Technologies for Asphalt Pavement Surface Testing in Road and Bridge Construction

Asphalt pavement is currently one of the main components in the construction of roads and bridges.However,from a practical point of view,various quality problems are prone to occur in the surface layer of asphalt pavement,which will lead to the poor overall quality of road and bridge projects.Therefore,it should be applied reasonably.Advanced testing technologies are used to test the mixture quality,compaction,segregation,thickness,and other aspects of the asphalt pavement surface layer,so as to improve the quality of the asphalt pavement surface layer,and then improve the overall quality of road and bridge construction.Therefore,this paper mainly analyzes the technologies for asphalt pavement surface layer testing in road and bridge engineering construction.

Nano Surface Engineering in the 21^(st) Century

Nano surface engineering is the new development of surface engineering, and is the typical representation that the advanced nano technology improves the traditional surface engineering. The connotation of nano surface engineering is profound. The initial stage of nano surface engineering is realized at present day. The key technologies of nano surface engineering are the support to the equipment remanufacturing. Today the relatively mature key technologies are: nano thermal spraying technology, nano electric-brush plating technology, nano self-repairing anti-friction technology and metal surface nanocrystallization, etc. Many scientific issues have been continuously discovered. Meanwhile they have been applied in the practice more and more, and have archived the excellent remanufacturing effect.

The Efficacy of the Application of Highly Specialised Surface Engineering Methods in the Economy. Case Study.

The development of materials technologies, including surface engineering is one of the main trends in the knowledge-based economy. The direct advantages of the application of these technologies are the energy and raw materials saving and the lack of negative influence on the natural environment. The disadvantages are the high equipment and operating costs, the requirement of the highest service qualifications and the necessity to develop specialized technological solutions for different kinds of applications, tools and processes. The potential economic and practical effects are so significant that except for new scientific and technological solutions new innovative organizational solutions are being searched. They should enable an extensive application of innovations in all economy sectors, including SMEs, so the investment possibilities and specialized skills would not constitute decisive limitations. A concept, assumptions, principles of operation and practical implementation of such a model organisational structure - Plasma Technologies Centre of the Institute for Terotechnology (ITeE Radom, Poland) are presented in the article. Development trends directly correlated with the needs of the national market and economy as well as network connections within Framework Programmes of the European Union are depicted. Examples of several highly specialised technological solutions (out of a few dozen solutions implemented in the PTC) and their technological efficacy are described.

Evaluation of Novel 3D Architectures Based on Knitting Technologies for Engineering Biological Tissues

Textile-based technologies are considered as potential routes for the production of 3D porous architectures for tissue engineering( TE) applications. We describe the use of two polymers,namely polybutylene succinate( PBS) and silk fibroin(SF) to produce fiber-based finely tuned porous architectures by weft and warp knittings. The obtained knitted constructs are described in terms of their morphology, mechanical properties,swelling ability,degradation behaviour,and cytotoxicity. Each type of polymer fibers allows for the processing of a very reproducible intra-architectural scaffold geometry,with distinct characteristics in terms of the surface physicochemistry,mechanical performance,and degradation capability,which has an impact on the resulting cell behaviour at the surface of the respective biotextiles. Preliminary cytotoxicity screening shows that both materials can support cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, different surface modifications were performed( acid /alkaline treatment, UV radiation,and plasma) for modulating cell behavior. An increase of cell-material interactions were observed,indicating the important role of materials surface in the first hours of culturing. Human adipose-derived stem cells( hASCs) became an emerging possibility for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement therapies. The potential of the recently developed silk-based biotextile structures to promote hASCs adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation is also evaluated. The obtained results validate the developed constructs as viable matrices for TE applications. Given the processing efficacy and versatility of the knitting technology, and the interesting structural and surface properties of the proposed polymer fibers,it is foreseen that our developed systems can be attractive for the functional engineering of tissues such as bone,skin,ligaments or cartilage and also for develop more complex systems for further industrialization of TE products.

Cell Surface Display of Red-Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus Capsid Protein on <i>Pichia pastoris</i>

Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), the etiological agent of viral nervous necrosis, has a high mortality rate of 100% in hatchery-reared larvae and juveniles. At present, there are still no effective vaccines available for NNV. Pichia pastoris surface display of viral capsid proteins was generated in hopes of developing an oral vaccine against red-grouper-nervous-necrosis virus (RGNNV) in fish. Fingerlings or juveniles that showed clinical signs of NNV infection were proved by RT-PCR for the appearance of expected length of 198 bpcDNA and further analysis by DNA sequencing. The DNA fragment containing AGα1 linked to RG-NNVRNA2, 2100 bp in length, was inserted into pPIC9K vector. Linearlized plasmids were electroporated into P. pastoris GS115 (mut+His?) and yeast isolates that had Muts?His+ and resistance phenotype at 4 mg/mL geniticin were selected to determine the integration of the target gene by PCR reaction. The extracted cell walls from the yeasts cultured in buffered-methanol-complex medium (BMMY) through an induction of 0.5% methanol for 6 days, were investigated for the fusion proteins by western blot. A protein band of 73 kDa predicted to be the fusion protein and a non-specific one of 56 kDa were detected. Staining of the fusion proteins expressing cells with corresponding antibodies revealed their presence of NNVRNA2, but varied the intensity of detected signals from cell to cell by confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. The predicted fusion proteins tertiary structure also confirmed exposed conformation of the fusion protein on the cell wall. In this study, the capsid proteins from the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus were successfully expressed on the cell surface of P. pastoris but still low levels of fusion protein expression. Further studies are required to optimize fully surface protein expression prior to evaluate the possible use of the constructed recombinant yeast as an oral vaccine against RG-NNV infection.

Advanced Surface Engineering Technologies for Remanufacturing Forming

Based on the foreign remanufacturing mode,which relies mainly on Part-Replacing Repair Method and Size-Changing Repair Method,China has explored and practiced the new remanufacturing mode,which relies mainly on Surface Repair and Performance Improving Method.The aim of remanufacturing forming is to renew rapidly the original size of the waste components rapidly,and then improve their service performance.The advanced surface engineering technology,especially the high density heat source surface forming technology,is the important technique to carry out rapid forming.Based on the arc heat source,plasma heat source and laser heat source,three kinds of high density heat source remanufacturing forming technologies,such as high speed arc spraying forming technology,micro-arc plasma forming technology,and laser cladding forming technology,have been developed.The benefits of remanufacturing forming based on advanced surface engineering technologies are great.

基于非基因工程技术的细胞表面修饰策略研究进展

细胞表面成分与结构在维持细胞内代谢环境稳定、控制细胞内外物质交换和促进细胞间通讯方面发挥着至关重要的作用,因此,调节或改变细胞表面成分对研究细胞命运具有重要意义。基因工程是目前调节细胞表面成分最常用的技术,但是由于这种方法具有转染效率低、存在突变风险等问题,其应用范围仍然有限。相比之下,近些年发展起来的多种非基因工程细胞表面修饰技术,具有简便、易操作、适用范围广等优势,为调控细胞生命活动、赋予细胞新的性质和功能提供了更多新的选择,因而其在基础生物学研究和新药研发中具有广泛应用前景。对目前非基因工程技术的原理、特点以及在细胞治疗领域的应用等进行了综述和讨论,期望有助于深入了解这一新技术及其在生物医学领域中的应用。

中国油气田开发实践、挑战与展望

随着国内油气资源劣质化程度加剧、增储上产难度加大、技术要求不断攀升、开发成本持续升高,油气企业保障国家能源安全面临更大的风险和挑战。在此背景下,通过系统梳理了百年来中国油气田开发实践,详细分析新中国成立以来油气储量产量趋势与构成,重新划分了油气田开发阶段。按照陆相、海相、低渗、海洋、页岩油气等角度深入总结了油气田开发理论与技术,聚焦当前油气产业发展面临的勘探开发理论创新难度极大、非常规油气勘探开发技术适应性有待进一步提高、油气开发成本居高不下、资源勘探开发与征地环保矛盾进一步凸显等挑战,提出了相应对策和建议。结合新的发展形势,研究提出了向智能化转型是油气企业发展的根本路径、非常规油气开发将在国内油气开发中占据主要地位、绿色低碳转型是油气企业可持续发展的必然趋势等展望。

3D打印多孔钽内部结构及表面改性在骨组织工程学中的研究进展

3D打印多孔钽在骨缺损的修复方面具有独特优势,其具有良好的物理、化学、机械性能及生物相容性等优点,展现了其在人类骨组织工程学领域中巨大的临床价值,具有广阔的应用前景,但仍需在多孔钽的内部结构及表面修饰方面有新的突破。现通过回顾及分析相关文献,对3D打印多孔钽的内部结构及表面改性在骨组织工程中的研究进展作一综述。

市政给排水工程的长距离顶管施工技术分析

随着城市基础建设的日益完善,为了满足城市建设与发展的需求,市政给排水工程项目逐渐增多。长距离顶管技术可以有效降低挖土量,节约施工用地,在施工中逐渐替代了传统的埋管技术手段。长距离顶管技术的应用可以有效提高施工质量,降低对环境的干扰与影响,是一种现代化的技术手段。分析市政给排水工程的长距离顶管施工技术,了解关键技术与工艺手段,可以有效提高施工综合质量。基于此,主要分析了市政给排水工程的长距离顶管施工技术要点。

航空发动机制造表面完整性技术在特种工艺的研究与应用

本文研究喷丸覆盖率对GH4698高温合金转子部件表面完整性的影响。通过对不同覆盖率的喷丸处理试样进行显微硬度测试和金相观察,分析喷丸处理对高温合金表面硬度和微观结构的影响。结果显示,喷丸处理可以提高高温合金的表面硬度,并形成细小晶粒结构,改善其完整性。此外,随喷丸覆盖率的增加,高温合金硬度和完整性也呈现增加趋势。这些研究结果对于航空发动机制造中表面完整性技术的应用具有重要意义。

工程机械的损伤形式与再制造技术研究

文章围绕工程机械再制造技术进行了深入分析,介绍了工程机械损伤的分类与常见形式,以及再制造技术在表面工程、无损检测、纳米修复等方面的应用。对再制造技术的具体操作进行了分析,并阐述了再制造技术对延长工程机械设备使用寿命、资源节约和环境保护的重要意义。

探市政公用工程施工中沥青路面施工技术通病与改进措施

在现代城市化进程中,沥青路面施工的挑战和难点日益凸显。一方面技术难题和施工环境的复杂性给施工过程带来了不小的压力;另一方面材料选择和质量控制的不足也直接影响了路面的使用寿命和性能表现。此外,路面常见病害如裂缝、车辙、沉陷等问题的频繁出现,进一步加剧了施工质量和维护成本的难题。因此,深入探讨市政工程沥青路面施工的技术挑战、病害分析和改进措施,对于提高施工质量、延长路面使用寿命和降低维护成本具有重要意义。

道路桥梁施工中防水路基面的施工技术探析

深入分析了在道路桥梁工程中施工防水路基面的重要性和必要性,探讨了施工过程中的关键目标和意义。重点强调了影响防水路基面施工的多个因素,并针对施工技术的应用、执行过程中的注意事项以及正确操作方法进行了详细分析,旨在为施工团队提供实用的参考信息,帮助施工人员更有效地进行施工维护、质量控制和定期检查修复工作。通过这些措施,可以显著延长防水路基面的使用寿命,进而构建一个更安全、更耐用且具有更好弹性的交通基础设施网络。

聚氨酯多孔弹性路面的降噪原理及其研究进展综述

为了有效减轻路面噪声带来的危害,并推动聚氨酯多孔弹性路面在实际工程中的应用,对其降噪原理及研究进展进行了综述。首先,阐述了路面噪声的产生及增强机理,明确了聚氨酯多孔弹性路面的降噪原理。聚氨酯多孔弹性路面凭借其优异的阻尼特性和高效的吸声减振能力,展现出显著的降噪效果。其次,分析了影响聚氨酯多孔弹性路面降噪效果的多种因素,其中橡胶颗粒的粒径和掺量、聚氨酯用量以及混合料的空隙率及空隙尺寸是影响其综合性能的3个关键因素。结果表明,适当增加橡胶颗粒的粒径和掺量、聚氨酯用量,以及增大空隙率和减小空隙尺寸可有效提升混合料的降噪效果。接着,对现有的路面噪声测试方法进行了归纳,为未来研发更加符合交通实际情况的噪声测试方法提供了理论支撑。最后,总结了聚氨酯多孔弹性路面的实际工程应用研究。目前,我国的研究主要集中在理论和试验方面,缺乏实际工程中的应用研究,因此尽快将聚氨酯多孔弹性路面应用于实际道路上尤为重要。

不同埋深下盾构隧道施工引起的地层变形试验

隧道施工诱发的地层沉降会影响地上建筑设施的安全,为了研究不同埋深隧道盾构施工影响下砂土地层的变形规律,设计了由模型架和非接触监测系统组成的模型试验系统。利用该系统,以干砂为填料,通过使隧道产生沉降来模拟施工影响下的地层损失,进而得出不同埋深情况下地层的变形规律。试验结果表明:(1)随着隧道埋深的增大,地层内部产生“土拱效应”,地表最大沉降值逐渐减小,地表沉降模式由“窄而深”演化为“宽而浅”,但地层受扰动范围自隧道中轴线向两侧逐渐扩大;(2)不同埋深情况下,地表和地层内部的沉降曲线均符合高斯分布函数。地表沉降槽宽度系数随隧道埋深的增大而增大,深层土体沉降槽宽度系数随地层深度增加而减小;(3)不仅对于黏土,在砂土中深层土体沉降槽宽度系数i_(z)与地表沉降槽宽度系数i_(s)之比i_(z)/i_(s)同该土层深度h_(z)与隧道埋深h的关系(1-h_(z)/h)之间同样呈线性关系。因此,在浅埋的砂性及黏土地层中根据地表沉降规律即可得出地层内部沉降规律,从而为隧道的施工和支护结构的设计提供参考和指导。

基于数字图像技术的UHPC表面特性与黏结性能识别

UHPC层与铺装层的层间黏结性能是“钢-超薄UHPC-沥青磨耗层”轻型组合桥面结构体系的技术难点,为更加方便准确地分析UHPC表面特性,同时针对传统测试方法无法有效检测UHPC表面纹理构造的情况,提出了一种基于数字图像技术的UHPC表面纹理构造分析方法。以单幅图像恢复物体形状原理,利用编程对图像信息提取了特征参数,定量描述了UHPC表面三维信息和纹理构造,建立了特征参数与表面构造深度之间的关系,并分析了UHPC表面纹理对黏层材料性能的影响。结果表明:UHPC表面构造深度TD与轮廓算术平均偏差Ra之间存在较强的关联性,TD-Ra关系模型拟合效果良好,相关系数为0.921,轮廓算术平均偏差随构造深度的增长而增长;常温和高温时,热熔型改性环氧树脂202、二阶环氧树脂黏结剂NDA100这两种树脂黏层的附着力拉拔强度与UHPC表面轮廓算术平均偏差相关性较强,其次为SBS改性沥青(I-D),而热固型环氧沥青与Ra相关性较弱;拉拔强度受UHPC表面粗糙度影响程度排序为:树脂202>树脂NDA100>SBS改性沥青>环氧沥青;为保证界面剂在常温和高温环境下均具备较高的黏结性能,建议采用树脂202作为界面剂时UHPC表面Ra范围应在51~53之间,采用树脂NDA100时Ra≤83;基于数字图像技术的UHPC表面构造深度计算方法,易于实行程序化运算,具有操作便捷、检测效率高等特点。

基于可视化编程技术的道面裂缝信息模型动态管理方法研究

裂缝是机场道面最为常见的病害形式,掌握其发展规律对道面运维十分必要,然而以往裂缝病害大多以文字形式记录管理,其动态发展规律难以被掌握,管理人员也无法对其实时评价。为解决上述问题,基于BIM技术开发了一种道面裂缝信息单元,提出了道面裂缝病害信息模型快速建模方法,扩展了道面裂缝属性信息;通过可视化编程,实现了道面运维信息与病害模型的动态连接,结合PCI算法,实现了道面开裂病害实时评价;最后,引入时间参数,实现了物理裂缝发展与数字化模型的动态关联,并基于室内模型试验对所提方法进行了验证。研究表明,裂缝实体模型可实现对道面病害的集成化管理,依托可视化编程技术可实现道面裂缝动态信息集成与更新。研究成果可为全生命周期信息协同的机场道面运维与数字孪生技术发展提供基础。

《表面工程理论与技术 》教学案例库建设方法探索

《表面工程理论与技术》课程在培养高层次材料工程领域应用型创新人才中有着不可替代的作用。本课程教学过程中最为薄弱的环节是如何让学生通过理论知识的学习进而发现、分析并解决科研与实际生产中遇到的问题,同时将思政元素有机融入案例教学中。我们提出以“任务驱动”的方式,按照“构思—设计—实现—运作”的思路开展案例库建设,激发学生学习兴趣和创新思维,提高学生将理论知识应用到科研实践以及解决实际复杂工程问题的能力。

水工混凝土抗冲磨性能提升技术的研究进展

随着我国水利工程的大力建设,已修建和新建的高水头、高泄洪量、高流速的水利工程越来越多,对水工混凝土的抗冲磨性能等耐久性提出了更高的挑战和要求。总结了胶凝材料、粗细骨料、纤维、表面防护技术等对水工混凝土抗冲磨性能的影响机制,并展望了水工混凝土抗冲磨性能提升的发展方向,为高效能、低成本抗冲磨性能提升技术的研发提供依据。