Sichuan province is one of the 13 major grain-producing provinces in China and also an obvious region of climate change.In this study, the responses of single cropping rice yields to climate variables under climate ch...Sichuan province is one of the 13 major grain-producing provinces in China and also an obvious region of climate change.In this study, the responses of single cropping rice yields to climate variables under climate change at each development stage wereinvestigated by using the linear regression method based on yield and climate data at 84 counties in Sichuan province of China from1981 to 2012. The results indicated that change of all climate variables （increase of average temperature and diurnal temperaturerange, and decrease of precipitation and solar radiation） during different development stages in recent 30 years caused significantchange of yield in less than 10% of the rice planting area. However, climate change from 1981 to 2012 had caused significantimpacts on rice yield in roughly 47.6% of the rice area, with yields fluctuating by -11.77% to 24.55%. Moreover, averagetemperature was the most key contributor for the impact on rice yields in all climate variables and solar radiation was the most keycontributor for the negative impact on rice yields. The empirical findings presented here provide a foundation for anticipating climatechange impacts on rice production.展开更多
<正> SAR-1 is a new germplasm which was discovered in the breeding material of southern multiplication in spring, 1988. The material showing high sterility of pollens is able to set seeds spontaneously. Under is...<正> SAR-1 is a new germplasm which was discovered in the breeding material of southern multiplication in spring, 1988. The material showing high sterility of pollens is able to set seeds spontaneously. Under isolation, the seed-setting highest rate may reach 55.33%. The florets emasculated by clipping spikelet and lukewarm water still set seeds at certain rates. The completely sterile florets, after being emasculated and checked under microscope one by one, still set seeds, and the highest setting rate is 41.80%. Cytoembryological research indicates that the egg of SAR-1, without fertilization, divides independently into an embryo, which follows the normal process to maturity. Adventitious embryos originate from ovary wall cells. Therefore, it is deduced that SAR-1 has multiple mechanisms of apomixis, and the unfertilized polar nuclei fuse and develop into endosperm cells. The endosperm provids the embryo with nutrient for development. The automatic formation of the endosperm is an obvious feature of SAR-1.展开更多
K You 48-2 is a new combination of early hybrid rice with good grain quality and high yield, developed by combining male sterile line K-Qing A having japonica cytoplasm and indica genome and restorer line Ce 48-2. In ...K You 48-2 is a new combination of early hybrid rice with good grain quality and high yield, developed by combining male sterile line K-Qing A having japonica cytoplasm and indica genome and restorer line Ce 48-2. In the regional trial of Hubei Province in 1991, its yield was 4.4% higher than that of the CK Weiyou 48-2, being significant at 0.05 level. In the same year, in another regional trial of Sichuan Province, its yield was 8.9% higher than that of the CK Weiyou 48-2, being significant at 0.01 level. It has the highest yield among all tested varieties in both provincial trials. It has shown good grain quality with 60% head rice recovery and moderate resistance to rice blast.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of water supply and consumption on water saving and drought resistance. [Method] Controlling field experiment was conducted to explore water balance between supply and dema...[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of water supply and consumption on water saving and drought resistance. [Method] Controlling field experiment was conducted to explore water balance between supply and demand in paddy fields in hilly regions in Sichuan Province. [Result] Rainfall in hilly areas was 3 611.10 m3/hm2; water for irrigation was 6 299.25 m3/hm2; evapotranspiration of rice was 6 424.95 m3/hm2; deep leakage was 2 459.55 m3/hm2; overflowing amount was 1 026.00 m3/hm2. In addition, water consumption totaled 8 884.50 m3/hm2 during rice production; water use was 0.99 kg/m3 and use efficiency of irrigated water was 1.40 kg/m3. [Conclusion] Water supply and consumption should be further organized to save water and fight against drought in hilly areas in Sichuan Province.展开更多
Amagnitude-8.0 earthquake hit Wenchuan in southwest China's Sichuan Province on May 12, 2008,sowing devastation and causing many casualties.When the earthquake struck,Luo Shide,a soil and fertilizer expert,was wor...Amagnitude-8.0 earthquake hit Wenchuan in southwest China's Sichuan Province on May 12, 2008,sowing devastation and causing many casualties.When the earthquake struck,Luo Shide,a soil and fertilizer expert,was working at the Agricultural Bureau of Beichuan County,one of the most affected areas.Surviving the earthquake and taking part in the reconstruction work were a life changing experience for Luo.展开更多
In hybrid plants,heterosis often produces large,vigorous plants with high yields;however,hybrid seeds are generated by costly and laborious crosses of inbred parents.Apomixis,in which a plant produces a clone of itsel...In hybrid plants,heterosis often produces large,vigorous plants with high yields;however,hybrid seeds are generated by costly and laborious crosses of inbred parents.Apomixis,in which a plant produces a clone of itself via asexual reproduction through seeds,may produce another revolution in plant biology.Recently,synthetic apomixis enabled clonal reproduction of F_(1) hybrids through seeds in rice(Oryza sativa),but the inheritance of the synthetic apomixis trait and superior heterotic phenotypes across generations remained unclear.Here,we propagated clonal plants to the T_(4) generation and investigated their genetic and molecular stability at each generation.By analyzing agronomic traits,as well as the genome,methylome,transcriptome,and allele-specific transcriptome,we showed that the descendant clonal plants remained stable.Unexpectedly,in addition to normal clonal seeds,the plants also produced a few aneuploids that had eliminated large genomic segments in each generation.Despite the identification of rare aneuploids,the observation that the synthetic apomixis trait is stably transmitted through multiple generations helps confirm the feasibility of using apomixis in the future.展开更多
文摘Sichuan province is one of the 13 major grain-producing provinces in China and also an obvious region of climate change.In this study, the responses of single cropping rice yields to climate variables under climate change at each development stage wereinvestigated by using the linear regression method based on yield and climate data at 84 counties in Sichuan province of China from1981 to 2012. The results indicated that change of all climate variables （increase of average temperature and diurnal temperaturerange, and decrease of precipitation and solar radiation） during different development stages in recent 30 years caused significantchange of yield in less than 10% of the rice planting area. However, climate change from 1981 to 2012 had caused significantimpacts on rice yield in roughly 47.6% of the rice area, with yields fluctuating by -11.77% to 24.55%. Moreover, averagetemperature was the most key contributor for the impact on rice yields in all climate variables and solar radiation was the most keycontributor for the negative impact on rice yields. The empirical findings presented here provide a foundation for anticipating climatechange impacts on rice production.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, Sichuan Science Committee, Sichuan Education Committee and Rockefeller Foundation.
文摘<正> SAR-1 is a new germplasm which was discovered in the breeding material of southern multiplication in spring, 1988. The material showing high sterility of pollens is able to set seeds spontaneously. Under isolation, the seed-setting highest rate may reach 55.33%. The florets emasculated by clipping spikelet and lukewarm water still set seeds at certain rates. The completely sterile florets, after being emasculated and checked under microscope one by one, still set seeds, and the highest setting rate is 41.80%. Cytoembryological research indicates that the egg of SAR-1, without fertilization, divides independently into an embryo, which follows the normal process to maturity. Adventitious embryos originate from ovary wall cells. Therefore, it is deduced that SAR-1 has multiple mechanisms of apomixis, and the unfertilized polar nuclei fuse and develop into endosperm cells. The endosperm provids the embryo with nutrient for development. The automatic formation of the endosperm is an obvious feature of SAR-1.
文摘K You 48-2 is a new combination of early hybrid rice with good grain quality and high yield, developed by combining male sterile line K-Qing A having japonica cytoplasm and indica genome and restorer line Ce 48-2. In the regional trial of Hubei Province in 1991, its yield was 4.4% higher than that of the CK Weiyou 48-2, being significant at 0.05 level. In the same year, in another regional trial of Sichuan Province, its yield was 8.9% higher than that of the CK Weiyou 48-2, being significant at 0.01 level. It has the highest yield among all tested varieties in both provincial trials. It has shown good grain quality with 60% head rice recovery and moderate resistance to rice blast.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of water supply and consumption on water saving and drought resistance. [Method] Controlling field experiment was conducted to explore water balance between supply and demand in paddy fields in hilly regions in Sichuan Province. [Result] Rainfall in hilly areas was 3 611.10 m3/hm2; water for irrigation was 6 299.25 m3/hm2; evapotranspiration of rice was 6 424.95 m3/hm2; deep leakage was 2 459.55 m3/hm2; overflowing amount was 1 026.00 m3/hm2. In addition, water consumption totaled 8 884.50 m3/hm2 during rice production; water use was 0.99 kg/m3 and use efficiency of irrigated water was 1.40 kg/m3. [Conclusion] Water supply and consumption should be further organized to save water and fight against drought in hilly areas in Sichuan Province.
文摘Amagnitude-8.0 earthquake hit Wenchuan in southwest China's Sichuan Province on May 12, 2008,sowing devastation and causing many casualties.When the earthquake struck,Luo Shide,a soil and fertilizer expert,was working at the Agricultural Bureau of Beichuan County,one of the most affected areas.Surviving the earthquake and taking part in the reconstruction work were a life changing experience for Luo.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2030,32025028,and 32188102)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Y2022QC20)+1 种基金the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory(#B21HJ0215)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202001).
文摘In hybrid plants,heterosis often produces large,vigorous plants with high yields;however,hybrid seeds are generated by costly and laborious crosses of inbred parents.Apomixis,in which a plant produces a clone of itself via asexual reproduction through seeds,may produce another revolution in plant biology.Recently,synthetic apomixis enabled clonal reproduction of F_(1) hybrids through seeds in rice(Oryza sativa),but the inheritance of the synthetic apomixis trait and superior heterotic phenotypes across generations remained unclear.Here,we propagated clonal plants to the T_(4) generation and investigated their genetic and molecular stability at each generation.By analyzing agronomic traits,as well as the genome,methylome,transcriptome,and allele-specific transcriptome,we showed that the descendant clonal plants remained stable.Unexpectedly,in addition to normal clonal seeds,the plants also produced a few aneuploids that had eliminated large genomic segments in each generation.Despite the identification of rare aneuploids,the observation that the synthetic apomixis trait is stably transmitted through multiple generations helps confirm the feasibility of using apomixis in the future.
