胫骨内侧应力在跑步运动过程中的计算机仿真分析

背景:内侧胫骨应力综合征是困扰跑步者的一种常见的下肢慢性损伤,其损伤机制可能与“肌肉牵引”假说有关,然而这种假说还没有得到完全的证实。目的:使用肌骨仿真系统和有限元分析等方法,考察比目鱼肌、胫骨后肌、趾长屈肌在跑步过程中的收缩特征是否与跑步时胫骨内侧缘的应力水平存在相关性,从而影响内侧胫骨应力综合征的发生与发展。方法:将6名受试者不同速度跑步时的动作捕捉数据输入Anybody Modeling System骨肌仿真系统,对2.5,3.5,4.5 m/s三种跑步速度情况下的步态支撑期进行逆动力学仿真,将仿真得到的边界条件与有限元模型结合,考察胫骨内侧的应力分布情况。使用偏最小二乘回归方法分析自变量(肌力、弹性势能)与因变量(胫骨应力)之间的相关性。结果与结论:①胫骨应力水平在支撑期(1%-50%)存在速度间的统计学差异(P=0.044,F=3.834,η_(p)^(2)=0.040);②3种速度下,比目鱼肌的肌力与胫骨应力之间的平均相关性最高(r=12.999),其次胫骨后肌肌力与胫骨应力的平均相关性排名第二(r=-10.735),然后依次是趾长屈肌肌力(r=-9.751),胫骨后肌弹性势能(r=8.012),比目鱼肌弹性势能(r=9.076),趾长屈肌弹性势能(r=-4.782);③结果表明,跑步速度的增加,胫骨应力水平随之上升;比目鱼肌的收缩及吸收的弹性势能在跑步过程中的释放对于内侧胫骨应力综合征的发展将产生不可忽略的影响,而胫骨后肌和趾长屈肌的作用被高估了;综合来看,研究支持了“肌肉牵引”假说中比目鱼肌的收缩对内侧胫骨应力综合征发展发挥作用的推论。

Analysis of Human Joint Forces in Standing Posture

Using the software Anybody Modeling System, a human static-standing musculoskeletal model based on inverse dynamics is presented, which are defined as segments, muscles and joints as dements. Simulation is based on data obtained from experiments using motion capture system VICADN and force plate AMTI. In the model AnyBody Modeling System is introduced to help solve the redundancy problem and obtain results of muscle activities, muscle forces and joint forces. From the model, hip and knee joint forces could be analyzed under normal standing posture. Also, activities of the musculus rectus femoris and several other muscles of the lower limbs can be obtained. From the results it could be concluded that stresses at joints are much stronger than theoretical reasoning because of the functions of relevant soft tissues such as muscles, tendons and so on. Results show that joint forces from the simulations are in good conformation with previous experimental researches. And this complicated model would be of use for better understanding human body functions.