Synthesis and characterization of arsenate antimonic acid AAAc(1 : 1)

The AAAc(1 : 1) was synthesized in water by As2O3 and Sb2O3 with molar ratio of 1 : 1: AAAc(1 : 1)was characterized by Raman, IR, TG/DTG, DSC, XPS and XRD. The results show that there are four peaks to vsof As-OH, As-O-Sb, Sb-OH and Sb-O-Sb in Raman spectra of AAAc(1 : 1) at 100 - 1 000 cm-1. The solution of AAAc(1 : 1) was also titrated with KOH solution. The titration results show that AAAc(1 : 1) is a hexabasic acid with dissociation constants of k1 = 3.62 × 10-2 , k2 = 3.05 × 10-3 , k3 = 6. 43 × 10-6 , k4 = 9. 78 × 10-8 ,k5 = 1.32 × 10-11 , k6 =3.87 × 10-12. AAAc(1 : 1) has a good solubility and stability in water, its solid obtained by free volatilizing water from its solution under air at ambient temperature is amorphous. Chemical and thermal analyture of AsO ( OH )2-OH-Sb ( OH )4-O-Sb ( OH )4-OH-AsO ( OH )2 or As ( OH )3-O-Sb(OH)4-O-Sb(OH)4-O-As(OH)3 (isomerism) through experimental determination and geometry optimization.

Thermoelectric Properties of Silver Antimonate with Mixed Valency of Antimony

Silver (Ag) and silver antimonate (AgSbO3) composites with different amounts of Sb3+ were synthesized by normal sintering with the aim of realizing a thermoelectric material. The electrical conductivity (σ) increased in the sample containing larger amount of Sb3+, whereas Seebeck coefficient (S) decreased. Producing Sb3+ caused the generation of oxygen vacancies in the material, and thus the corresponding donor levels are created in the bandgap, providing more conduction electrons. The conductive Ag particles would contribute to the conduction path as bypasses for carrier transport. The thermal conductivity (κ) was slightly lower in the presence of Ag defects in AgSbO3.

Structural and Crystallographic Features of Chemically Synthesized Cero- and Titanium Cero- Antimonates Inorganic Ion Exchangers and Its Applications

Chemically synthesized cero-antimonate and titanium cero-antimonate prepared by sol-gel technique was conducted for the synthesis of a novel ion exchanger. The prepared materials has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Thermograve-metric analyses. The structures and empirical formula's was identified and found to CeSb4O12?6.19H2O and TiCeSb4O14?12.22H2O, for cero-antiomate and titanium cero-antimonate, respectively. The data obtained from X-ray diffraction was analyzed to define the crystallographic feature of cero-antimonate and titanium cero-antimonate and found both the composites were belong to cubic system with lattice constant 5.15 and 5.149 ?, respectively. The crystallite size and strain of cero-antimonate and titanium cero-antimonate were determined. By using ChemDraw Ultra program the modeling structures of cero-antimonate and titanium cero-antimonate were conducted. Finally, application of the prepared materials for the removal of heavy metals from industrial waste water in terms of capacity measurements was performed.

Acid-stable antimonate based catalysts for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction

Acid-stable and highly active catalysts for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are paramount to the advancement of electrochemical technologies for clean energy conversion and utilization.In this work,based on the density functional theory(DFT)calculations,we systematically investigated the MSb_(2)O_(6)(M=Fe,Co,and Ni)and transition metal(TM)doped MSb_(2)O_(6)(TM-MSb_(2)O_(6),TM=Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ru,Rh,Pd,Ir,and Pt)as potential antimonate-based electrocatalysts for the OER.The stability and OER activity of these considered electrocatalysts were systematically studied under acidic conditions.It was found that Rh-NiSb_(2)O_(6),Pt-CoSb_(2)O_(6),Rh-FeSbO4,and Co-NiSb_(2)O_(6)can serve as efficient and stable OER electrocatalysts,and their OER catalytic activities are better than that of the current state-of-the-art OER catalyst(IrO2).Our findings highlight a family of promising antimonate-based OER electrocatalysts for future experimental verification.

Removal of antimonite and antimonate from water using Fe-based metal-organic frameworks: The relationship between framework structure and adsorption performance

We investigated the adsorption performance of five Fe-based MOFs(Fe-BTC,MIL-100(Fe),MIL-101(Fe),MIL-53(Fe)and MIL-88 C(Fe))for removal of antimonite(Sb(Ⅲ))and antimonate(Sb(Ⅴ))from water.Among these MOFs,MIL-101(Fe)exhibited the best adsorption capacities for both Sb(Ⅲ)and Sb(Ⅴ)(151.8 and 472.8 mg/g,respectively)which were higher than those of most adsorbents previously reported.The effect of steric hindrance was evident during Sb removal using the Fe-based MOFs,and the proper diameter of the smallest cage windows/channels should be considered an important parameter during the evaluation and selection of MOFs.Additionally,the adsorption capacities of MIL-101(Fe)for Sb(Ⅴ)decreased with increasing initial p H values(from 3.0 to 8.0),while the opposite trend was observed for Sb(Ⅲ).Chloride,nitrate and sulfate ions had a negligible influence on Sb(Ⅴ)adsorption,while NO3-and SO42-improved Sb(Ⅲ)adsorption.This result implies that inner sphere complexes might form during both Sb(Ⅲ)and Sb(Ⅴ)adsorption.

AZ31B镁合金表面锑酸盐转化涂层的制备、耐腐蚀性及其改进研究

采用化学转化法,在KSb(OH)6和H_(2)O_(2)存在下,在AZ31B合金表面成功制备了同时含有Sb(V)和Sb(Ⅲ)的涂层。研究了锑酸盐转化涂层经添加C6H11O7K和后处理后涂层表面形貌变化及其对腐蚀性能的影响。分别用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、Raman光谱和光电子能谱仪(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)对涂层的成分、表面形貌和晶体结构进行了表征,采用动电位极化曲线测试,以及中性盐雾试验评估了涂层的抗腐蚀性能。结果表明:涂层主要成分含有Mg^(2+)、Al^(3+)、K^(+)、[Sb(OH)_(6)]^(-)和Sb(Ⅲ)。当KSb(OH)_(6)与C6H11O7K的浓度比为2:1时,有助于涂层的生长;随着KSb(OH)_(6)溶液浓度的增大,涂层的Sb含量增大,生长速度加快;涂层的最低腐蚀电流密度为1.50×10^(-6)A/cm^(2);经过8-羟基喹啉和硅酸钠混合溶液的后处理,腐蚀电流密度进一步下降到6.00×10^(-7)A/cm^(2),中性盐雾试验由24 h提高到120 h以上,明显地改善了镁合金的耐腐蚀性能。

协效阻燃剂和增韧剂对卤素阻燃玻纤增强PBT材料性能的影响

使用溴化环氧树脂作为主阻燃剂,采用熔融共混法制备了玻璃纤维增强阻燃聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)复合材料。分析讨论了五种协效阻燃剂(三氧化二锑、无水硼酸锌、锑酸钠、水合铝酸碳酸镁、水合铝酸碳酸钙)和增韧剂对材料物理力学性能、阻燃性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明,三氧化二锑的协效阻燃效果最好,但是使得材料的力学性能和热稳定性降低,锑酸钠的阻燃效果略低于三氧化二锑但是对材料的力学性能和热稳定性影响较小。选择锑酸钠作为协效阻燃剂,加入少量的水合铝酸碳酸钙有利于提高材料的拉伸和弯曲强度、热变形温度及阻燃性能。丙烯酸酯-有机硅共聚物对材料的增韧效果较弱但是不会影响材料的阻燃等级,乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物的增韧效果最优,但是会降低材料的阻燃等级。

锑电积贫液催化氧化技术研究与应用

采用催化氧化技术处理湿法炼锑所产生的锑电积贫液,将贫液中硫代亚锑酸钠通过催化氧化新技术、新工艺,生产出锑酸钠产品。试验研究及工业应用结果表明,催化氧化技术有效回收了贫液中的锑,做到矿物资源的有效利用,同时大大提高各项技术指标,增加了企业运营产值。

分银渣中有价金属综合回收试验探讨

为充分回收利用分银渣中的有价金属,针对某冶炼厂稀贵金属车间采用“半湿法—回转窑”工艺处理铜阳极泥所产生的分银渣进行了有价金属综合回收试验,分别对试验的熔浸、氧化、沉淀、造贵铅等4个阶段进行研究。研究成果发现:熔浸阶段当分银渣、片碱、硫化钠的质量配比为1∶0.5∶0.6时,金属锑和锡的浸出率分别达到99%和93%以上;采用质量分数为10%的H2O2,且其用量为理论值的3倍,反应时间为2 h进行氧化反应时,锑的沉淀率达到99.27%,产品粗锑酸钠含锑达到45.9%;利用石灰可以使锡以钙盐的形式沉淀,锡的沉淀率达到92.97%,沉淀产物为粗锡酸钙;在造贵铅试验中,片碱与滤渣的质量配比为0.4∶1时,有价金属的回收率均可达到98%以上。

Role of Sb(V) in removal of As, Sb and Bi impurities from copper electrolyte

The function mechanism of Sb（V） in As, Sb and Bi impurities removal from copper electrolyte was investigated by adding Sb（V） ion in a synthetic copper electrolyte containing 45 g/L Cu2＋, 185 g/L H2SO4, 10 g/L As and 0.5 g/L Bi. The electrolyte was filtered, and the precipitate structure, morphology and composition were characterized by chemical analysis, SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD and FTIR. The results show that the precipitate is in the shape of many irregular lumps with size of 50-200 μm, and it mainly consists of As, Sb, Bi and O elements. The main characteristic bands in the FTIR spectra of the precipitate are As-O-As, As-O-Sb, Sb-O-Bi, Sb-O-Sb and Bi-O-Bi. The precipitate is the mixture of microcrystalline of AsSbO4, BiSbO4 and Bi3SbO7 by XRD and electronic diffraction. The removal of As, Sb and Bi impurities by Sb（V） ion can be mainly ascribed to the formation of antimonate in copper electrolytes.

锑氧化矿黄云子制备锑酸钠工艺研究

当前氧化锑制备锑酸钠成本较高,文章拟采用廉价锑氧化矿---黄云子为原料,通过氢氧化钠碱浸、净化、氧化,探索采用氢氧化钠溶浸法制备锑酸钠,研制一种复杂锑原料制备锑酸钠的新方法,降低生产成本,实现低成本制备锑酸钠工艺。

烟草花粉萌发和花粉管生长期间柱头和花柱中的钙分布

烟草柱头表面有两层覆盖物,其中含有少量细 小的钙颗粒。花粉落到柱头上后,储存在花粉外壁中 的钙被释放到覆盖层中。当花粉管穿过覆盖层长入柱 头细胞之间时,花粉管顶端的细胞壁中出现了大量的 细小钙颗粒。开花后22 h观察时,在花柱引导组织中 形成了钙的梯度分布:花柱上部引导组织中的钙较少, 而下部连接子房处的花柱引导组织中含有较多的钙颗 粒。去雄花开花后1d时,花柱上部引导组织中的钙明 显增多;3d时,连柱头细胞中也出现了较多的钙颗粒。 讨论了烟草花柱引导组织中钙梯度分布和花粉管生长 的关系。

高砷锑金精矿矿浆电解连续扩大试验

采用矿浆电解技术对高砷锑金精矿进行半工业试验。结果表明,锑的回收率达97%以上,金几乎全部富集于渣中,砷和硫绝大部分留置于渣中,从根本上避免了砷害和SO2危害。盐酸和电能消耗较少,每吨锑的盐酸消耗量为286kg,总电耗为3 389kWh,其中电解电耗1 318kWh。

高砷锑金精矿矿浆电解小型试验研究

研究了＂矿浆电解法＂在高砷锑金精矿浸出中的应用。系列条件试验结果表明,矿浆电解处理高砷锑金精矿较优的工艺条件为50 g精矿、电流2.04 A、温度60℃、时间6 h、HCl 30 g/L、NH4Cl 200 g/L、Fe3＋3 g/L、L/S=15~20∶1。在该条件下对精矿进行了综合验证试验,锑的浸出率达到99%,浸出渣含锑小于0.5%,金和砷均抑留在渣中待处理,阴极电沉积锑含锑98.5%、砷0.11%、金0.12 g/t。矿浆电解法处理高砷锑金精矿运行效果良好且稳定。

立方晶体三氧化二锑的制备

研究比较了 Sb Cl3在不同醇中氨解制备立方晶体 Sb2 O3,并用 XRD,SEM等手段进行了鉴定。结果表明 ,反应温度和醇中的水质量分数均影响晶形。乙二醇最佳 ,温度 90℃ ,水质量分数低于 2 5 %均能得到单一晶形 Sb2 O3,粒度为 1 μm.

丙烯酸酯共聚物溴化阻燃研究

用氧指数 (L OI)测定、热重法 (TG)等方法研究了各种含溴化合物对聚丙烯酸酯阻燃耐热性的影响。实验结果表明 ,阻燃作用与含溴量和分子结构有关 ,含溴量大阻燃作用越强 ;阻燃剂的双建有利于提高聚合物阻燃作用 ,可以提高聚合物阻燃效果 。

工业废水中锑污染物排放标准制定的原则与依据

通过对我国不同工艺、不同规模涉锑企业生产工艺、治理现状进行调查并对不同生产环节排放废水锑浓度监测的基础上,结合区域环境背景值和环境目标的可达性等方面进行分析论证,得出涉锑企业外排废水中锑的标准值为0.5mg/L。研究发现,本标准制定的主要依据除了治理技术的可达性和经济性外,其纳污水体下游饮用水源地水质达到GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》规定限值也是一个重要的约束条件。

新型复合钙钛矿Ba（Sb^Ⅲ,Sb^Ⅴ）O3的水热合成和表征

采用水热晶化法制备了Ｂａ（ＳｂⅢ，ＳｂⅤ）Ｏ３新型钙钛矿型氧化物，并通过ＸＲＤ、 ＩＲ、ＳＥＭ和ＩＣＰ等方法对产物物相、形貌和组成等进行了表征．结果表明，产物为立方钙钛矿结构，晶胞参数为α＝０．４１５ｎｍ，粒度为１～２μｍ具有一定团聚的多晶粉末．产物中锑为三价和五价两种价态．水热条件对合成影响的研究结果表明， Ｂａ（ＳｂⅢ，ｓｂⅤ）Ｏ３合成的适宜碱度和ｎＳｂ（Ⅴ／ｎＳｂ（Ⅲ）分别为 ８～１０Ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＫＯＨ和

锑酸消除含氚废空气中的氚

用锑酸作消气材料 ,压制成消氚电极 ,在适当外加条件下 ,考察了锑酸作消氚材料直接将含氚废空气中的氚除去的可能性。对消氚过程中料气中氚的浓度及水分对消氚结果的影响进行了考察 ,给出了消气片中氚的物料平衡。结果表明 :在 3 2L含氚空气中 ,用锑酸制成的消氚材料 ,在 2 0 0min左右可将原料气氛中 80

钙离子在水霉(Saprolegnia ferax)菌丝顶端细胞壁中呈极性分布

焦锑酸钾处理的水霉(Saprolegnia ferax)菌丝显示:焦锑酸沉淀颗粒仅存在菌丝细胞壁而不是原生质中,并呈顶端到基部的极性分布,即在菌丝最顶端细胞壁中丰富致密、重叠在一起,在约3—10μm的亚顶端则变得稍为稀薄而可分辨,在约10μm以后的成熟区域进一步显得松散而无规律。焦锑酸沉淀颗粒可经EGTA螫合处理去除,并经X-射线微区分析证明在3.6—3.7keV区域可产生Sb和Ca元素混合峰,说明焦锑酸沉淀反映了Ca^(2+)的分布。对冷冻干燥菌丝细胞壁表面进行扫描电镜X-射线微区分析,同样证明菌丝细胞壁含有大量的Ca,菌丝最顶端Ca信号强度高于10μm以后的成熟区。由于Ca^(2+)和H^+可能为一对拮抗因子维持菌丝顶端细胞壁可塑性和刚性间的平衡以保证菌丝顶端生长,我们检验了菌丝生长过程中培养介质的pH变化,证实培养介质pH随培养时间的延长而逐渐下降。上述结果提示细胞壁Ca^(2+)可能在菌丝顶端生长过程中起作用。