Clinical efficacy and pathological outcomes of transanal endoscopic intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Transanal endoscopic intersphincteric resection(ISR)surgery currently lacks sufficient clinical research and reporting.AIM To investigate the clinical effectiveness of transanal endoscopic ISR,in order to promote the clinical application and development of this technique.METHODS This study utilized a retrospective case series design.Clinical and pathological data of patients with lower rectal cancer who underwent transanal endoscopic ISR at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University between May 2018 and May 2023 were included.All patients underwent transanal endoscopic ISR as the surgical approach.We conducted this study to determine the perioperative recovery status,postoperative complications,and pathological specimen charac-teristics of this group of patients.RESULTS This study included 45 eligible patients,with no perioperative mortalities.The overall incidence of early complications was 22.22%,with a rate of 4.44%for Clavien-Dindo grade≥III events.Two patients(4.4%)developed anastomotic leakage after surgery,including one case of grade A and one case of grade B.Postoperative pathological examination confirmed negative circumferential resection margins and distal resection margins in all patients.The mean distance between the tumor lower margin and distal resection margin was found to be 2.30±0.62 cm.The transanal endoscopic ISR procedure consistently yielded high quality pathological specimens.CONCLUSION Transanal endoscopic ISR is safe,feasible,and provides a clear anatomical view.It is associated with a low incidence of postoperative complications and favorable pathological outcomes,making it worth further research and application.

Intersphincteric resection and coloanal anastomosis in the treatment of distal rectal cancers

Objective:In the evolving era of minimal access surgery,low rectal cancers still pose a challenge to laparoscopic or robotic surgeons.Hence,at our institute we intended to demonstrate the oncological efficacy of intersphincteric resection and coloanal anastomosis in the treatment of distal rectal cancers,performing the abdominal part of the procedure which includes rectal mobilization,laparoscopically.Methods:From February 2017 to March 2021,125 patients who had undergone intersphincteric resection and coloanal anastomosis via the perineal approach at Galaxy Care Laparoscopic Institute,Pune,were included in this study.Transabdominal mobilization of the rectum was performed laparoscopically.All patients had a diversion ileostomy and a pelvic drain.Patients were followed-up for a period of 18 months post-surgery.Data on clinical and oncological outcomes were collected and analysed.The pre-operative and post-operative Wexner incontinence scores were compared.Results:The mean time taken for surgery was 181.57±30.00 min.The mean blood loss was 119.76±42.53 mL.Most patients(103,82.4%)had their tumour at a distance of 1e2 cm from the anal verge.A loco-regional recurrence rate of 12.8%(16/125)was noted in our study.For the post-surgery Wexner score,74.4% of patients(93/125)had a score of 5 or less,depicting that three-quarters of the study population had satisfactory continence.Overall,81.6%of patients were satisfied with the functional results of surgery.Conclusion:Intersphincteric resection and coloanal anastomosis,with a 12.8%recurrence rate,can now be considered an oncological and technically feasible procedure with sphincter salvage and good continence.

Long-term outcomes and failure patterns after laparoscopic intersphincteric resection in ultralow rectal cancers

BACKGROUND Intersphincteric resection(ISR),the ultimate anus-preserving technique for ultralow rectal cancers,is an alternative to abdominoperineal resection(APR).The failure patterns and risk factors for local recurrence and distant metastasis remain controversial and require further investigation.AIM To investigate the long-term outcomes and failure patterns after laparoscopic ISR in ultralow rectal cancers.METHODS Patients who underwent laparoscopic ISR(LsISR)at Peking University First Hospital between January 2012 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.Correlation analysis was performed using the Chi-square or Pearson's correlation test.Prognostic factors for overall survival(OS),local recurrence-free survival(LRFS),and distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS)were analyzed using Cox regression.RESULTS We enrolled 368 patients with a median follow-up of 42 mo.Local recurrence and distant metastasis occurred in 13(3.5%)and 42(11.4%)cases,respectively.The 3-year OS,LRFS,and DMFS rates were 91.3%,97.1%,and 90.1%,respectively Multivariate analyses revealed that LRFS was associated with positive lymph node status[hazard ratio(HR)=5.411,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.413-20.722,P=0.014]and poor differentiation(HR=3.739,95%CI:1.171-11.937,P=0.026),whereas the independent prognostic factors for DMFS were positive lymph node status(HR=2.445,95%CI:1.272-4.698,P=0.007)and(y)pT3 stage(HR=2.741,95%CI:1.225-6.137,P=0.014).CONCLUSION This study confirmed the oncological safety of LsISR for ultralow rectal cancer.Poor differentiation,(y)pT3 stage,and lymph node metastasis are independent risk factors for treatment failure after LsISR,and thus patients with these factors should be carefully managed with optimal neoadjuvant therapy,and for patients with a high risk of local recurrence(N+or poor differentiation),extended radical resection(such as APR instead of ISR)may be more effective.

Clinical outcome of intersphincteric resection for ultra-low rectal cancer

AIM： To analyze oncological outcome of intersphincteric resection （ISR） in ultra-low rectal cancer with intent to spare colostoma. METHODS： From 1995 to 1998, patients with a nonfixed rectal adenocarcinoma （tumor stage T2） preserving the lower margin at 1-3 cm above the dentate line without distant metastasis was enrolled （period I）. ISR was practiced in eight patients, and their postoperative followup was at least 5 years. In addition, from 1999 to 2003, another 10 patients having the same tumor location as period Ⅰ underwent ISR （period Ⅱ）. Among those, 6 patients with T3-4-staged tumor received preoperative chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS： All patients received ISR with curative intention and no postoperative mortality. In these case series at period Ⅰ, local recurrence rate was 12.5% and metastasis rate 25.0%; the S-year survival rate was 87.5% and disease-free survival rate 75.0%. There was no local recurrence or distant metastases in 10 patients with a median follow-up of 30 （range, 18-47） mo at period Ⅱ. CONCLUSION： As to ultra-low rectal cancer, intersphincteric resection could provide acceptable local control and cancerrelated survival with no permanent stoma in early-staged tumor （tumor stage T2）; more- over, preoperative concurrent chemoradiotheraw would make ISR feasible with surgical curative intent in more advanced tumors （tumor stages T3-4）.

Narrow pelvic inlet plane area and obesity as risk factors for anastomotic leakage after intersphincteric resection

BACKGROUND Intersphincteric resection(ISR)has been increasingly used as the ultimate sphincter-preserving procedure in extremely low rectal cancer.The most critical complication of this technique is anastomotic leakage.The incidence rate of anastomotic leakage after ISR has been reported to range from 5.1%to 20%.AIM To investigate risk factors for anastomotic leakage after ISR based on clinicopathological variables and pelvimetry.METHODS This study was conducted at Department of Colorectal Surgery,Japanese Red Cross Medical Center,Tokyo,Japan,with a total of 117 patients.We enrolled 117 patients with extremely low rectal cancer who underwent laparotomic and laparoscopic ISRs at our hospital.We conducted retrospective univariate and multivariate regression analyses on 33 items to elucidate the risk factors for anastomotic leakage after ISR.Pelvic dimensions were measured using threedimensional reconstruction of computed tomography images.The optimal cutoff value of the pelvic inlet plane area that predicts anastomotic leakage was determined using a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.RESULTS We observed anastomotic leakage in 10(8.5%)of the 117 patients.In the multivariate analysis,we identified high body mass index(odds ratio 1.674;95%confidence interval:1.087-2.58;P=0.019)and smaller pelvic inlet plane area(odds ratio 0.998;95%confidence interval:0.997-0.999;P=0.012)as statistically significant risk factors for anastomotic leakage.According to the receiver operating characteristic curves,the optimal cutoff value of the pelvic inlet plane area was 10074 mm2.Narrow pelvic inlet plane area(≤10074 mm2)predicted anastomotic leakage with a sensitivity of 90%,a specificity of 85.9%,and an accuracy of 86.3%.CONCLUSION Narrow pelvic inlet and obesity were independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage after ISR.Anastomotic leakage after ISR may be predicted from a narrow pelvic inlet plane area(≤10074 mm2).

Anal Sphincter Function after Intersphincteric Resection for Low Rectal Cancer

Objective： To assess the anal sphincter function after intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer by questionnaire and vectorial manometry. Methods： twenty five patients underwent intersphincteric resection, the controls contained 25 patients of rectal cancer who underwent low anterior resection and 25 healthy people. The therapeutic responses were evaluated using the Vaizey and Wexner scoring systems and vectorial manometry. Results： The Vaizey and Wexner scores after intersphincteric resection were significantly higher than those of low anterior resection controls at one month, but had no significant difference one year after. On the other hand, the indexes of vectorial manometry still had significant difference one year later. The indexes after intersphincteric resection could not reach the normal level. Conclusion： The anal sphincter function after intersphincteric resection is lower than that after low anterior resection in short term, although the long-term results can be accepted, it still can not reach the normal level.

Intersphincteric Resection Is the Optimal Procedure for Very Low Rectal Cancer: Techniques, Morbidity, Oncologic and Functional Outcomes

Background: The intersphincteric resection the most extreme form of a sphincter-preserving alternative for the abdominoperineal resection. Aim of the Work: We investigated oncological, functional outcomes and morbidity after ISR. Methods: This retrospective study included 164 patients who underwent ISR with between 2010 and 2015, Male 56.1%, Female 43.9%, with a median age was 54.5 years, Median follow-up time was of 48 months, Average surgical time was 230 min, Median blood loss was 700 mL and median hospital stay was nine days. Mean tumour size was34 mm. The surgical procedure through a laparotomy (72.6%), laparoscopically (27.4%). Neoadjuvant radiotherapy 89.6% {long-course radiotherapy 74.4%, short-course radiotherapy 15.2%}, neoadjuvant chemotherapy 28.7% and adjuvant chemotherapy 70.1%. Colonic J-pouch 16.5%, Transverse coloplasty 15.9%, a side-to-end anastomosis 26.8% and straight coloanal anastomosis 40.9%. Partial-ISR 36.6%, subtotal-ISR 37.2%, total-ISR 26.2%, diverting ileostomy 6.7%. Results: Operative mortality 1.2%, morbidity 14.6% (anastomotic leakage 3.7%, anastomotic stenosis 1.8%, a recto-vaginal fistula 2.4% bowel obstruction 3%, surgical site infection 3%. Respiratory tract infection 1.2%, local 7.9%, distant recurrence 15.2%, 5-year overall 79.8%, disease-free survival 75.8%, R0 resection 95.1%. Pathologic complete response 11%. Circumferential margin involvement 2.4%. Median number of lymph nodes 17. Mean distal margin20 mm, after 12 months Median Wexner score 6. Incontinence for (flatus 11%, liquid 4.9%, solid 4.3%). Median bowel motions in a 24-h were 3. Faecal urgency 17.7%. Stool fragmentation 18.9%. Difficult evacuation 17.7%, lifestyle alteration 14.6%. Difficulty Feces/flatus discrimination 43.3%. Nocturnal soiling in 17.1%. Daytime soiling 11%. Pad wearing 23.8%. Anti-diarrhoea medication loperamide 14%. Conclusion: ISR is a feasible surgical procedure for low rectal cancer. Oncologic and functional, outcomes after are acceptable.

Laparoscopic resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis without abdominal incisions

AIM:To assess laparoscopic radical resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis through transanal resection without abdominal incisions.METHODS:From March 2010 to June 2014, 30 patients(14 men and 16 women, aged 36-78 years, mean age 59.8 years) underwent laparoscopic radical resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis through anus-preserving transanal resection.The tumors were 5-7 cm away from the anal margin in 24 cases, and 4 cm in six cases.In preoperative assessment, there were 21 cases of T1N0M0 and nine of T2N0M0.Through the middle approach, the sigmoid mesentery was freed at the root with an ultrasonic scalpel and the roots of the inferior mesenteric artery and vein were dissected, clamped and cut.Following the total mesorectal excision principle, the rectum was separated until the anorectal ring reached 3-5 cm from the distal end of the tumor.For perineal surgery, a ring incision was made 2 cm above the dentate line, and sharp dissection was performed submucosally towards the superior direction, until the plane of the levator ani muscle, to transect the rectum.The rectum and distal sigmoid colon were removed together from the anus, followed by a telescopic anastomosis between the full thickness of the proximal colon and the mucosa and submucosal tissue of the rectum.RESULTS:For the present cohort of 30 cases,the mean operative time was 178 min,with an average of 13 positive lymph nodes detected.One case of postoperative anastomotic leak was observed,requiring temporary colostomy,which was closed and recovered3 mo later.The postoperative pathology showed T1-T2N0M0 in 19 cases and T2N1M0 in 11 cases.Twelve months after surgery,94.4%patients achieved anal function Kirwan grade 1,indicating that their analfunction returned to normal.The patients were followed up for 1-36 mo,with an average of 23 mo.There was no local recurrence,and 17 patients survived for>3years(with a survival rate of 100%).CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic radical resection of lower rectal cancer with telescopic anastomosis through transanal resection without abdominal incisions is safe and feasible.

基于症状管理理论的精准护理模式在经括约肌间切除术后患者中的应用

目的基于症状管理理论构建经括约肌间切除术后患者精准护理模式,评价其应用效果。方法采用非随机同期对照研究设计,前瞻性选取2023年6月至2024年3月在武汉大学中南医院结直肠肛门外科行经括约肌间切除术的患者为研究对象,按照入院时间先后分为对照组与试验组。对照组实施常规护理,试验组在常规护理的基础上实施基于症状管理理论的精准护理模式。比较两组患者术后肛门直肠功能、吻合口并发症发生率以及生活质量。结果共纳入111例患者,其中试验组56例,对照组55例。试验组患者术后肛门直肠功能优良率显著优于对照组(69.64%vs.34.55%,P<0.05),试验组在生活质量功能领域的躯体形象、体重、焦虑、性欲以及症状领域的尿频、便频、腹胀等方面得分均优于对照组(P<0.05),但两组在术后吻合口并发症发生率上差异无统计学意义(3.57%vs.10.91%,P>0.05)。结论基于症状管理理论的精准护理模式可以有效恢复经括约肌间切除术后患者的肛门直肠功能,提升患者术后生活质量。

173例低位直肠癌患者的骨盆解剖差异对腹腔镜ISR手术时间的影响

目的 探索低位直肠癌患者骨盆解剖差异及对腹腔镜下内括约肌切除术(intersphincteric resection, ISR)手术时间的影响。方法 回顾性收集了武汉大学中南医院2017年1月—2022年12月接受腹腔镜ISR手术患者的临床数据。基于CT/MRI从轴位、矢状位、冠状位对骨盆入口、骨盆出口、骨盆深度等17种骨盆参数进行测量,并对男女性骨盆解剖进行比较分析,通过多元线性回归分析探索影响手术时间的因素。结果 共纳入173例低位直肠癌患者,其中男性107例(61.8%),女性66例(38.2%),患者平均年龄为(58.06±9.91)岁,BMI为(22.65±3.15)kg/m^(2),手术时间为(271.53±53.74)min。不同性别患者在骨盆入口、骨盆出口、骨盆深度等15项骨盆参数指标上差异具有统计学意义。多元线性回归分析显示,坐骨结节间距越小[95%CI(-25.554,-3.671),P=0.009]是男性患者手术时间延长的独立危险因素,骶深越浅[95%CI(-166.166,-33.894),P=0.004]、α角越小[95%CI(0.051,5.499),P=0.046]是女性患者手术时间延长的独立危险因素,而骶深越浅[95%CI(-95.657,-18.082),P=0.004]、β角越大[95%CI(0.258,7.048),P=0.035],δ角越小[95%CI(-6.034,-0.627),P=0.016]、坐骨结节间距越小[95%CI(-18.589,-2.511),P=0.010]、系膜脂肪面积越大(P=0.043)是低位直肠癌患者手术时间延长的独立危险因素。结论 低位直肠癌患者的骨盆解剖在不同性别间存在显著差异性,且影响腹腔镜ISR手术时间的解剖因素在不同性别患者中亦不相同,骶深、β角、δ角、坐骨结节间距、系膜脂肪面积是影响手术时间的独立危险因素。关注这些骨盆解剖差异,对指导临床决策和提高手术安全具有重要意义。

极低位直肠癌腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术后肛门功能不良的影响因素及预测模型构建

目的分析极低位直肠癌腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术(Lap-ISR)术后肛门功能不良的影响因素,并以此构建预测模型并验证,以期为改善极低位直肠癌病人Lap-ISR术后肛门功能提供指导依据。方法回顾性选取2020年6月~2022年6月在泰州人民医院进行Lap-ISR手术的极低位直肠癌病人127例,术后对病人进行为期12个月的随访,用Wexner评分评估病人术后肛门功能,根据肛门失禁评分(Wexner)分为肛门功能良好组(106例)与肛门功能不良组(21例),收集病人临床资料并分析病人术后肛门功能不良的危险因素,并以此构建Nomogram列线图模型预测病人Lap-ISR术后肛门功能不良发生风险,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),用曲线下面积(AUC)分析预测模型对病人Lap-ISR术后肛门功能不良的预测效能。结果极低位直肠癌病人Lap-ISR术后肛门功能不良发生率为16.54%(21/127)。单因素分析显示,两组性别、年龄、体质量指数、临床分期、合并基础疾病、手术时间、术中出血量、吻合方式、肿瘤下缘距齿状线距离比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肛门功能不良组肿瘤直径≥5 cm占比、新辅助化疗占比、吻合口距肛缘距离<2 cm、吻合口漏占比均高于肛门功能良好组(P<0.05)。Cox多因素回归分析显示,肿瘤直径≥5 cm(OR=5.124)、新辅助化疗(OR=5.761)、吻合口漏(OR=6.881)是病人术后肛门功能的危险因素(P<0.05)。肿瘤直径≥5 cm病人Wexner评分高于肿瘤直径<5 cm病人,合并新辅助化疗Wexner评分高于无新辅助化疗病人,合并吻合口漏Wexner评分高于无吻合口漏病人(P<0.05)。Bootstrap法内部验证显示,C-index指数为0.785(95%CI:0.692~0.851)。ROC曲线结果显示,列线图模型预测病人术后肛门功能不良的灵敏度为85.70%、特异性为88.70%,AUC为0.895(95%CI:0.795~0.984)。结论肿瘤直径、新辅助化疗、吻合口漏是极低位直肠癌病人Lap-ISR术后肛门功能不良的危险因素。基于上述危险因素建立的列线图风险预测模型评估病人术后肛门功能不良的风险效能良好。

腹腔镜外翻拖出式经括约肌间切除联合改良Bacon术在低位直肠癌超低位保肛中的应用(附6例报道)

目的探讨腹腔镜外翻拖出式经括约肌间切除(ISR)联合改良Bacon术在低位直肠癌超低位保肛中的应用。方法回顾性分析2023年3月至12月四川省肿瘤医院大肠外科采用外翻拖出式ISR联合改良Bacon术进行腹腔镜根治性切除、超低位保肛的6例低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,探讨近期临床效果,总结手术技巧。结果6例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间200~320 min,平均256.7 min;术中失血量20~100 mL,平均48.3 mL。术后1例患者出现外置肠段脱垂,行再次手术切除;2例患者出现外置肠段系膜局部缺血,行保守治疗后好转。所有患者均顺利恢复,术后6~11 d出院,平均术后住院时间8.2 d。所有患者均于术后21 d施行二期外置肠段切除和肛门成形术,术后3~6 d好转出院,平均术后住院时间4.3 d。随访至2024年3月,所有患者无肿瘤复发或转移,二期术后3个月Wexner肛门失禁评分1~5分,平均3.2分,肛门控便功能满意。结论腹腔镜外翻拖出式ISR联合改良Bacon术有助于实现肿瘤远端的精准切除,能极大降低经肛切除的操作难度,而且避免了预防性肠造口,术后肛门功能满意,有望成为低位直肠癌行超低位保肛手术的新选择。

低位结直肠癌患者经括约肌间切除术后吻合口狭窄的影响因素分析

目的探讨低位结直肠癌患者经括约肌间切除术(ISR)后吻合口狭窄的影响因素。方法选取80例接受ISR术治疗的低位结直肠癌患者,根据术后是否发生吻合口狭窄分为狭窄组(n=15)、未狭窄组(n=65),探究导致吻合口狭窄发生的危险因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,2组在性别、肿瘤下缘距肛缘距离、术前新辅助放疗、炎症性肠病、糖尿病、术后吻合口瘘方面差异显著(P<0.05),而在年龄、体质量指数、高血压、术前血红蛋白、白蛋白、总蛋白、TNM分期、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤分化程度、ISR术式、手术时间、术中出血量、肠系膜下动脉离断水平、吻合口高度等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素分析提示,男性、术前新辅助放疗、炎症性肠病、糖尿病、术后吻合口瘘是导致吻合口狭窄的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论男性、术前新辅助放疗、炎症性肠病、糖尿病、术后吻合口瘘可能诱发低位结直肠癌患者ISR术后吻合口狭窄,应采取相应干预措施,以降低吻合口狭窄发生率。

Preservation of the continence function after intersphincteric resection using a prolapsing technique in the patients with low rectal cancer and its clinical prognosis

Background The technique of intersphincteric resection of tumors combined with coloanal anastomosis has been used to avoid permanent colostomy for patients with a rectal cancer located 〈5 cm from the anal verge. This study aimed at assessing the preservation of continence function of the residual rectum and the clinical prognosis of patients with lower rectal cancer after intersphincteric resection using a prolapsing technique. Methods This study included patients with the following inclusion criteria： （1） pathological evidence of rectal cancer and the tumors within distal margins located 5 cm or less from the anus by preoperative endoscopic examination; （2） no evidence by MRI of infiltration of either the external sphincter, puborectalis or the levator muscle; （3） the patients are eligible for intersphincteric resection and lower coloanal anastomosis with a preoperative biopsy showing the tumors with well-to-moderate differentiation. From January 2000 to June 2004, 23 patients with low rectal cancer were included in this study. We used the standard abdominoperineal approach to perform radical resection of tumors with excision of the mesorectum and total or part of the internal sphincters. The patients were followed for assessment of the function of the residual rectum and of cancer recurrence after the operations. Results The median tumor distance from the anal margin was 4.5 （range 3.5-5.0） cm and the mean distal surgical margin 1.6 （range 1.0-2.0） cm. Cancer was classified into Stage Ⅰ （30.4%）, Stage Ⅱ （47.8%）, and Stage Ⅲ （21.7%） according to the TNM classification. Two patients developed anastomotic fistula after the surgical resection and 2 patients （8.7%） developed later stages of anastomotic stricture at the site of coloanal anastomosis. The median follow-up period was 31.5 months （range 12-54） and 2 patients （8.7%） developed local recurrence. Three deaths were associated with distal organ metastasis. Twenty patients （87.0%） have maintained competence to control solid or liquid stool and the capacity of flatus continence after the surgery. Among these patients, 2 patients were able to control solid stool and occasionally lose continence of liquid stool. And only 1 patient （4.4%） has retained partial rectum function with good continence of solid stool but not liquid after the operations. Average times of defecation per day of 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after the surgery were 13.1, 4.7, 3.1, 2.9, and 3.2 times/day. Anal manometer measurements showed a decrease of pressure during the resting time after intersphincteric resection and this change remained during the period of follow-up. The maximum squeeze pressure was improved after an initial decrease after the surgery. Conclusions More residual rectum function after the surgery may be preserved by intersphincteric resection of low rectum cancer. At the same time this technique is safe with few postoperative complication and low tumor recurrence after the surgery.

Lap-ISR与Lap-ISR联合经肛下拉套入式吻合在低位直肠癌保肛术中的疗效比较

目的:探讨腹腔镜下括约肌间切除术(Lap-ISR)与Lap-ISR联合经肛下拉套入式吻合在低位直肠癌保肛术中的临床疗效。方法:将我院在2016年06月至2021年01月符合纳入条件并完成Lap-ISR和Lap-ISR联合经肛下拉套入式吻合的低位直肠癌病例进行回顾性总结。评估两组患者的基线资料、围手术期指标、病理学指标、并发症发生率、术后肛门功能Wexner评分以及术后复发情况。结果:52例纳入本研究并顺利完成手术,其中20例完成Lap-ISR联合经肛下拉套入式吻合;32例完成Lap-ISR。两组患者的一般临床资料及手术时间、术中出血量、清扫淋巴结数量、肿瘤远端切缘距离均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。两组间近期总并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.885)。两组患者术后第3、6个月肛门功能评分差异无统计学意义。两组患者术后无复发生存期差异无统计学意义(HR 1.86,95%CI:0.36~9.67,P=0.462)。结论:与Lap-ISR相比,Lap-ISR联合经肛下拉套入式吻合避免了预防性造口且不增加吻合口漏发生率,是安全可行的。

直肠癌患者内括约肌切除术后肛门功能障碍的研究进展

直肠癌患者行内括约肌切除术(ISR),可提高患者生存率,同时还可帮助医师评估癌症深度及扩散情况,但术后肛门功能障碍为此术式较大风险与高发不良反应。本文对ISR术后肛门功能障碍的临床表现与评价、危险因素及干预治疗相关研究进行回顾,旨在为临床工作提供参考。

腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术治疗超低位直肠癌的疗效及对肛门功能的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术治疗超低位直肠癌的疗效及对肛门功能的影响。方法 将106例超低位直肠癌患者根据手术方式的不同分为对照组(n=53)和观察组(n=53)。对照组患者采用腹腔镜Dixon术治疗,观察组患者采用腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术治疗。比较两组患者手术相关指标、肛门功能(Wexner评分)、术后并发症发生情况以及预后情况。结果 观察组患者术后首次肛门排气时间、术后住院时间均明显短于对照组,术中出血量明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。出院时和术后半年,观察组患者Wexner评分均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。两组患者肺部感染、吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄、切口感染、切口愈合不良发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。术后随访1年,两组患者生存率、复发率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论 腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术与腹腔镜Dixon术治疗超低位直肠癌可获得相当的疗效,但行腹腔镜经括约肌间切除术患者的肛门功能恢复更快。

Kegel运动并生物反馈对直肠癌ISR术后肛门功能的影响

目的探讨Kegel运动联合生物反馈训练对超低位直肠癌经括约肌间切除术(ISR)后肛门功能的影响。方法将60例超低位直肠癌病人随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例,均行ISR。观察组术后1周~3个月进行Kegel运动,术后2周开始做生物反馈训练;对照组术后2周开始单纯做生物反馈训练,均训练2个疗程。观察两组病人术后1、3、6、12个月的排便动力学指标(包括肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压、直肠最大耐受容量)以及术后肛门排便功能指标,采用Wexner排便失禁评分系统评价排便控制良好病人的比率。结果两组病人术后1、3、6、12个月的直肠最大耐受容量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组病人术后1、3、6、12个月的肛管静息压和肛管最大收缩压均高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(F=2.953~5.116,P<0.05);观察组病人术后6、12个月肛管最大收缩压、肛管静息压恢复到接近术前水平,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组病人术后12个月肛管最大收缩压恢复到接近术前水平,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组病人术后12个月肛管静息压仍低于术前,差异有统计学意义(F=92.380,P<0.05)。随访12~36(平均21.6)个月,观察组和对照组病人中分别有89.7%(26/29)和64.3%(18/28)排便控制良好,两组差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.208,P<0.05)。结论Kegel运动联合生物反馈训练可有效改善超低位直肠癌ISR术后肛门功能,且安全无创,病人易于接受,适于推广应用。

括约肌间瘘管结扎术联合瘘管隧道式切除术治疗低位肛瘘患者的效果

目的:观察括约肌间瘘管结扎术联合瘘管隧道式切除术治疗低位肛瘘患者的效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月该院收治的80例低位肛瘘患者的临床资料,依据治疗方法不同将其分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组采用瘘管切开术治疗,观察组采用括约肌间瘘管结扎术联合瘘管隧道式切除术治疗。比较两组临床相关指标[创面愈合时间、住院时间、术后肛门疼痛程度(视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分)]水平,手术前后肛门失禁Wexner评分和术后并发症发生率。结果:观察组创面愈合时间、住院时间均短于对照组,VSA评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1、3个月,观察组肛门失禁Wexner评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:括约肌间瘘管结扎术联合瘘管隧道式切除术治疗低位肛瘘患者可缩短创面愈合时间和住院时间,降低术后VAS评分和肛门失禁Wexner评分,其效果优于瘘管切开术治疗。

直肠癌极限保肛手术:经括约肌间切除术

近年来,直肠癌发病率正迅猛上升,我国中晚期患者占比高,总体诊治疗效欠佳,其中中低位直肠癌更是治疗难点,许多患者常因无法满足足够的阴性切缘而被迫切除肛门终生造瘘。经括约肌间切除术(ISR)手术是极限保肛手术,有其应用的严格适应证,并对术者操作技巧和经验要求高,国内尚未广泛普及。本文概述ISR手术解剖学基础、适应证以及肿瘤学和生理学结局。