Preparation and characterization of conductive antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles

In this paper, conductive antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) composite particles is prepared by hydroxylation method of metal alcoxides. This method has many advantages such as little pollution, low-cost, simple sheet and equipment. The synthesis processing and the ATO nanoparticles are characterized by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and BET. The results show that the ATO nanoparticles is tetragonal rutile crystal structure. TEM show that the particles are monodispersed with weak aggromation. The size of the particles calcinated at 700 is about 8nm. The specific areas are 153 m^2·g~ -1 . In addition to, ATO nanoparticles have good electric

Structural,morphological,and optical properties of tin(Ⅳ) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Camellia sinensis extract: a green approach

Tin oxide(SnO) nanoparticles were cost-effectively synthesized using nontoxic chemicals and green tea(Camellia sinensis) extract via a green synthesis method. The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction, which indicated that the crystallite size was less than 20 nm. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The morphological analysis revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 30 nm. The optical properties of the nanoparticles’ band gap were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature. The O vacancy defects were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy. The increase in the crystallite size, decreasing band gap, and the increasing intensities of the UV and visible emission peaks indicated that the green-synthesized SnOmay play future important roles in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.

Preparation of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles Using a Sol-Gel Process Based on Tin Dichloride and Absolute Ethanol

Tin oxide nanoparticles with the average size of 17.4 nm (firing at 600℃for 2 h) have been successfully prepared through a sol-gel process starting with tin dichloride and absolute ethanol as precursors.The particles were characterized by TGA,XRD,SEM and TEM.And preliminary sensing properties were given.

Preparation of antimony-doped nanoparticles by hydrothermal method

Antimony-doped tin oxide(ATO) nanoparticles were prepared by the mild hydrothermal method at 200 ℃ using sodium stannate, antimony oxide, sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid as the starting materials. The doped powders were examined by differential thermal analysis(DTA), X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The doping levels of antimony were determined by volumetric method and iodimetry.The results show that antimony is incorporated into the crystal lattice of tin oxide and the doping levels of antimony in the resulting powders are 2.4%, 4.3 % and 5.1 % (molar fraction). The mean particle size of ATO nanoparticles is in the range of 25 - 30 nm. The effects of antimony doping level on the crystalline size and crystallinity were also discussed.

Chemical Investigation of the NO_x Detection Mechanisms by Semiconductor Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

This work reports an FTIR study of the NO_x adsorption/desorption cycles on tin oxide nanosized particles under the operating conditions of real sensors (150℃,in presence of O_2).The chemical reactions are monitored in situ and correlated with the variations of the SnO_2 electrical conductivity.On the basis of the FTIR spectra,two contributing mechanisms for the NO_x detection are suggested.The first one presents the formation of bridged nitrate groups bound to the SnO_2 surface via oxygen vacancies acting as electron donor sites.The second mechanism also involves surface oxygen vacancies in the coordination of NO_x,but this time the formation of NO_x anionic species is considered.Both mechanisms lead to the decrease of the electrical conductivity under NO_x adsorption.However,the bridged nitrate groups are not reversible under gas desorption and thus irreversibly contaminate the surface after the first NO_x adsorption.On the contrary,the nitrosyl anionic species are reversible and,from the second NO_x adsorption/desorption cycle,ensure the reproducibility of the sensor response.

Preparation and Characterization of Indium Doped Tin Oxide （ITO） via a Solvothermal Method

Tin-doped Indium Oxide （ITO） has been successfully prepared via solvothermal method with a mixture of Indium（Ill） acetylacetonate and Tin（IV） bis（acetylacetonate）dichioride in oleyamine solvent under the condition of the different reaction time from 12 h to 48 h for the first time. The morphology, phase composition and particle size of the ITO powder were characterized by TEM and XRD. Two significant properties required for ITO samples to become noncarbon support for Pt in PEMFCs including specific surface area and electrical conductivity were studied.

One-pot synthesis and optical properties of In- and Sn-doped ZnO nanoparticles

Colloidal indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) and tin-doped zinc oxide (ZTO) nanoparticles were successfully prepared in organic solution, with metal acetylacetonate as the precursor and oleylamine as the solvent. The crystal and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV−visible spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively; the surface and structure morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The XRD patterns of the IZO and ZTO nanoparticles all exhibited similar diffraction peaks consistent with the standard XRD pattern of ZnO, although the diffraction peaks of the IZO and ZTO nanoparticles were slightly shifted with increasing dopant concentration. With increasing dopant concentration, the fluorescent emission peaks of the IZO nanoparticles exhibited an obvious red shift because of the difference in atomic radii of indium and zinc, whereas those of the ZTO nanoparticles exhibited almost no shift because of the similarity in atomic radii of tin and zinc. Furthermore, the sizes of the IZO and ZTO nanoparticles distributed in the ranges 20–40 and 20–25 nm, respectively, which is attributed to the difference in ionic radii of indium and tin. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of SnO_2 Nanoparticles

SnO_2 nanoparticles with the average size of 3.7 nm have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The particles were characterized by XRD,SEM and TEM.The XRD results show that the products are all at nanometer scale, and the crystallite size increases with increasing of the heat-treatment temperature.The SEM and TEM photographs indicate that the particles are all monodispersed with narrow size distribution.

Lack of nano size effect on electrochemistry of dopamine at a gold nanoparticle modified indium tin oxide electrode

Nanometer sized materials have been shown to possess excellent chemical and electrochemical catalytic properties.In this work,a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was employed for investigating its electro-catalytic property.AuNP was deposited on the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modified ITO electrode by self-assembly,and was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry.Although the electrochemical reaction of dopamine was very sluggish on the ITO/APTES electrode,it was significantly enhanced after AuNP deposition.The cyclic voltammogram exhibited apparent dependence on the surface coverage of 11 nm AuNPs,which could be rationalized by different modes of mass diffusion.Among the different sizes of AuNP investigated,the lowest anodic peak potential was observed on 11 nm AuNP.However,the potential was still about 50 mV more positive than that obtained on a bulk gold electrode of similar geometry.It is therefore concluded that there is no nanometer size effect of AuNP modified ITO on the electrochemistry of dopamine.

Facile synthesis of graphitic carbon-nitride supported antimony-doped tin oxide nanocomposite and its application for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds

Antimony-doped tin oxide(ATO) nanoparticles with an average size of ～ 6 nm were prepared by co-precipitation and subsequent heat treatment. Graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)/ATO hybrid nanocomposite was designed by the combination of thermally synthesized g-CN and ATO nanoparticles by ultrasonication. The materials were characterized using N2 adsorption/desorption(BET), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). A mixture of five volatile organic compounds(VOCs, chloroform, benzene, toluene, xylene and styrene) was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the samples. The adsorption capacity of ATO nanoparticles was improved by the addition of g-CN. Experimental data showed that, among the five VOCs,chloroform was the least adsorbed, regardless of the samples. The g-CN/ATO showed nearly three times greater adsorption capacity for the VOC mixture than pure ATO. The unchanged efficiency of VOC adsorption during cyclic use demonstrated the completely reversible adsorption and desorption behavior of the nanocomposite at room conditions. This economically and environmentally friendly material can be a practical solution for outdoor and indoor VOC removal.

Gold nanoparticles attached NH^(2+) ion implantation-modified indium tin oxide electrode:Characterization and electrochemical studies

An NH2+ ion implantation-modified indium tin oxide film was prepared and the implantation of amino groups on the indium tin oxide substrate was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis.The gold nanoparticles attached surface could be obtained by self-assembly of different sized colloidal gold nanoparticles onto the NH2+ ion implantation-modified indium tin oxide surface.By scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques,the as-prepared AuNPs attached NH2+ ion implantation-modified indium tin oxide electrode was characterized and compared with bare indium tin oxide electrode.Using a [Fe(CN)6]3 /[Fe(CN)6]4 redox probe,the increasingly facile heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics resulting from the attached gold nanoparticle arrays was observed.The gold nanoparticle arrays exhibited high catalytic activity toward the electro-oxidation of nitric oxide,which could provide electroanalytical application for nitric oxide sensing.

ITO纳米线原位包覆Pt纳米粒子用于电化学检测抗坏血酸和多巴胺

L-抗坏血酸(AA,又称维生素C)和多巴胺(DA)在人类生命活动中起着重要作用,当它们的浓度异常时就会引起疾病。因此,开发一种有效地检测AA和DA水平的方法具有重要的意义。以阳极氧化铝(AAO)薄膜为模板,采用真空机械注入法制备铟锡(InSn)合金纳米线(NWs),然后采用原位放电还原法在InSn纳米线表面涂覆Pt纳米颗粒并将复合材料暴露在空气中进行热处理,以合成PtO_(2)/ITO(氧化铟锡)纳米线。最后,在H_(2)气氛下还原PtO_(2)/ITO纳米线,得到Pt/ITO纳米线。结果表明,在Pt/ITO纳米线复合材料中,ITO纳米线直径约为40 nm,Pt纳米颗粒的粒径为2~5 nm。采用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法测试了在Pt/ITO NWs电极上检测AA和DA的电化学性能。Pt/ITO NWs电极对AA(66.7μmol/L)和DA(1μmol/L)的检出限较低,表明了电极对AA和DA良好的电化学检测能力。

基于碳纳米管-纳米氧化锡的电化学传感器灵敏检测对苯二酚

采用滴涂法将碳纳米管-纳米氧化锡复合材料修饰于玻碳电极表面,制备电化学传感器,应用循环伏安法探究对苯二酚在电极上的氧化还原行为。研究表明:当碳纳米管含量为5 mg/mL、纳米氧化锡含量为3 mg/mL、扫描速率为100 mV/s、磷酸缓冲溶液pH=6.0时,测得对苯二酚的线性范围为5.0×10^(-4)~5.0×10^(-7)mol/L,检测限达8.0×10^(-8)mol/L,相对标准偏差为5.4%~6.8%。水样中对苯二酚的加标回收率在93.0%~105%之间。该方法快速简便、准确灵敏,有望用于实际化工行业废水中酚类污染物的检测。

纳米颗粒透明隔热涂料的制备与性能研究

采用羟基丙烯酸树脂与氨基树脂,外加纳米铯钨青铜(Cs_(x)WO_(3))、氧化锡锑(ATO)及助、溶剂制备了纳米颗粒透明隔热涂料。探究了丙烯酸树脂羟基含量、氨基树脂、流平剂及附着力促进剂对隔热涂层性能的影响。结果表明:羟基质量分数为1.7%~2.2%的丙烯酸树脂与高亚氨基高甲基化氨基树脂固化效果最佳,ATO/Cs_(x)WO_(3)按质量比1∶2添加可使涂层隔热透光效果兼优,聚醚改性有机硅流平剂可提升涂层耐划痕性且不影响漆膜外观,氨基硅烷类附着力促进剂可显著提升涂料热贮稳定性。

Topologically patterning of polyvinyl alcohol microstructures for vertical-/hybrid-aligned nematic liquid-crystal gratings doped with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles

We demonstrate a soft lithography approach for fabrication of a topographically patterned polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） liquid-crystal （LC） alignment layer. This specific approach employs modified micromolding in capillaries for negative replication of the PVA microstructures on indium tin oxide （ITO） substrates from patterned poly （dimethylsiloxane） molds in a single step, leading to planar alignment on the desired regions. By doping with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles, which can induce vertical alignment on bare ITO surfaces, periodic LC phase gratings based on an alternating vertical-aligned/hybrid-aligned nematic geometry are presented as an application, and a theoretical model was used to simulate and examine the experimental results.

配合-水热氧化法合成锑掺杂二氧化锡纳米粉末

以锡酸钠、锑白和硫酸为原料,酒石酸氢钠为配合剂,双氧水为氧化剂,采用配合水热氧化法在水热氧化温度为240℃和水热保温时间为17 h时,合成单分散性的蓝色锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO)粉末,用差热分析、红外光谱、X射线衍射和透射电镜对所制得的粉末进行表征,并对ATO纳米粉体的配合水热氧化合成机理进行探讨。研究结果表明:合成的ATO纳米粉体结晶性好,容易过滤洗涤,粒度分布窄(平均颗粒度为50 nm左右),基本无团聚。在纳米ATO粉体制备过程中晶核的生成和生长是分离的,从而能够得到形状一致、大小均匀的纳米粉末。

铟锡氧化物(ITO)纳米颗粒的制备及表征

以金属 In 和 SnCl4·5H2O 为主要原料, 加入保护剂 PVP, 利用化学共沉淀法合成了球形的铟锡氧化物(ITO)纳米颗粒。分别对 PVP 的用量、溶液的 pH 值、热处理温度等因素对 ITO 纳米颗粒粒径的影响进行了分析。并且借助透射电镜(TEM)、X 射线衍射(XRD)对所合成的 ITO 纳米颗粒进行了表征。XRD 分析说明本文合成了金刚砂型结构的铟锡氧化物纳米颗粒, 并且其晶型结构随着热处理温度的升高而转变为铁锰矿型。

直接电沉积金纳米粒子修饰氧化铟锡电极测定亚硝酸根

以电化学沉积法一步制得了金纳米粒子（GNP）修饰氧化铟锡（ITO）电极，采用紫外、扫描电镜及循环伏安法对GNP／ITO修饰电极进行了表征。结果表明，金纳米粒子在ITO电极表面呈球形，分布均匀无团聚，粒径约30nm。该修饰电极具有良好的电化学性能，在pH2．2的Na2HPO4-柠檬酸缓冲溶液中其氧化峰电流与NO2^-的浓度呈良好的线性关系，线性范围为5×10^-6～5．5×10^-4mol／L，线性回归方程为：i（μA）=1.07＋136C（mmol／L），相关系数r=0．9969；检出限可达1．0×10^-6mol／L。该修饰电极用于废水中NO2^-的测定，结果令人满意。

水基溶胶凝胶法制备纳米氧化铟锡粉末

以In和SnCl4·5H2O为原料，聚乙二醇（平均分子量20000）为分散剂，控制溶胶．凝胶过程，在水溶液体系中应用无机物形成了稳定的溶胶凝胶。pH值易于控制，通过溶胶渗析（纯化去除Cl^-）、凝胶转化，得到了稳定的m（In）：m（Sn）=9：1铟锡混合溶胶。将转化后的溶胶在60℃真空干燥8～10h，得到干凝胶。将铟、锡氢氧化物水合凝胶在500℃煅烧，得到纳米ITO粉体。用TG、XRD、TEM、BET等检测技术对工艺过程和氧化铟锡的形貌、粒径进行了表征和分析。结果表明，当煅烧温度在500℃时，In，Sn（OH）3水合凝胶已完全转变成纯立方相In2O3，Sn^4＋离子镶嵌在In2O3的晶格中，SnO2的掺杂并未使粉末形成新的物相。最终得到了单相立方晶系的高纯氧化铟锡（ITO）粉末，颗粒呈球形，比表面积为50m^2/g，粒径尺寸在（15±5）nm。制备方法简化了工艺过程，反应条件温和，有潜在的工业应用价值。

水热法合成单分散性锑掺杂氧化锡纳米导电粉体

以草酸亚锡和酒石酸锑钾为原料,在260℃用高温水热法一步合成具有纳米结构单分散性的锑掺杂氧化锡纳米导电粉体。用X射线衍射仪、比表面测定仪、透射电子显微镜(transmissionelectronmicroscope,TEM)等表征合成的粉体。结果表明:所合成的粉体均为氧化锡的四方金红石结构,随Sb3+含量的增加,纳米晶粒尺寸减小,结晶性能下降,但粉体的比表面积迅速增加。Sb3+的摩尔分数由1%增加到18%时,粉体的比表面积由70.6m2/g增加到160.7m2/g。TEM显示:粉体的分散性能良好,基本呈单分散状态,随锑掺量的增加晶粒的结晶性能下降。