In this paper, conductive antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) composite particles is prepared by hydroxylation method of metal alcoxides. This method has many advantages such as little pollution, low-cost, simple sheet and...In this paper, conductive antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) composite particles is prepared by hydroxylation method of metal alcoxides. This method has many advantages such as little pollution, low-cost, simple sheet and equipment. The synthesis processing and the ATO nanoparticles are characterized by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and BET. The results show that the ATO nanoparticles is tetragonal rutile crystal structure. TEM show that the particles are monodispersed with weak aggromation. The size of the particles calcinated at 700 is about 8nm. The specific areas are 153 m^2·g~ -1 . In addition to, ATO nanoparticles have good electric展开更多
Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using： （1） an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and （2） isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic sol...Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using： （1） an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and （2） isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.展开更多
Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates were prepared by hydrolysis of SnCl4·5H2O and SbCl3 ethanol solutions. Isoamyl acetate was selected as azeotropic drying solvent and was compared with the most co...Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates were prepared by hydrolysis of SnCl4·5H2O and SbCl3 ethanol solutions. Isoamyl acetate was selected as azeotropic drying solvent and was compared with the most commonly used n-butanol solvent on treating precipitate for low hard agglomeration precursor powders. The FT-IR, BET, XRD, and TEM results of the precursor powders and calcinated antimony-doped tin oxide powders were recorded. The results demonstrate that isoamyl acetate is an excellent azeotropic drying solvent that can effectively prevent the agglomeration of particles and greatly improve the fluffiness of the obtained dried powders. After these precursor powders are calcined, antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowders with tetragonal rutile structure and high dispersivity can be obtained.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis represents a promising technology for green hydrogen production,but its widespread deployment is greatly hindered by the indispensable usage of platinum group metal cata...Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis represents a promising technology for green hydrogen production,but its widespread deployment is greatly hindered by the indispensable usage of platinum group metal catalysts,especially iridium(Ir)based materials for the energy-demanding oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we report a new sequential precipitation approach to the synthesis of mixed Ir-nickel(Ni)oxy-hydroxide supported on antimony-doped tin oxide(ATO)nanoparticles(IrNiyO_(x)/ATO,20 wt.%(Ir+Ni),y=0,1,2,and 3),aiming to reduce the utilisation of scarce and precious Ir while maintaining its good acidic OER performance.When tested in strongly acidic electrolyte(0.1 M HClO_(4)),the optimised IrNi1Ox/ATO shows a mass activity of 1.0 mAµgIr^(−1) and a large turnover frequency of 123 s^(−1) at an overpotential of 350 mV,as well as a comparatively small Tafel slope of 50 mV dec^(−1),better than the IrOx/ATO control,particularly with a markedly reduced Ir loading of only 19.7µgIr cm^(−2).Importantly,IrNi1O_(x)/ATO also exhibits substantially better catalytic stability than other reference catalysts,able to continuously catalyse acidic OER at 10 mA cm^(−2) for 15 h without obvious degradation.Our in-situ synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the Ir^(3+)/Ir^(4+)species are the active sites for the acidic OER.Furthermore,the performance of IrNi1Ox/ATO was also preliminarily evaluated in a membrane electrode assembly,which shows better activity and stability than other reference catalysts.The IrNi1Ox/ATO reported in this work is a promising alternative to commercial IrO_(2) based catalysts for PEM electrolysis.展开更多
基金Innovation project of the key laboratory of ministry of educational (I MT04033012)
文摘In this paper, conductive antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) composite particles is prepared by hydroxylation method of metal alcoxides. This method has many advantages such as little pollution, low-cost, simple sheet and equipment. The synthesis processing and the ATO nanoparticles are characterized by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and BET. The results show that the ATO nanoparticles is tetragonal rutile crystal structure. TEM show that the particles are monodispersed with weak aggromation. The size of the particles calcinated at 700 is about 8nm. The specific areas are 153 m^2·g~ -1 . In addition to, ATO nanoparticles have good electric
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (50533060)
文摘Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using： （1） an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and （2） isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.
基金Project(50471027) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates were prepared by hydrolysis of SnCl4·5H2O and SbCl3 ethanol solutions. Isoamyl acetate was selected as azeotropic drying solvent and was compared with the most commonly used n-butanol solvent on treating precipitate for low hard agglomeration precursor powders. The FT-IR, BET, XRD, and TEM results of the precursor powders and calcinated antimony-doped tin oxide powders were recorded. The results demonstrate that isoamyl acetate is an excellent azeotropic drying solvent that can effectively prevent the agglomeration of particles and greatly improve the fluffiness of the obtained dried powders. After these precursor powders are calcined, antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowders with tetragonal rutile structure and high dispersivity can be obtained.
基金supported by the National Innovation Agency of Portugal through the project Baterias 2030(Grant No.POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046109)J R E would like to acknowledge the Fundación General CSIC’s ComFuturo programme which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.101034263+2 种基金The authors appreciate Dr Laura Simonelli and Dr Vlad Martin Diaconescu for their assistance in XAS measurements at the beamline BL22-CLÆSS,ALBA synchrotron(experiment AV-2022025706)R M is grateful to the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)for the doctoral grant(Grant No.2021.06496.BD)R M and A M are grateful for the financial support from:LA/P/0045/2020,UIDB/00511/2020 and UIDP/00511/2020,funded by the national funds through FCT/MCTES(PIDDAC)。
文摘Proton exchange membrane(PEM)water electrolysis represents a promising technology for green hydrogen production,but its widespread deployment is greatly hindered by the indispensable usage of platinum group metal catalysts,especially iridium(Ir)based materials for the energy-demanding oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we report a new sequential precipitation approach to the synthesis of mixed Ir-nickel(Ni)oxy-hydroxide supported on antimony-doped tin oxide(ATO)nanoparticles(IrNiyO_(x)/ATO,20 wt.%(Ir+Ni),y=0,1,2,and 3),aiming to reduce the utilisation of scarce and precious Ir while maintaining its good acidic OER performance.When tested in strongly acidic electrolyte(0.1 M HClO_(4)),the optimised IrNi1Ox/ATO shows a mass activity of 1.0 mAµgIr^(−1) and a large turnover frequency of 123 s^(−1) at an overpotential of 350 mV,as well as a comparatively small Tafel slope of 50 mV dec^(−1),better than the IrOx/ATO control,particularly with a markedly reduced Ir loading of only 19.7µgIr cm^(−2).Importantly,IrNi1O_(x)/ATO also exhibits substantially better catalytic stability than other reference catalysts,able to continuously catalyse acidic OER at 10 mA cm^(−2) for 15 h without obvious degradation.Our in-situ synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the Ir^(3+)/Ir^(4+)species are the active sites for the acidic OER.Furthermore,the performance of IrNi1Ox/ATO was also preliminarily evaluated in a membrane electrode assembly,which shows better activity and stability than other reference catalysts.The IrNi1Ox/ATO reported in this work is a promising alternative to commercial IrO_(2) based catalysts for PEM electrolysis.
