Antimicrobial Effects of Berries on Listeria monocytogenes

The purpose of this study was to first evaluate the antimicrobial effects of powder and extracts of berries (rose-hip, aronia, sea buckthorn and hawthorn) on the development of antibiotic-resistant L. monocitogenes. Listeria monocytogenes is considered one of the most important pathogens responsible for food-borne infection. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated using the standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Bacterial inactivation networks were determined and compared, as well as the possibility of using powders and extracts of berries to control the risk of Listeria monocytogees infestation in the milk and dairy industry as well as in the meat industry. The effect of pH (4.78 - 4.43) and water activity (0.90 - 0.80) on the relationship between optical density (OD) at 600 nm and the plate count (CFU ml-1) was investigated for Listeria monocytogenes. It was determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of berries for L. monocytogenes. The most relevant bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on L. monocytogenes in the tested berries demonstrated sea buckthorn and rosehip.

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of novel polyene type antimicrobial metabolite producing actinomycetes from marine sediments:Bay of Bengal India

Objective:To isolate and indentify the promising antimicrobial metabolite producing Streptomyces strains from marine sediment samples from Andraprudesh coast of India.Methods:Antagonistic aetinomycetes were isolated by starch casein agar medium and modified nutrient agar medium with 1%glucose used as a base for primary screening.Significant antimicrobial metabolite producing strains were selected and identified by using biochemical and 16S rDNA level.Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the organic extracts were done by using broth micro dilution method.Results:Among the 210 actinomyeetes,64.3%exhibited activity against Gram positive bacteria,48.5%showed activity towards Cram negative bacteria,38.8%exhibited both Cram positive and negative bacteria and 80.85%isolates revealed significant antifungal activity.However,five isolates AP-5,AP-18,AP-41 and AP-70 showed significant antimicrobial activity.The analysis of cell wall hydrolysates showed the presence of LL-diaminopimelic acid and glycine in all the isolates.Sequencing analysis indicated that the isolates shared 98.5%-99.8%sequence identity to the 16S rDNA gene sequences of the Streptomyces taxons.The antimicrobial substances were extracted using hexane and ethyl acetate from spent medium in which strains were cultivated at 30X for five days.The antimicrobial activity was assessed using broth micro dilution technique.Each of the culture extracts from these five strains showed a typical polyenelike property.The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations of ethyl acetate extracts against Escherichia coli and Cumularia lunula were 67.5 and 125.0μg/mL,respectively.Conclusions:It can be concluded that hexane and ethyl acetate soluble extracellular products of novel isolates are effective against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Antimicrobial activities of the rhizome extract of Zingiber zerumbet Linn

Objective:To investigate antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extract of Zingiber zerumbet(Z.zerumbet)(L.)Smith and its chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.Methods:The fresh rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet were extracted in cold with ethanol(4.0 L)after concentration.The crude ethanol extract was fractionated by petroleum ether and chloroform to form a suspension of ethanol extract(15.0 g),petroleum ether fraction(6.6 g)and chloroform soluble fraction(5.0 g).The crude ethanol extract and its petroleum ether and chloroform fractions were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity against thirteen pathogenic bacteria and three fungi by the disc diffusion method.Commercially available kanamycin(30μg/disc)was used as standard disc and blank discs impregnated with the respective solvents were used as negative control.Results:At a concentration of 400μg/disc,all the samples showed mild to moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity and produced the zone of inhibition ranging from 6 mm to 10 mm.Among the tested samples,the crude ethanol extract showed the highest activity against Vibrio parahemolyticus(V.parahemolyticus).The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of the crude ethanol extract and its fractions were within the value of 128-256μg/mL against two Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria and all the samples showed the lowest MIC value against V.parahemolyticus(128μg/mL).Conclusions:It can be concluded that,potent antibacterial and antifungal phytochemicals are present in ethanol extract of Z.zerumbet(L.).

Antimicrobial activity of PVP from an Antarctic bacterium, Janthinobacterium sp. Ant5-2, on multi-drug and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Multiple drug resistant(MDR)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)have become increasingly prevalent as a community acquired infection.As a result limited treatment options are available with conventional synthetic antibiotics.Bioprospecting natural products with potent antimicrobial activity show promise for developing new drugs against this pathogen.In this study,we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of a purple violet pigment(PVP)from an Antarctic bacterium,Janthinobacterium sp.Ant5-2 on 15 clinical MDR and MRSA strains.The colorimetric resazurin assay was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC90)of PVP against MDR and MRSA.The MIC90 ranged between 1.57μg/mL and 3.13μg/mL,which are significantly lower than many antimicrobials tested from natural sources against this pathogen.The spectrophotometrically determined growth analysis and total microscopic counts using Live/dead®BacLight™fluorescent stain exhibited a steady decrease in viability of both MDR and MRSA cultures following treatment with PVP at the MIC levels.In silico predictive molecular docking study revealed that PVP could be a DNA-targeting minor groove binding antimicrobial compound.The continued development of novel antimicrobials derived from natural sources with the combination of a suite of conventional antibiotics could stem the rising pandemic of MDR and MRSA along with other deadly microbial pathogens.

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Chicken Meat Samples

The aim of this study was to determine presence of Salmonella spp. in chicken meat samples collected from Ankara, Turkey and determine the susceptibility of the Salmonella isolates to some antimicrobial agents. For this purpose, 127 chicken samples were collected from local markets. Investigation of Salmonella was done according to horizontal method, the guidelines of the method recommended by International Standards Organization （ISO）. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella spp. was performed with microdilution method according to the guidelines of CLSI M100-SI8. Ampicillin, gentamicin sulphate, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, ceftriaxon, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were used in the study. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 5 （3.94%） of the 127 chicken meat samples. Although our findings are not within Turkish Food Codex （TFC） values, lower number of samples that involve Salmonella spp. indicates an improvement in the hygienic conditions in Turkey. Among 5 isolates, one isolate was sensitive to all antimicrobial agents tested. 2 isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. Successfully, all the isolates were sensitive to quinolones as a good result in spite of the reported reduced susceptibility from different regions of the world. However, this study should be improved with more chicken samples and Salmonella spp. isolate numbers to support these results.

微生物源溶菌酶的抑菌及抗炎活性

为研究微生物源溶菌酶对14种供试菌的体外抑菌活性及对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞炎症的抑制作用,该文采用二倍稀释法测定微生物源溶菌酶对供试菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC),评价其体外抑菌活性,通过构建LPS诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症模型,以细胞中一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的分泌量为指标,评价微生物源溶菌酶的抗炎活性。结果表明,微生物源溶菌酶对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、单增李斯特菌、耐热芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母、酪丁酸梭菌、产黄青霉、黑曲霉和根霉11种菌均表现出良好的抑菌效果,具有较强的广谱抑菌性;在试验浓度范围内,对保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳亚种3种益生菌无抑制效果,反而具有生长促进效果。微生物源溶菌酶对LPS诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7炎症模型表现出明显的抗炎作用,可显著降低NO及TNF-α的分泌,且与微生物源溶菌酶的作用浓度呈正相关。在试验浓度范围内,与模型组相比NO分泌量最高可降低57.92%,TNF-α分泌量最高可降低36.75%。微生物源溶菌酶具有良好的抑菌和抗炎活性,为其作为食品添加剂在抑制腐败菌生长、促进益生菌增殖等方面应用提供了理论基础。

一株类芽孢杆菌的鉴定及抗菌活性探究

为了筛选产新型天然抗菌物质微生物,本研究利用共培养的方法筛选目的菌株;通过16S rDNA、生理生化性质和全基因组测序鉴定菌株种属;利用抗菌物质稳定性、菌株基因组次级代谢产物预测和最小抑菌浓度研究抗菌物质的生物学特性。从土壤中筛选了一株类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus elgii CL-1,该菌所产抗菌物质具有广谱抗菌性能,且耐受过氧化氢酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K和酸碱,高温不稳定;利用antiSMASH分析发现Paenibacillus elgii CL-1含有penisin和octapeptin C4等17种次级代谢产物基因簇;进一步的分析发现,通过高效液相色谱从该菌发酵液中分离纯化出的抗菌物质抗菌谱广,抗菌活性好,最小抑菌浓度值可达1μg/mL。通过质谱分析发现类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus elgii CL-1能够产生抗菌谱广、稳定性好和抗菌活性强的抗菌物质pelgipeptin B。本研究为挖掘天然抗菌药物pelgipeptin B提供底盘菌株,为其研发和应用奠定基础。

亚抑菌浓度抗菌药物影响金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的研究进展

金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)是引起医院获得性感染的常见病原体之一,极易黏附在导管或植入物表面形成生物膜导致耐药性增加,给临床治疗带来极大挑战。近年研究表明,抗菌药物处于亚抑菌浓度时可影响SA生物膜形成。因此,本文阐述SA生物膜的形成过程及基因调控,不同抗菌药物在亚抑菌浓度下对SA生物膜形成的影响及其作用机制,以期为有效控制及治疗SA生物膜相关感染提供一定依据。

郑州市13种常绿灌木及其主要挥发物抑菌效应研究

为探究郑州市常绿灌木的抑菌能力,以十大功劳(Mahonia fortunei)、南天竹(Nandina domestica)等13种常见常绿灌木为试验材料,采用平板计数法测定抑菌率,选择癸醛、苯甲醛、β-蒎烯、柠檬烯、3-蒈烯5种叶片中主要的挥发物单体,以抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度为检测指标,研究不同挥发物单体的抑菌能力。结果表明,13种常绿灌木间抑菌率差异显著(P<0.05),同一植物碎叶的抑菌率大于相同质量的整叶,南天竹和海桐对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制效果最好,对枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌抑制效果最好的均为南天竹;5种挥发物单体对供试菌株的抑制程度不同,苯甲醛的抑菌和杀菌效果最强,β-蒎烯最弱。在今后郑州市进行城市绿化时,可以选择南天竹等抑菌能力较强的树种。

肉汤微量稀释法对耐多药结核分枝杆菌敏感性检测的评价

目的评价肉汤微量稀释(BMD)法在耐多药结核分枝杆菌(MDR-MTB)敏感性检测中的应用效果。方法采用罗氏比例法和BMD法对海南省108株MDR-MTB及11株非MDR-MTB菌株进行药敏试验,并对两种药敏方法检测结果不一致菌株进行全基因组测序(WGS)。结果罗氏比例法和BMD法药敏结果平均判读时间分别为28.0、8.5 d。罗氏比例法检测异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、卡那霉素和卷曲霉素的耐药率高于BMD法(均P<0.001);BMD法检测丙硫异烟胺和对氨基水杨酸的耐药率高于罗氏比例法(均P<0.001)。以罗氏比例法药敏结果为金标准,BMD法检测耐药性的灵敏度和特异度分别为50.00%~100%、95.69%~100%,除EMB(87.39%)、INH(94.96%)外,BMD法检测其他药物的耐药性符合率均≥95%。罗氏比例法药敏结果与WGS总符合率为76.19%(32/42),BMD法药敏结果与WGS总符合率为23.81%(10/42),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=23.048,P<0.001)。两种药敏方法检测结果不一致的MTB共34株,罗氏比例法耐药+BMD法敏感的26株MTB中,22株(84.62%)相关耐药基因发生突变;罗氏比例法敏感+BMD法耐药的11株MTB中,5株(45.45%)相关耐药基因发生突变。结论BMD法是一种准确、快速的MDR-MTB敏感性检测方法,但仍需要进一步改进和优化,耐药性与相关耐药基因的突变密切相关。

氮杂尿苷对三株腐败菌抑菌活性的测定

目的:以二酮哌嗪为母核,对其结构修饰得到的30种化合物进行抑菌活性筛选,找到对大肠杆菌(E.coli)、腐败希瓦氏菌(Shewanella spp.)和铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa)抑菌效果理想的化合物。方法:首先采用紫外吸收光谱法定期测定放入光照振荡培养箱中菌悬液和营养肉汤的吸光度,得到三株腐败菌的生长曲线。其次采用纸片琼脂扩散法对药物的抑菌活性进行筛选,从30种化合物中筛出有抑菌效果的化合物。最后采用肉汤稀释法结合紫外分光光度计测定最低抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC)。结果:氮杂尿苷对三株腐败菌的MIC均为3.42 mg/mL,且抑菌效果随着药物浓度的增大而增大。结论:氮杂尿苷对三种腐败菌具有较为显著的抑菌作用,这为后期防腐保鲜剂的研发提供了一定数据参考和理论支持。

大蒜蒜瓣中细菌多样性分析及抑菌剂筛选

微生物的生长会限制大蒜蒜瓣的贮藏期。通过分离纯化,结合菌落形态、菌体形态和PCR序列比对,分析大蒜蒜瓣中细菌多样性;测定抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度,比较常用生物抑菌剂和化学防腐剂对大蒜蒜瓣中常见细菌的抑菌能力。结果表明,从大蒜蒜瓣中分离得到的菌株主要有水生拉恩菌、土生拉乌尔菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肠膜明串珠菌、乳酸明串珠菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、成团泛菌、柠檬酸杆菌。生物抑菌剂肉桂醛和化学防腐剂双乙酸钠对4种指示菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、土生拉乌尔菌和水生拉恩菌)的抑菌效果最好,肉桂醛和双乙酸钠联用对大蒜蒜瓣中菌落总数的抑菌率达到98.4%,对大肠菌群的抑菌率达到100%。

基于cBD3的衍生肽对犬皮肤源多药耐药菌的抑菌活性

[目的]筛选犬皮肤源多药耐药菌,同时基于犬防御素设计衍生肽并探究其抗菌作用。[方法]通过K-B药敏纸片法对临床分离的菌株进行筛选,随后以犬β-防御素3(cBD3)的氨基酸序列为模板,采用氨基酸替换的方式对序列进行设计,选取优化肽cBD3-ABU进行化学合成,利用微量肉汤稀释法检测cBD3-ABU对多药耐药菌的抑菌活性。[结果]筛选获得8株犬皮肤源多药耐药菌;通过固相合成法获得纯度达95.61%的cBD3-ABU;cBD3对大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、伪中间型葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为32、64、64、128μg/mL,高浓度cBD3-ABU对犬皮肤源大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、伪中间型葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为96.02%、81.85%、87.25%、98.91%。[结论]cBD3-ABU在体外具有良好的抑菌活性,具有进一步开发为治疗性药物的潜力。

以替加环素和多黏菌素B为基础的联合药敏对预防CRKP耐药的研究

目的 探讨分别以替加环素和多黏菌素B为基础的联合药敏对预防KPC型碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)对替加环素和多黏菌素B耐药能力的研究。方法 筛选2018年1月1日—2019年2月28日某院检验科临床分离的KPC型碳青霉烯类耐药的肺炎克雷伯菌17株,选择5株,采用体外抗生素联合传代培养方法,以评价替加环素和多黏菌素B的MIC(最小抑菌浓度)变化情况。结果 联合用药能够降低菌株的替加环素或多黏菌素B的MIC,与用药前相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合用药可预防多黏菌素B耐药,第一周时,替加环素联合利福平均延缓了替加环素的MIC增长,单独低剂量使用替加环素或多黏菌素B,在第一周时有4株菌耐药。结论 早期联合治疗可抑制KPC型CRKP的生长,随着抗生素暴露时间的延长,细菌易耐药,应加强院感防控和抗生素合理使用,防止细菌进一步耐药。

16种岭南特色道地药材对肺炎链球菌的抑菌作用研究

研究16种岭南特色道地药材对肺炎链球菌的体外抑菌活性。以肺炎链球菌为受试菌,采用24孔板培养法测定16种岭南特色道地药材醇提物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示,16种岭南特色药材中有11种对肺炎链球菌有抑菌性,分别为:火炭母、桂枝、长萼堇菜、岗梅、广藿香、扁桃斑鸠菊、破布叶、一点红、狗肝菜、三桠苦、地胆草。其中,长萼堇菜、广藿香、扁桃斑鸠菊、狗肝菜、三桠苦、地胆草的醇提物表现出较强的抑菌活性。部分岭南特色道地药材的乙醇提取物对肺炎链球菌具有良好的抑菌作用。

酮康唑-甲基-β-环糊精包合物的表征及抑菌活性研究

[目的]为了提高低水溶性抗真菌药物酮康唑(ketoconazole,KCZ)的水溶性及抑菌活性,减少临床应用限制。[方法]采用饱和溶液法制备酮康唑-甲基-β-环糊精包合物,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测其溶解度,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(IR)法对其结构进行表征,用纸片扩散法(K-B法)和最小抑菌浓度(MIC)方法对比检验酮康唑原药与酮康唑-甲基-β-环糊精包合物对白色假丝酵母菌的体外抗菌活性。[结果]通过甲基-β-环糊精包合,酮康唑在包合物中的水溶性比单一酮康唑增加了约2 941倍,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(IR)法证实了有新物相形成。酮康唑原药的抑菌圈为(22.00±1.63) mm,酮康唑-甲基-β-环糊精包合物的抑菌圈则提升至(28.00±1.63) mm。最低抑菌浓度结果显示,酮康唑原药的最低抑菌浓度为(0.125±0.029)μg/mL,酮康唑-甲基-β-环糊精包合物的最低抑菌浓度为(0.062 5±0.015 0)μg/mL。[结论]酮康唑-甲基-β-环糊精包合物不仅没有破坏酮康唑原药对白色假丝酵母菌原有的抑菌能力,还提高了其抑菌效果。

常用抗生素对鸭疫里默氏杆菌MIC最佳试验条件的确立

为了研究常用抗生素对临床分离到的鸭疫里默氏杆菌(riemerella anatipestifer,RA)的抑菌效果,试验首先绘制RA的生长曲线,确定其对数生长期,以对数生长期的细菌作为受试菌,测定6种常用抗生素对4株RA菌株在不同稀释度时的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),确定最佳接菌量,进而确定测定MIC的最佳时间。结果表明:新鲜培养的RA菌液的OD600值为0.8~1.2时,细菌达到对数生长期,菌落形成单位达到1×10^(11)~1×10^(12)cfu/m L。对数生长期细菌稀释至1×10^(-5)为最佳接菌量,将上述菌液接种到96孔板后,在37℃培养22~24 h为检测MIC的最佳时间。

Synergistic Effect between Fucoidan and Antibiotics against Clinic Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide that is primarily extracted from brown seaweeds which has been broadly studied in recent years due to its numerous biological properties, including anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antitumor, and antiviral activities. In this study, fucoidan was evaluated against clinic isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 1 - 20, either alone or with antibiotics, via broth dilution method and checkerboard and time kill assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)/Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) values for the fucoidan against all the tested bacteria ranged between 64 - 512/256 - 2048 microg/mL, for ampicillin 32 - 1024/64 - 1024 microg/mL and for oxacillin 8 - 64/16 - 256 microg/mL respectively. Furthermore, the MIC and MBC were reduced to one half-eighth as a result of the combination of the fucoidan with antibiotics. 2 - 6 hours of treatment with 1/2 MIC of fucoidan with 1/2 MIC of antibiotics resulted from an increase of the rate of killing in units of CFU/mL to a greater degree than was observed with alone. These results suggest that fucoidan could be employed as a natural antibacterial agent against multi-drug bacteria.

Studies on Antibacterial Effect of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora( L.) Presl. to Avian Escherichia coli and Salmonella

[Objective]This study aimed to observe the antibacterial activity of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora（ L.） Presl. aqueous extracts and their antibiotical effect when being used with commonly used antibiotics in- vitro. [Method] Broth microdilution method and checkerboard dilution method were used and the reference strain E. coli ATCC25922 and clinical sample separation strains of E. coli and Salmonella were selected to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration（ MIC） and fractional inhibitory concentration（ FIC）. [Result] The MICs of Berberis julianae Schneid and Cinnamomum camphora（ L.） Presl. for E. coli and Salmonella were both 1 mg /mL,and that of other antibiotics for the two strains were in the quality control range provided by NCCLS. [Conclusion] The synergistic effect or additive effect were observed when they were applied with the commonly used antibiotics.

全国1200例VVC致病菌的常见抗真菌药物MIC分析

目的了解全国外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)致病菌株的分布及其对常见抗真菌药物的敏感性。方法复苏2015年全国45家医院于妇科门诊就诊的VVC患者的VVC菌株1200例。用科玛嘉假丝酵母菌显色培养基进行培养鉴定。参照美国临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI)M27-A3方案,测定其对氟康唑、克霉唑、咪康唑、伊曲康唑及制霉菌素5种抗真菌药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值情况。结果(1)在培养的1200例VVC致病菌株中,白假丝酵母菌占81.17%(974/1200),非白假丝酵母菌占18.83%(226/1200)。在非白假丝酵母菌中,光滑假丝酵母菌最多,占13.25%(159/1200)。(2)白假丝酵母菌与非白假丝酵母菌的氟康唑、克霉唑、咪康唑、伊曲康唑及制霉菌素不同MIC值分布比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为175.220、66.912、217.150、281.004、21.175,P<0.0001)。(3)对于克霉唑,白假丝酵母菌的MIC低值比例更低,而非白假丝酵母菌的MIC高值比例更高。对于咪康唑,非白假丝酵母菌的MIC低值比例更低,而白假丝酵母菌的MIC高值比例更高。(4)白假丝酵母菌和非白假丝酵母菌对氟康唑的耐药性均较高,MIC≥64μg/mL比例分别为73.41%和50.88%;而白假丝酵母菌和非白假丝酵母菌对于制霉菌素MIC低值比例均较高,MIC≤1μg/mL比例分别为79.67%和76.11%。(5)白假丝酵母菌对于伊曲康唑耐药性高于非白假丝酵母菌,MIC≥16μg/mL比例分别为43.12%和25.66%。结论VVC的主要致病菌仍是白假丝酵母菌,光滑假丝酵母菌已成为白假丝酵母菌以外的VVC第2大致病菌。白假丝酵母菌和非白假丝酵母菌对5种抗真菌药物的MIC值分布具有明显差异。全国VVC患者对氟康唑耐药性较高,白假丝酵母菌致VVC患者对克霉唑和制霉菌素敏感度较高,非白假丝酵母菌致VVC患者对咪康唑和制霉菌素的敏感度较高。