Use of albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone, and combined solutions as scolicidal agents on hydatid cysts (in vitro study)

AIM： TO establish which scolicidal agents are superior and more suitable for regular use. METHODS： Echinococcus granu/osus protoscoleces were obtained from 25 patients with liver hydatid cysts. Various concentrations of albendazole sulfone, albendazole sulfoxide, and albendazole sulfone and albendazole sulfoxide mixed together in concentrations of 50 μg/mL, and H202 in a concentration of 4%, NaCI 20%, and 1.5% cetrimide-0.15% chlorhexidine （10% Savlon-Turkey） were used to determine the scolicidal effects. Albendazole （ABZ） derivatives and other scolicidal agents were applied to a minimum of 100 scoleces for 5 and 10 min. The degree of viability was calculated according to the number of living scolices per field from a total of 100 scolices observed under the microscope. RESULTS： After 5 min, ABZ sulfone was 97.3% effective, ABZ sulfoxide was 98.4% effective, and the combined solution was 98.6% effective. When sulfone, sulfoxide and the combined solutions were compared, the combined solution seemed more effective than sulfone. However, there was no difference when the combined solution was compared with sulfoxide. After 10 min, hypertonic salt water, sulfone, sulfoxide, and the combined solution compared to other solutions looked more effective and this was statistically significant on an advanced level. When sulfone, sulfoxide, and the combined solutions were compared with each other, the combined solution appeared more effective than sulfone. When the combined solution was compared with sulfoxide, there was no difference. CONCLUSION： Despite being active, ABZ metabolites did not provide a marked advantage over 20% hypertonic saline. According to these results, we think creating a newly improved and more active preparation is necessary for hydatid cyst treatment.

The combined time-frequency analysis of the acoustic signals backscattered from ultrasonic contrast agents in the evaluation of the blood perfusion

Objective: To analyze the non-periodic, unstable and even chaotic echoes scattered from microbubbles which are extremely sensitive and may easily collapse, fragment or shrink when ultrasound contrast agents are exposed to ultrasound (US) irradiation. Methods: The combined time-frequency analysis was applied to the original signals instead of the traditional Fourier spectral analysis technique. Results: The results obtained from simulation as well as experiment showed that the subharmonic, 2nd harmonic and ultra harmonic of the microbubbles occurred during the oscillation and varied with time. The dependence on the incident ultrasonic amplitude and microbubble parameters were established. Conclusion: The transient echoes backscattered from the ultrasound agent in the evaluation of the blood perfusion can be analyzed thoroughly by the technique of combined-frequency analysis and the time detail of the frequency contents can be revealed.

Antiangiogenic agents combined with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer

As a targeted therapy, antiangiogenic treatment has been increasingly studied for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and has proven effective for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting angiogenesis, is the only antiangiogenic agent approved for use in combination with first-line chemotherapy for non-squamous NSCLC. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting the tyrosine kinase receptor have also shown promise when combined with standard chemotherapeutic agents in patients with advanced NSCLC. However, unlike bevacizumab, not all other antiangiogenic agents show significant benefits when combined with chemotherapy. As for the failures of most other combinations, the combination schedule may be an important reason that has so far been overlooked in clinical trials. This article reviews the combination of angiogenic agents with chemotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC.

Treatment of malignant digestive tract obstruction by combined intraluminal stent installation and intra-arterial drug infusion

AIM: To study the palliative treatment of malignant obstruction of digestive tract with placement of intraluminal stent combined with intra-arterial infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs. METHODS: A total of 281 cases of digestive tract malignant obstruction were given per oral (esophagus, stomach, duodenum and jejunum), per anal (colon and rectum) and percutaneous transhepatic (biliary) installation of metallic stent. Among them, 203 cases received drug infusion by cannulation of tumor supplying artery with Seldinger's technique. RESULTS: Altogether 350 stents were installed in 281 cases, obstructive symptoms were relieved or ameliorated after installation. Occurrence of restenotic obstruction was 8-43 weeks among those with intra-arterial drug infusion, which was later than 4-26 weeks in the group with only stent installation. The average survival time of the former group was 43 (3-105) weeks, which was significantly longer than 13 (3-24) weeks of the latter group. CONCLUSION: Intraluminal placement of stent combined with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy is one of the effective palliative therapies for malignant obstruction of the digestive tract with symptomatic as well as etiological treatment.

Combined therapeutic effects of cytotoxic agent and differentiation-inducer on human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC-7901

Objective:To study the combined therapeutic effects of cytotoxic agent and differentiation-inducer on human gas tric carcinoma celll line SGC-7901 in vitro. Methods: The combined therapeutic effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), interferon a (IFNa)and fluorouracil (5-Fu) on gastric carcinoma cell line ax 7901 were observed when one of the 3, the combination of any 2 of the 3 and combination of all the 3 were administered respectively. The morphological and functional changes of gastric carcinoma cells were studied with MTT assay, flow cytometry, image analysis and determination of CEA content in the culture medium of the cells. Results: The cytostatic rate was increased as shown by the decrease of the rate of colony formation of the cells on culture disc when one agent, the combination of 2 agents and the combination of the 3 were administered progressively. The cells were relatively accumulated in the phase of G0/G1 and synthesis of DNA in he cells was inhibited.The malignant phenotype of the cells disappeared gradually while the characteristics of matUre cells were in creased. Meanwhile, CEA Level in the culture medium was decreased progressively. Apoptosis of the cells was oborved and a large amount of apoptotic apoptotic were found. Conclusion: The administration of the 3 agents in combination result in signif icant inhibition on proliferation, inducing of differention and promotion of apoptosis of gastric caxcinoma cells. The combina tion of cytotoxic agent and differention-inducer exerts significant inhibition on gastric carcinoma cells in vitro.

Time-limited,Combined Regimen in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia:A Promising Strategy to Achieve a Drug Holiday

Chemoimmunotherapy(CIT)is defined as standard first line treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)patients while patients with unfavorable biological characteristics such as unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain(UM-IGHV)and TP53 aberration failed to benefit from it.The emergency of the small molecular targeted agents including Bruton’s tyrosine kinase(BTK)inhibitor(BTKi)leads to a brand-new era,from a CIT to a chemo-free era in CLL.However,the treatment of target agents is not enough to attain a deep remission and high rate of complete remission(CR),especially in patients with high risks.The long duration brought about problems,such as cost,drug resistance and toxicity.To benefit CLL in progression free survival(PFS)and long-term remission,exploration of time-limited therapies,mainly with BTKi plus CIT and BCL2i based combination therapy has become a mainstream in clinical trials.The time-limited combination therapy shed light on the promising potentiality to attain sustainable deep remission and partly overcame the risk factors,although long term follow-up is required to consolidate the conclusion.In this review,we intend to introduce key results of clinical trials with combination therapy,discuss the achievements and limitations and put forward future direction for clinical trial design in this field.

Combined Ang-2 and VEGF Targeting Therapies in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from pre-existing ones, is an important feature of tumor growth that has been exploited as a therapeutic target in oncology. Given its key role in facilitating blood vessel sprouting, VEGF has been a major focus of anti-angiogenic strategies, but the observation of resistance in some clinical trials utilizing such agents has led to a search for new or complementary targets in angiogenesis process. The Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway and in particular the Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) ligand which is critically involved in the destabilization of normal vasculature, has been identified as one such target. The current study investigated the potential benefits of combining an Ang-2 targeted therapy with small molecule VEGF targeted agents (Sunitinib, Cediranib) in a human renal cell carcinoma model. The results showed that while both Ang-2 and VEGF interference on their own impaired tumor growth and new blood vessel formation, the combination of agents that targeted both pathways resulted in significantly superior anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects.

煤矿井下掘进机器人路径规划方法研究

针对煤矿非全断面巷道条件下掘进机器人移机难度大、效率低下等问题,分析了煤矿井下非结构化环境特征及掘进机器人运动特性,提出了基于深度强化学习的掘进机器人机身路径规划方法。利用深度相机将巷道环境实时重建,在虚拟环境中建立掘进机器人与巷道环境的碰撞检测模型,并使用层次包围盒法进行虚拟环境碰撞检测,形成巷道边界受限下的避障策略。考虑到掘进机器人形体大小且路径规划过程目标单一,在传统SAC算法的基础上引入后见经验回放技术,提出HER-SAC算法,该算法通过环境初始目标得到的轨迹扩展目标子集,以增加训练样本、提高训练速度。在此基础上,基于奖惩机制建立智能体,根据掘进机器人运动特性定义其状态空间与动作空间,在同一场景下分别使用3种算法对智能体进行训练,综合平均奖励值、最高奖励值、达到最高奖励值的步数以及鲁棒性4项性能指标进行对比分析。为进一步验证所提方法的可靠性,采用虚实结合的方式,通过调整目标位置设置2种实验场景进行掘进机器人的路径规划,并将传统SAC算法和HER-SAC算法的路径结果进行对比。结果表明:相较于PPO算法和SAC算法,HER-SAC算法收敛速度更快、综合性能达到最优;在2种实验场景下,HER-SAC算法相比传统SAC算法规划出的路径更加平滑、路径长度更短、路径终点与目标位置的误差在3.53 cm以内,能够有效地完成移机路径规划任务。该方法为煤矿掘进机器人的自主移机控制奠定了理论基础,为煤矿掘进设备自动化提供了新方法。

Calcium carbonate promotes the formation and stability of soil macroaggregates in mining areas of China

We studied changes in the concentrations of aggregate-cementing agents after different reclamation times and with different fertilization regimes,as well as the formation mechanism of aggregates in reclaimed soil,to provide a theoretical basis for rapid reclamation of soil fertility in the subsidence area of coal mines in Shanxi Province,China.In this study,soil samples of 0–20 cm depth were collected from four fertilization treatments of a longterm experiment started in 2008:no fertilizer (CK),inorganic fertilizer (NPK),chicken manure compost (M),and50%inorganic fertilizer plus 50%chicken manure compost (MNPK).The concentrations of cementing agents and changes in soil aggregate size distribution and stability were analysed.The results showed that the formation of>2 mm aggregates,the aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD),and the proportion of>0.25 mm water-stable aggregates (WR_(0.25)) increased significantly after 6 and 11 years of reclamation.The concentration of organic cementing agents tended to increase with reclamation time,whereas free iron oxide (Fed) and free aluminium oxide(Ald) concentrations initially increased but then decreased.In general,the MNPK treatment signi?cantly increased the concentrations of organic cementing agents and CaCO_(3),and CaCO_(3) increased by 60.4%at 11 years after reclamation.Additionally,CaCO_(3) had the greatest effect on the stability of aggregates,promoting the formation of>0.25 mm aggregates and accounting for 54.4%of the variance in the proportion and stability of the aggregates.It was concluded that long-term reclamation is bene?cial for improving soil structure.The MNPK treatment was the most effective measure for increasing maize grain yield and concentration of organic cementing agents and CaCO_(3).

企业委托贷款制度的理论反思及其功能化构造

企业委托贷款制度是企业融资创新与金融监管政策结合的产物,商业银行在委托贷款制度中的角色定位既有监管属性又有代理人特征。商业银行在金融法与民商法中的二元定位为委托贷款法律关系的厘清造成了混乱,不仅未能发挥更好的监督能效,而且引发了不容小觑的金融风险。因此,规制委托贷款需要从民商法与金融法结合视角,通过厘清委托贷款中以商业银行为核心的内外部法律关系,合理安排委托贷款法律关系各方权利格局,实现商业银行民事责任的归位与强化,以维护主体间利益平衡。推动委托贷款立法与司法规制系统适配,行政监管与金融司法协调互补,以促进委托贷款理论革新与制度优化,实现防范化解重大金融风险的制度目标。

去甲基化药物联合维奈克拉在急性髓系白血病造血干细胞移植中的应用进展

移植后复发是导致急性白血病异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)失败的主要原因,复发患者的挽救性治疗效果有限,预后往往很差,很少有患者能够长期存活。去甲基化药物(hypomethylating agents, HMAs)联合维奈克拉(Venetoclax, VEN)的治疗已经成为指南推荐的对于≥60岁尤其是不适合强化疗的初治急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia, AML)患者的新标准治疗方案。但关于allo-HSCT过程中HMAs+VEN的联合治疗,目前临床应用较少。本文就二者联合应用于桥接allo-HSCT、移植后复发预防及挽救治疗中的作用作一综述,以阐明其治疗AML移植患者的整体疗效,进一步指导其在allo-HSCT中的临床应用。

油料作物联合外源添加物强化重金属污染农田修复效果的研究进展

本文综述了螯合剂、氯化物、微生物与油料作物联合的相关研究进展。发现不同联合应用的修复效果和修复机理有所差异,同一油料作物联合三种修复手段产生的修复效果不同,从而修复不同污染类型和污染程度土壤时有更适宜的搭配,为提高油料作物修复效率提供更多新的思路和参考。

产品生命周期下企业多认知主体的多属性决策

为探讨产品生命周期下企业多认知主体对提高产品研发方案多属性决策评价准确性的问题,通过周期阶段和认知主体的双维度,进行主体常权的周期调整变权研究,对研发方案进行多属性决策。构造多认知主体常权,以信息熵生成专家主体常权,并以模糊学和定量卡诺(Analytical Kano,A-Kano)获取需求分类信息和用户主体常权;构造产品生命周期变换的组合权,以用户主体的需求分类信息判断产品周期性阶段,并以G2序关系确认多认知主体周期调整变权;最后将周期调整变权-组合权代入多准则妥协解排序法(VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje,VIKOR)完成产品方案妥协优选。以某企业智能扫地机器人的研发评价会为例,验证该集成评价方法的有效性。结果表明:该方法能帮助管理者认识到不同认知主体在产品生命周期不同阶段下的建议以促进实现方案优选,进而改进现有企业周期阶段的评价流程。

农村地区高血压患者服药情况及影响因素研究:基于家庭医生签约服务

背景高血压是心血管疾病主要的危险因素,降压用药不仅要考虑患者血压特征,也要考虑患者合并症情况。现阶段,基于家庭医生签约服务对高血压患者的服药状况及影响因素研究比较缺乏。目的调查安徽省界首市家庭医生签约服务的高血压患者服药现状,描述患者服药行为与患者特征之间的关联,探索患者用药调整的影响因素,并分析基层高血压患者用药的合理性。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2021年7—8月从安徽省界首市随机抽取48个行政村,通过面对面调查法采用自制问卷收集患者特征和服药数据,参照《国家基层高血压防治管理指南2020版》将问卷中患者提到的降压药分为如下5类:A类为血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)和血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB),B类为β受体阻滞剂,C类为钙通道阻滞剂(CCB),D类为利尿剂,E类为单片复方制剂。通过科大讯飞智能语音血压计的后台获取患者上传的近1年血压数据,分析不同特征患者的服药行为。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨高血压患者用药调整的影响因素。本研究中联合用药是指服用复方制剂或2种以上降压药,用药调整是指患者过去服用其他降压药。结果本研究共纳入高血压患者3005例,其中男1291例(43.0%)、女1714例(57.0%),平均年龄为(65.5±9.8)岁,高血压服药率为79.1%,联合用药率为40.2%。2376例服用降压药的患者中,不同类型降压药服用率从高到低依次为(部分患者存在联合用药):E类(39.6%)、C类(35.1%)、D类(20.3%)、A类(20.1%)、B类(3.7%);服用最多的降压药为复方利血平(33.7%)。对于年均血压≥160/100mm Hg的患者,仍有12.2%和4.9%未服用降压药。患者联合用药以E类降压药为主。年均“舒张压≥100 mm Hg”且“患合并症”的患者,调整后A类和C类降压药的服用率增加相对较多,年均“收缩压≥160 mm Hg”且“未患合并症”的患者,调整后E类降压药的服用率增加相对较多。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,服药年数长(OR=1.042,95%CI=1.031~1.053,P<0.001)、初中以上文化程度(OR=1.488,95%CI=1.195~1.853,P<0.001)、合并高脂血症(OR=1.267,95%CI=1.052~1.525,P=0.013)、合并心血管疾病(OR=1.394,95%CI=1.166~1.667,P<0.001)、合并脑血管疾病(OR=1.258,95%CI=1.040~1.522,P=0.018)是患者用药调整的促进因素,高龄(OR=0.980,95%CI=0.971~0.990,P<0.001)是用药调整的抑制因素。结论界首市农村地区高血压患者的服药率较高,主要服用E类和C类降压药。服药年数长、初中以上文化程度、合并高脂血症、合并心脑血管疾病是患者用药调整的促进因素,高龄是用药调整的抑制因素。

PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合抗血管内皮生长因子药物免疫治疗晚期肝癌的研究进展

肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是全球高发的恶性肿瘤。程序性死亡蛋白-1(programmed death protein-1,PD-1)/程序性死亡蛋白配体-1(programmed death protein ligand-1,PD-L1)抑制剂可通过阻断T细胞负调节信号,抑制肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸途径,重新激活抗肿瘤免疫应答过程,成为晚期HCC治疗的新手段。然而,长期临床结果显示,采用PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂单药治疗晚期HCC的病人仍存在较高的复发率和转移率。免疫联合疗法是目前针对晚期HCC患者的新的治疗策略,其中PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)药物在晚期HCC治疗中显示出了良好的疗效和安全性。PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合抗VEGF药物可通过参与癌症免疫循环途径抑制肝癌细胞的生长。该文就PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合抗VEGF药物在晚期HCC治疗中的临床研究作一综述。

生物制剂联合传统药物治疗银屑病的临床应用

银屑病是一种常见的慢性、复发性、炎症性、系统性疾病,主要表现在皮肤和关节,临床上治疗银屑病的方法主要包括传统药物、光疗和生物制剂等。然而,传统药物缺乏选择性和特异性,用于银屑病治疗往往不能达到预期的治疗效果,生物制剂作为靶向治疗药物使银屑病的治疗进入了新的时代,随着生物制剂的出现,大部分患者取得了良好的疗效,但仍有部分患者未见明显效果。近年来,越来越多的专家学者提出联合治疗方案,相比单一药物治疗,生物制剂联合传统药物用于银屑病患者可以提高治疗效果。肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)拮抗剂联合传统药物治疗斑块型银屑病、关节病型银屑病、脓疱型银屑病取得了较好的疗效;白细胞介素(IL)-17A拮抗剂联合传统药物治疗脓疱型银屑病、红皮病型银屑病、斑块型银屑病等也逐渐被报道;IL-23拮抗剂联合传统药物治疗关节病型银屑病、掌跖脓疱病等也逐渐被证实。本文对近年来生物制剂联合传统药物治疗银屑病的有效性及安全性进行综述。

基于正交设计的栲胶-沸石结合复鞣工艺研究

为了提高TWS鞣制白湿革的收缩温度及物理力学性能,以沸石鞣剂用量、转动时间、中和pH、固定温度为影响因素,以坯革收缩温度、力学性能为考察指标,设计正交试验方案,进行植物-沸石结合复鞣工艺优化试验。结果表明:沸石鞣剂用量对收缩温度具有决定性影响,转动时间对抗张强度和崩破强度的影响最大,中和pH对撕裂强度的影响最大;最佳工艺参数为:BS用量5%,转动时间3小时,中和pH 5.5,固定温度30℃,所得坯革收缩温度89.5℃,撕裂强度75.00 N·mm-1,抗张强度11.53 N·mm-2,崩破强度205.69 N·mm-1。实验对无铬生态皮革的复鞣工艺设计具有重要参考意义。

基于智能体仿真的多模式交通组合出行建模及减碳治理分析

传统交通规划模型以单一交通方式为对象,无法评估现阶段多模式组合出行的系统运行效益。基于BEAM(Behavior,Energy,Autonomy and Mobility)智能体仿真模型,探究居民多模式交通组合出行的动态演化及减碳治理策略的综合效益。结果表明:BEAM模型能够较好地反映居民多模式交通组合出行特征,如慢行-公交多模式交通占比约25.1%,与实际出行方式分担率基本一致。同时,探究多模式交通组合出行次数及出行距离随时间的演化过程,分析多模式交通通勤出行特征。此外,计算模式转移的减碳效益:每降低1%小汽车使用比例,交通碳排放总量可降低7%,人均日碳排放量减少约0.14kg。

草铵膦·高氟吡·乙羧氟2种不同复配剂对环境非靶标生物的急性毒性与风险评估

为了开发新型农药制剂并减轻农药对环境的污染,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法,测定草胺膦·高氟吡·乙羧氟的不同复配剂(21%草铵膦·高氟吡·乙羧氟水乳剂、23%草铵膦·高氟吡·乙羧氟微乳剂)对斑马鱼、大型溞、羊角月牙藻、蜜蜂、家蚕5种非靶标生物的急性毒性。结果表明,21%草铵膦·高氟吡·乙羧氟水乳剂和23%草铵膦·高氟吡·乙羧氟微乳剂对斑马鱼中毒;对大型溞、蜜蜂和家蚕低毒;基于生长抑制率和生物量增长抑制率,21%草铵膦·高氟吡·乙羧氟水乳剂对羊角月牙藻的毒性分别为中毒和高毒,23%草铵膦·高氟吡·乙羧氟微乳剂对羊角月牙藻的毒性都为高毒。通过进一步的风险评估可知,这2种复配剂对蜜蜂的风险等级为可接受,但对家蚕的风险等级为不可接受,因此在蚕室及桑园附近禁用这2种复配剂,并在桑田周围种植高大树木作为隔离带,以减少漂移的农药量。

“芬顿+重捕剂”组合工艺处理电镀化镍废水效能研究

为考察“芬顿+重捕剂”组合工艺对电镀化镍废水的处理效能,利用小试试验对市场上五种二硫代氨基甲酸盐类(DTC类)重捕剂进行比选,并在对单独芬顿工艺优化基础上,对组合工艺进行实际化镍废水达标处理和成本分析,确定组合工艺的最佳契合点。试验结果表明,DTC-2为较适宜的重捕剂,具有pH适应范围广(3.0~11.0)、抗干扰性强、去除Ni速度快、处理成本低(1.20元/t)等优点。确定了单独芬顿工艺中Fe^(2+)/H_(2)O_(2)较优的投加摩尔比为0.8,此时破络效果最好,络合Ni的去除率高达98.5%。组合工艺参数优化表明,当处理芬顿出水中络合Ni剩余质量浓度为0.2、0.3、0.5、0.7、1.0、1.5 mg/L时,重捕剂DTC-2(1%)投药量分别为0.08、0.19、0.5、1.25、7.5、25 mL/L,废水均能达标排放(络合Ni浓度≤0.1 mg/L)。“芬顿+重捕剂”组合工艺最佳契合方案为先芬顿处理化镍废水至剩余Ni含量为1.0 mg/L左右,再利用重捕剂DTC-2捕集去除至达标排放,此时组合工艺的处理成本最低(7.79元/t)。