Based on the practices in Africa, this article analyses the conflicts and contradictions between the two. While countering terrorism, governments have to take the duty of human rights protection as well. Rights are of key importance in preventing and countering terrorism. Integrating human rights construction into antiterrorism mechanism is rather helpful in eliminating various moods of dissatisfaction which are easy to breed terrorism.
文摘Background: The many dangers and stressors associated with police work often place police officers at a great risk of a variety of mental health morbidity, including suicidality. The causation of suicidality is multi-dimensional, however, there are insufficient studies which have examined the burden and risk factors of suicidality in Nigerian police officers. Objective: To determine the prevalence and predictors of suicidality among police officers in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 600 police officers who were selected using a non-probability sampling method. Questionnaires used were: Suicide Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire. Results: Prevalence of suicidality was 14%, and the predictors of suicidality were: state anxiety (p 0.001), trait anxiety (p 0.001), substance use (p = 0.03), being unmarried (p = 0.03), and female gender (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Suicidality is prevalent among Nigerian police officers, with a higher risk in those who are vulnerable. The creation of government policies and infrastructure which promote mental health in police officers is necessary.
文摘This paper addressed the current state of police officers’ capabilities, skills, and their readiness to deal with the developments of cybercrime. This study discussed definition of cybercrime, cybercrime categories as well as comparison between traditional criminal techniques and cybercrime. As the abilities and skills required for detectives to investigate cybercrime have been discussed. Additionally, literature review and related work, was addressed challenges role of the police in combating cybercrime and facing cybercrime policing. We proposed the main tool in the study which is “Checklist of essential skills for a cybercrime investigator”. Thus, to gain the ability to Identify technical and practical requirements in terms of skills, programs, and equipment to achieve effective and professional results in fight cybercrimes.
文摘The term“freezing”refers to an innate defensive reaction characterized by the sudden cessation of all movements(Stote&Fanselow,2004;Eilam,2005).The freezing effect involving a police officer exposes him to a risk to himself and others.Materials and Methods:400 anonymous questionnaires administered to law enforcement personnel in Switzerland were evaluated with the aim of testing their knowledge about the freezing phenomenon.In addition,semi-structured interviews involving police personnel were conducted.The authors also analyzed two cases of police officers who had experienced freezing.Results and Conclusions:From the results obtained,it emerges that freezing is not known to most of the police officers interviewed.Therefore,specific and innovative training seems to be necessary.The authors described the brain mechanisms that are involved in freezing.Innovative integrated training modules have been proposed by applying some neuroscientific knowledge,particularly using the potential of mirror neurons.The authors propose a strategy for supporting police officers who have experienced an episode of freezing.The ultimate goal is to provide more scientific tools to protect police officers and civilians.
