Analysis of a Pull-Apart Basin and Its Associated Fractures in the Woodford Shale, Central Oklahoma

Pull-apart basins are faulting and folding zones with high intensity of fractures that strongly affect the production in unconventional shale gas. While most observations of pull-apart basins were from surface mapping or laboratory experiments, we investigated a nascent pull-apart basin in the subsurface. We characterized a nascent pull-apart basin along the strike-slip fault within the Woodford Shale by using seismic attributes analyses, including coherence, dip-azimuth, and curvature. The results indicate a 32 km long, N-S striking strike-slip fault that displays a distinct but young pull-apart basin, which is ~1.6 km by 3.2 km in size and is bounded by two quasi-circular faults. The curvature attribute map reveals two quasi-circular folds, which depart from the main strike-slip fault at ~25°, resulting in an elliptical basin. Inside the basin, a series of echelon quasi-circular normal faults step into the bottom of the basin with ~80 m of total subsidence. We propose that the controls of the shape of pull-apart basin are the brittleness of the shale, and we suggest proper seismic attributes as a useful tool for investigating high fracture intensity in the subsurface for hydrofracturing and horizontal drilling within the shale.

Finite element modelling of the pull-apart formation: implication for tectonics of Bengo Co pull-apart basin, southern Tibet

The tectonic deformation and state of stress are significant parameters to understand the active structure, seismic phenomenon and overall ongoing geodynamic condition of any region. In this paper, we have examined the state of stress and crustal deformation during the formation of the Beng Co pull-apart basins produced by an enéchelon strike-slip fault systems using 2D Finite Element Modelling (FEM) under plane stress condition. The numerical modelling technique used for the experiments is based on FEM which enables us to analyze the static behavior of a real and continues structures. We have used three sets of models to explore how the geometry of model (fault overlap and pre-existing weak shear zone) and applied boundary conditions (pure strike-slip, transpressional and transtensional) influence the development of state of stress and deformation during the formation of pull-apart basins. Modelling results presented here are based on five parameters: 1) distribution, orienttation, and magnitude of maximum (σH max) and minimum (σH max) horizontal compressive stress 2) magnitude and orientation of displacement vectors 3) distribution and concentration of strain 4) distribution of fault type and 5) distribution and concentration of maximum shear stress (σH max) contours. The modelling results demonstrate that the deformation pattern of the en-échelon strike-slip pull-apart formation is mainly dependent on the applied boundary conditions and amount of overlap between two master strike-slip faults. When the amount of overlap of the two master strike-slip faults increases, the surface deformation gets wider and longer but when the overlap between two master strike-slip faults is zero, block rotation observed significantly, and only narrow and small surface deform ation obtained. These results imply that overlap between two master strike-slip faults is a significant factor in controlling the shape, size and morphology of the pull-apart basin formation. Results of numerical modelling further show that the pattern of the distribution of maximum shear stress (τmax) contours are prominently depend on the amount of overlap between two master strike-slip faults and applied boundary conditions. In case of more overlap between two masters strike-slip faults, τ max mainly concentrated at two corners of the master faults and that reduces and finally reaches zero at the centre of the pull-apart basin, whereas in case of no overlap, τmax largely concentrated at two corners and tips of the master strike-slip faults. These results imply that the distribution and concentration of the maximum shear stress is mainly governed by amount of overlap between the master strike-slip faults in the en-échelon pull-apart formation. Numerical results further highlight that the distribution patterns of the displacement vectors are mostly dependent on the amount of overlap and applied boundary conditions in the en-échelon pull-apart formation.

介词except(for)、besides、apart from及but for在实践中的应用

在英语作为母语的国家 ,人们在使用语言中重于语言在客观中的应用习惯 ,并以此来掌握一些常用词在生活中的正确使用形式和方法。而与此相悖的则是许多非英语母语国家的人们在学习英语中则重于一种语法的系统化 ,以一种不变的定式来使用这些常用词 ,造成在实践应用中的错误甚至于被误解。现以题目中一组词作为例子 。

Electricity consumption propensity of different household members in apartment house

South Korea is an energy-guzzling country.Economic reasons in the country force its households to save more energy.Household energy consumption in South Korea has grown slow compared to other sectors and household energy consumption per capita is lower than the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) average.However,its per capita electricity use soared and expected to keep climbing mainly due to the increasing number of one-person household.To establish effective strategy against a possible electricity shortage,the amount of electricity energy consumption needs to be understood clearly first.We adopted both general survey and detailed survey for people living in apartment housings and collected data on electrical instrument use according to individual schedule.Based on these data,we tried to analyze electricity consumption patterns resulting from energy using activities at home and find out electricity using tendency according to each family member's characteristics in apartment housings.

The Profit Model of Long-Term Lease Apartments Under Multi-Agent Supply

The acceleration of urbanization has led to an increase in the number of urban floating population, which leads to more demands for the housing rental market. With the support of policies, long-term lease apartments have begun to emerge. However, under the multi-subject supply, longterm lease apartments have encountered problems such as small profits in their development. Starting from the background of the development of long-term lease apartments, this study classified the main types of long-term lease apartments, analyzed the four profit models of comprehensive profit, expansion of rent difference, REITs and value-added services based on their business models, and proposed corresponding suggestions on the profitability of long-term lease apartments according to the current situation of profit difficulty of long-term lease apartments and the lack of profit models.

Outdoor Environmental Landscape Design of the Apartment for the Elderly in Southern Cities of China

On the basis of environmental psychology and environment-behavior science, this paper took Beijing Oriental Sun City Elderly Apartment for example to explore outdoor environmental landscape design schemes of the elderly apartment suitable for geomorphologic features, climatic conditions, and humanistic background of southern cities against the background of population aging in China, so as to provide references for the outdoor environment construction for the elderly apartment.

The role of furniture in exposure to non-ionizing radiation in a residential apartment

This article concerns the sources of non-ionizing radiation in a normal inhabited environment. Measurements show that residents are exposed to non-ionizing radiation in levels both below and above the European normative. Excess is present due to the fact that, producers of electronic equipment and appliances, those who use them, as well as those involved in the construction of housing, have insufficient acquaintance with non-ionizing radiation. Producers are advised to increase the coefficient of safety towards non-ionizing radiation by renewing technology. Users are advised to operate apparatus with the lowest possible power, to minimise time exposed to sources, to maximise the distance from them and to renew their appliances. Construction workers should take non-ionizing radiation more into consideration when furnishing of houses.

胰岛素apart和人胰岛素在1型糖尿病长期血糖控制中的比较：一项随机对照实验

比较胰岛素apart－－一种快速起效的胰岛素类似物－－和未经修饰的人胰岛素在1型糖尿病长期血糖控制中的疗效。在8个欧洲国家的88个研究中心对1070名年1型糖尿病患者行了为时6个月的前瞻，多中心，随机，公开标记的平行组实验。受试者按2：1的比例随机分为两组，分别在餐前给予胰岛素apart或未经修饰的人胰岛素治疗，并以NPH－胰岛素作为基础胰岛素，监测血糖控制情况的主要试验指标为:HbA1c，八点自测血糖情况，胰岛素剂量，生活质量，低血糖和不良事件的发生。6个月后，接受胰岛素apart治疗的病人其HbA1c指标好于人胰岛素组，两组HbA1c的基线校正差为0.12%Hb(95％可 间为0．03－0．22％），P＜0．02，八点血糖检测显示胰岛素apart组各主餐餐后血糖水平均低于人胰岛素组（平均组线校正值为－0．6－－1．2mmol/L,P<0.01)。而早餐和晚餐前血糖水平均高于后者（0.7-0.8mmol/L,P<0.01)。对治疗的满意情况胰岛素apart组显著好于人胰岛素组（WHO糖尿病治疗满意问卷（DTSQ），基线校正差为2．3（1．2－3．3），P＜0．001）。胰岛素apart组与人胰岛素组相比，严重低血糖发作的相对风险为0．83（0．59－1．18NS).胰岛素apart组出现需经静脉治疗的严重夜间低血糖明显减少（1．3比3．4％，P＜0．05），同样晚期后事件的发生（4－6h）也明显减少（1．8比5．0％，P＜0．005）。在改善1型糖尿病病人血糖控制情况，减少低血糖发作，提高生活质量方面，快速起效的胰岛素类似物胰岛素apart有着很实用的优点。

Ventilation of Apartment Buildings and Nursing Homes

The paper presents the results of the investigations into the indoor climate and energy efficiency of ventilation devices in residential buildings and nursing homes. The indoor climate studies discussed in the article were conducted in a nursing home where room ventilation is based on Meltem Air Handling Units (AHU). Similar studies have been carried out in apartment buildings where CO2 levels in bedrooms were compared before and after renovating the ventilation with Meltem AHU and installing exhaust fans in the bathroom/WC and kitchen. Tenants evaluate the use of Meltem AHU in apartments very positively. The article presents the efficiency results of Meltem AHU with different external air temperatures conducted in apartments in real-life situations. The study shows that skilful renovation of ventilation in old apartment buildings enables to achieve good indoor climate and energy saving at the same time.

Horizontal Fire Spread in a Contemporary Apartment Based on a Real Fire

The apartment fire tests comprise a set of two full-scale fire experiments in a dwelling building made from pre-fabricated concrete elements in April 2013. Two apartments were nearly identically furnished and fully instrumented with thermocouples, video cameras and gas extraction probes. The apartments were ignited successively whereupon the fire in the second apartment developed freely to post-flashover conditions and got the main focus in this report. The apartment was completely furnished with contemporary furniture and objects, and had an average fire load density for residential occupancy. A full description of the fire load, ventilation conditions and instrumentation are provided. The focus of this report is primarily to obtain conclusions on the horizontal spread of smoke throughout the apartment during the fire growth period. Velocities of smoke spreading were measured to be in the range below 0.05 m/s which means that the smoke migrated over the longest distance throughout the apartment for about 3 to 4 minutes while the flame did not leave the initial fire room. The main aim of the experiments was to collect a comprehensive set of data from a realistic and contemporary fire scenario to validate numerical simulations.

Pull-apart Basins and the Total Lateral Displacement Along the Haiyuan Fault Zone in Cenozoic

Pull-apart basins of three scales were found along the Haiyuan fault zone. The largest one is more than 50km long, named Laolongwan basin developed in Miocene. A model was built to calculate the amount of pull-apart of an extensional basin. Parameters used in calculation include thickness and length of deposition and depth of detachment. The results of calculation show that the amount of pull-apart of the Laolongwan Basin is about 30 km. Based on previous studies and calculating by using the average slip rate method, amount of pull-apart of the other two smaller basins are 22 km and 8 km, respectively. Thus, the total displacement of strike-slip along the Haiyuan fault zone is about 60 km, which is close to the offset of the Yellow River from Jingtai to Jingyuan.

The Functions of the Proverb“Tortoise and the Birds”in Things Fall Apart

Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart permanently transformed the landscape of African fiction, both in his own continent and in the Western imagination. It was written with an insider's understanding of the African world and its history, depicts the destruction of an individual, a family and a culture at the moment of colonial incursion. As an important part of the special African culture, many proverbs are used in the fiction. One of these proverbs will be especially discussed— tortoise and the birds, especially its functions. The proverb shows us the unique African culture and the moral sense of native Africans. It's a story that is told by women, which has meaningful sense to some degree, so it helps us understand the women characters better. Besides, it arouses people's strong interest in African literature and African culture.

Live in Huiyuan Apartments,and enjoy 21st century cyberspace

The Huiyuan Apartment complex is located within the Beichen Finance and Trade City near the Beijing Asian Games Village, and is owned by the Beichen Industrial Company Limited. Consisting of eight buildings, the apartments are beautifully structured, and feature an innovative architectural design. Huiyuan caters for foreign residents.Rooms within this 736 apartment complex are fully furnished, and equipped with the essential facilities of kitchen and laundry, all in a refined decor. The apartments are in the categories of luxury and economy, the former comprising four bedrooms and two sitting rooms, the latter consisting of one bedroom and one sitting room, thereby meeting both family and single tenant residential requirements.Special services are offered to customers free of charge, such as baby-sitting, household chores, including vacuuming, ironing, shopping and cooking, and provision of everyday household necessities. This service initiated by Huiyuan is the first of its kind in Beijing.

The formation and evolution of the Qiaojia pull-apart basin,North Xiaojiang Fault Zone,Southwest China

Sedimentary sequences with drastic thickening over short distances have been observed in Qiaojia County,Yunnan Province,Southwest China.These are related to a pull-apart basin controlled by the Xiaojiang strike-slip fault.Our field investigations include determining the surface characteristics of the Qiaojia basin which consists of three terrace sequences and a series of alluvial fans.Several drill holes were used to reveal the internal structure of the basin.The results suggest that the basinal sediments are over 300 m thick.From bottom to top,they can be classified into five different units.We inferred that the units of lacustrine sediments are deposited in a paleolake which was formed by a paleo-landslide.Accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating(AMS ^(14)C dating) was used to estimate the ages of the terrace and lacustrine sediments.We use the results to infer that the paleo-lake has existed about 15,000 years and that the Qiaojia basin was uplifted at an average rate of 3.3 mm/a.Furthermore,we then model the evolution process of the basin and interpreted 6 phases of development.

A New Design of Student Apartment Bed Based on Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics

Aiming at the defects of the products available on the market at present and basing on the Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics, a new kind of student apartment bed which can prove its humanity more clearly is designed, and its design direction is gotten through the questionnaire and the design starts from the real actual needs of students. After the original design was finished, the later investigation on the students was engaged with and made the engineering analysis. The conclusion is that the sum of "perfect" and "good" membership rates is up to 64%, hence the comprehensive assessment of the design is perfect. That is to say, this design is able to realize and meet the needs of users, and there is no doubt that it will have a good business prospects.

HUL视角下中国近现代公寓建筑遗产谱系研究

建筑遗产谱系研究对于城乡建筑遗产保护与文化传承工作具有指导意义。中国近现代历史公寓是一种特殊的建筑遗产类型,其与中国近现代国家、城市发展历史背景紧密关联,具有城市历史景观属性。以谱系视角切入公寓建筑遗产研究,借鉴城市历史景观理论,建构了以建筑功能类型和历史范型关联解析为研究路径,以时期划分、语境解析、特征识别、谱系建构为研究步骤,以建筑属性特征3要素(区位条件、权属主体、称谓方式)和形态特征3要素(空间组织、形体轮廓、装饰细部)为研究要素的城市建筑遗产谱系研究方法。通过多样区、多时段关联解析,梳理、识别出1840年—1980年间中国公寓建筑建造的历史语境、多元特征和时代价值,并据此建构出以住宅、宿舍、旅社3大类及其9亚类、18小类功能类型和以开埠通商、民族革命、抗战斗争、解放建国初、人民公社与三线建设5阶段22类历史范型为类属坐标的中国近现代公寓建筑遗产谱系。相关方法、结论可为城市建筑遗产谱系研究和公寓建筑遗产保护实践提供参考。