Effect of Uncertainty of the Pre-Exponential Factor on Kinetic Parameters of Hydrocarbon Generation from Organic Matter and its Geological Applications

The source rock sample of the Shahejie Formation （upper Es4） in Jiyang Sag was pyrolyzed under open system with the Rock-Eval-lI apparatus, and then kinetic model parameters were calibrated for investigating the effect of uncertainty of pre-exponential factors on kinetic parameters and geological applications, where the parallel first-order reaction rate model with an average pre- exponential factor and discrete distribution activity energies was used. The results indicate that when the pre-exponential factor changes from low to high, an extreme value for residual errors occurs. And with the increasing pre-exponential factor, the distribution shape of activation energies are nearly the same, but the values of activation energies move higher integrally, and the average activation energy increases about 12 kJ/mol for every 10-fold of the pre-exponential factors. Extrapolating the geological heating rate of 3.3 ~C/Ma, the results show that with the increases in pre-exponential factor, the geological temperature corresponding to TRo.5 （transforming ratio of hydrocarbon generation is 50%） increases gradually, and the additional temperature gradually decreases. Combined with geochemical data of source rock, the kinetic parameters with different pre-exponentia[ factors are used to calculate the transformation ratio of hydrocarbon generation, and the result indicates that kinetic parameters corresponding to the better optimized pre-exponential factor are more suitable. It is suggested that the risk assessment of hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters should be enhanced when using the kinetic method to appraise the oil-gas resources. Meantime, the application result of different kinetic parameters should be verified with geological and geochemical data of source rock in the target area; therefore, the most suitable kinetic parameters for target can be obtained.

An improved apparent permeability model considering full pore pressure range,variable intrinsic permeability and slippage coefficient

Although the slippage effect has been extensively studied,most of the previous studies focused on the impact of the slippage effect on apparent permeability within a low pore pressure range,resulting in the inability of matching the evolution of permeability in the remaining pressure range.In this paper,a new apparent permeability model that reveals the evolution of permeability under the combined action of effective stress and slippage in the full pore pressure range was proposed.In this model,both intrinsic permeability and slippage coefficient are stress dependent.Three experimental tests with pore pressure lower than 2 MPa and a test with pore pressure at about 10 MPa using cores from the same origin under constant confining stress and constant effective stress are conducted.By comparing experimental data and another apparent permeability model,we proved the fidelity of our newly developed model.Furthermore,the contribution factor of the slippage effect Rslip is used to determine the low pore pressure limit with significant slippage effect.Our results show that both narrow initial pore size and high effective stress increase the critical pore pressure.Finally,the evolutions of the slippage coefficient and the intrinsic permeability under different boundary conditions were analyzed.

Free radicals, apparent activation energy, and functional groups during low-temperature oxidation of Jurassic coal in Northern Shaanxi

Correlations among free radicals, apparent activation energy, and functional groups during lowtemperature oxidation of Jurassic coal in Northern Shaanxi were investigated by examining three coal samples collected from the Ningtiaota, Jianxin, and Shigetai coal mines. Free radical concentrations at less than 120 ℃ were investigated by electron spin resonance experiments while the thermogravimetric experiments were conducted to analyze apparent activation energies. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to study the spectrum of functional groups generated in coal. The results indicated that, in decreasing order, the apparent activation energies were Shigetai 〉Jianxin 〉 Ningtiaota, indicating that, from 50 to 120 ℃, the Ningtiaota coal sample most easily absorbed and reacted with oxygen while the most resistant was the Shigetai coal sample. Free radical concentrations and line heights increased with increased temperature, and the line width and Lande factor showed irregular fluctuations. Functional group variations were different among these coals, and the phenol and alcohol-associated OHs, carboxyls, and aromatic ring double bonds might have had a major impact on free radical concentrations. These results were meaningful for better consideration and management of coal oxidation at low temperatures.

Perinatal Stroke and Apparent Life-Threatening Event: A Case Report

To analyze how the multidisciplinary clinical, biohumoral, instrumental approach to ALTE (Apparent Life Threatening Event) episode may discover cardiovascular disease in the newborn. Introduction: In the first year of life ALTEs concern 0.8% of access to Pediatric Emergency Department. The cause of apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) in infants reflects a differential diagnosis that includes an array of congenital or acquired disorders. Approximately 10% - 25% of ap-parent life-threatening events may remain unexplained following a thorough evaluation. Case re-port: B. E., a 2-month-old child, in wellbeing, shortly before meal, during sleep, was not responsive to repeated stimulations;he was hypotonic and unresponsive. About 15 minutes later, he pre-sented a normal tone and state of consciousness. Evaluating the referred symptoms, diagnostic protocol for ALTE was started;the Angio-MRI brain performed as second line analysis showed a focal gliotic lesion at left striatal area. The cardiological evaluation with echocardiography detected a pervium foramen ovale (PFO), with minimum shunt left-right direction. At least, biohumoral tests revealed protrombin gene heterozygosis mutation. Conclusion: Apparent Life-Threatening Events are first manifestation of stroke in infant. Discussion: This report discloses how the multidisciplinary clinical approach is essential in ALTE. The exact management of ALTE patients is very important in situations like this, when the concomitant disease is rare. In fact, arterial stroke incidence in children > 28 days of life is estimated between 1.2 and 7.9 cases/100,000 child-ren/year. However, in the last 20 years, we observed an increased incidence of stroke, probably related to two main causes: a greater attention for this disease and a major survival of children with pathology that arrange for stroke thanks to a better prevention. In conclusion, it’s a fundamental multidisciplinary approach even in following months after the events.

基于均匀试验法的清水混凝土清水效果影响因素研究

通过均匀试验法研究了水胶比、胶凝材料用量、矿渣掺量、砂率对清水混凝土清水效果的影响,以混凝土表面色差、气孔率、裂缝率为指标,建立了量化评价清水混凝土清水效果的方法,使用二项式逐步回归分析建立了清水混凝土配合比参数对清水效果影响的方程,并得到最优配合比。结果表明,水胶比对清水混凝土清水效果影响最大,胶凝材料用量次之,砂率主要影响混凝土的表面气孔率和表面裂缝率,矿渣掺量对清水效果没有明显影响;清水效果最好的配合比为水胶比0.43,胶凝材料用量475 kg/m^(3),矿渣掺量25%,砂率0.40。

定量CT联合MRI扩散加权成像在预测肺癌表皮生长因子受体突变中的应用价值

目的探讨采用定量CT联合MRI扩散加权成像(MR-DWI)预测肺癌表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变状态,并评估二者的诊断效能。方法选取47例经EGFR基因检测的肺腺癌患者,其中EGFR突变19例,未突变28例。全部患者治疗前均接受CT、MRI扫描,并取病理活检。将CAD定量分析结果及ADC值进行分析,并将有统计学意义的参数使用二元Logistic回归分析,用于筛选预测EGFR突变的影响因子。绘制ROC曲线,评估预测效能。结果两组间性别、年龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),病灶体积差异有统计学意义(P=0.020)。由2位放射科医师对ADC值测量的一致性较好(ICC=0.978)。EGFR突变型组与野生型组两组间ADC值差异有统计学意义(P=0.045)。肿瘤体积、ADC值均是预测肺腺癌EGFR基因突变状态的独立危险因素。联合ADC值与体积二者较单独ADC值、体积可提高预测EGFR突变状态的敏感度(84.2%vs 50.0%vs 64.3%)及AUC(0.805 vs 0.674 vs 0.701)。结论肿瘤体积、MR-DWI ADC值可用来无创的预测肺癌EGFR基因突变状态,联合二者可提高预测能力,为临床制定治疗策略提供影像学依据。

磁共振ADC与乳腺浸润性癌的预后因子表达的相关性研究

目的研究磁共振表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)与乳腺浸润性癌的预后因子表达的相关性。方法回顾性分析2019年9月至2022年6月萍乡市人民医院收治的70例乳腺浸润性癌的临床资料,按照病理分期分为早中期乳腺癌组(n=36)与晚期乳腺浸润性癌组(n=34)。比较两组ADC值、肿瘤常规预后因子(肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移状态、病理分级)、生物学预后因子[雌激素受体(estrogen re�ceptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor)PR、人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)、磷蛋白53(phos�phoprotein 53,P53)、增殖相关Ki-67抗原(proliferation related Ki-67 antigen,Ki-67)],采用Spearman分析病灶ADC值与生物学预后因子的相关性。结果两组ADC值比较差异无统计学意义;晚期乳腺浸润癌组肿瘤直径大于早中期乳腺浸润癌组,淋巴结转移率、病理分级均高于早中期乳腺浸润癌组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组ER、PR、HER2、P53阳性率和Ki-67高表达率比较差异无统计学意义。ER阳性、PR阳性患者的ADC值高于ER阴性、PR阴性患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HER2阳性、P53阳性、Ki-67阳性患者的ADC值均低于HER2阴性、P53阴性、Ki-67阴性患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ADC值与ER、PR呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05),与HER2、P53、Ki-67呈负相关(r<0,P<0.05)。结论ADC值与乳腺浸润性癌的预后因子表达有显著相关性,临床可通过检测ADC值制订乳腺癌最佳治疗方案,可为临床乳腺浸润性癌的预后提供参考依据,实现乳腺浸润性癌的精确治疗,改善患者预后。

磁共振成像ADC联合血清IGF-1水平对早产儿脑白质损伤诊断和预后评估的临床价值

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)表观扩散系数(ADC)联合血清胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)水平对早产儿脑白质损伤(PWML)诊断和预后评估的临床价值。方法选择PWML早产儿114例(观察组),其中PWML病情程度轻度35例、中度46例、重度33例,规范治疗后预后良好85例、预后不良29例,同期另选无颅脑疾病的早产儿34例(对照组)。所有早产儿出生2周内接受颅脑MRI检查,常规行扩散张量成像扫描,选取感兴趣区测量ADC;采集外周静脉血,离心留取血清,采用ELISA法检测血清IGF-1。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析ADC和血清IGF-1水平对PWML早产儿诊断和预后评估的临床价值。结果观察组ADC和血清IGF-1水平均低于对照组(P均<0.05);随着病情程度增加,PWML早产儿ADC和血清IGF-1水平逐渐降低(P均<0.05)。预后不良者ADC和血清IGF-1水平均低于预后良好者(P均<0.05)。ADC、血清IGF-1水平单独和联合诊断早产儿PWML的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.772、0.762、0.960,ADC、血清IGF-1水平联合诊断早产儿PWML的AUC高于二者单独(Z分别为3.951、5.033,P均<0.05)。PWML早产儿预后不良者ADC和血清IGF-1水平均低于预后良好者(P均<0.05)。ADC、血清IGF-1水平单独和联合预测PWML早产儿预后的AUC分别为0.722、0.636、0.950,ADC、血清IGF-1水平联合预测PWML早产儿预后的AUC高于二者单独(Z分别为3.887、5.292,P均<0.05)。结论PWML早产儿ADC和血清IGF-1水平均降低,二者变化与PWML早产儿病情程度加重和预后不良有关;ADC和血清IGF-1水平对PWML早产儿诊断和预后评估均有一定临床价值,二者联合临床价值更高。

乙酸乙酯皂化反应速率常数的测定实验改进和拓展

本文针对现有物理化学实验教材中的“乙酸乙酯皂化反应速率常数的测定”实验进行改进和拓展。首先,以夹套烧杯为皂化反应池,通过恒温水循环及磁力搅拌确保了实验过程中溶液浓度均匀、温度恒定;其次,取一定体积浓度为0.01 mol∙L^(−1)的氢氧化钠溶液于反应池中待恒温后测定电导率值,记为κ0,再使用微量取样器取等摩尔数的乙酸乙酯加入到反应器中并同时计时,测定不同时间的电导率值,记为κt;第三,通过数据归一化处理消除了电极常数的影响,使物理量意义明确、实验现象直观。改进后的实验步骤减少、数据测量准确性提高,可以测量高温条件下、快速的皂化反应速率常数,在有限的课时内学生可以通过分工协作、共享数据,获得表观活化能及指前因子。

基于线损等效的视在功率和功率因数计算方法研究

分析了三相严重不平衡条件下现有功率因数的计算结果,指出了现有计算方法在反映实际线路利用率情况存在的不足。基于线路功率损耗等效原理,提出了一种能够准确反映实际线路利用率的功率因数和视在功率计算新方法。给出了现有智能电能表实现等效功率因数和视在功率计算的升级方案,同时以高准确度智能电能表作为测试平台,与现有功率因数进行三相非正弦不平衡试验条件下的对比测试。数据分析表明,与现有功率因数和视在功率相比,所提出的功率因数和视在功率新方法能够如实反映实际线路利用率情况,能够为功率因数的改善提供合理依据。

正交试验综合评分法用于预拌泡沫混凝土配合比优化设计技术研究

通过正交试验,针对胶凝材料组成、矿物掺合料、水胶比、发泡剂等因素,对泡沫混凝土的发泡效果、湿表观密度、凝结时间、抗压强度等性能的影响程度和规律进行了研究分析,采用综合评分法确定最优配合比,结果表明水胶比定则并不适用于泡沫混凝土;通过掺加和调整减水剂、稳泡剂和保水剂、促凝剂对泡沫混凝土的流动性、稳泡性能及凝结性能进行改进;通过加压试验方法测定泡沫混凝土的压力变化量,为配合比设计优化提供评价依据。

Economic Improvement of Power Factor Correction: A Case Study

Power factor (PF) is simply an expression of energy efficiency, which is always expressed in terms of percentage. Technically, PF is a ratio of real power in Kilowatts to the apparent power, which is always expressed in kilovolts amperes. In AC power analysis, power is always expressed in three ways, the real power (P), reactive power (Q), and the apparent power (S). The real power is the work useful power, while the reactive power is the wasted power in the 3-phase AC system, and the apparent power is the vectorial sum of the two powers. The increase of reactive power will reduce the presence of real power, thus making the power to be more expensive. In this paper, we will analyze the importance of improving the power factor by applying a bank of capacitors to a case study in Lebanon. Analysis of the economic improvement in the application of power factor correction is carried out. The result shows a reduction of 12 percent in the total cost.

单胎濒死儿发生的围生期危险因素分析

目的探讨单胎濒死儿发生的围生期危险因素,为濒死儿综合诊治提供依据。方法该研究为病例对照研究。选取2006年1月—2015年12月在复旦大学附属妇产科医院出生的154例胎龄≥28周、1 min Apgar评分为0~1分的单胎新生儿为病例组(濒死组),按1∶4比例随机选取616例同期出生的单胎非濒死儿(1 min Apgar评分>1分)为对照组,采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析评估濒死儿发生的围生期危险因素。结果濒死组胎龄和出生体重均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。濒死组胎儿水肿、脐带脱垂、羊水Ⅲ度污染、胎盘早剥、臀位、重度子痫前期、母亲产时全麻、产前胎心监护异常、产前胎动减少发生比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示母亲产时全麻(OR=34.520)、产前胎动减少(OR=28.168)、胎盘早剥(OR=15.641)、羊水Ⅲ度污染(OR=6.365)、产前胎心监护异常(OR=5.739)、臀位(OR=2.614)是濒死儿发生的危险因素(P<0.05),胎龄较大(OR=0.686)是濒死儿发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论临床需对产前胎心监护异常、胎动减少、早产、胎盘早剥、臀位、羊水Ⅲ度污染、全麻手术的产妇引起重视,做好新生儿复苏准备,防范濒死儿的发生。

小极距井下地电阻率观测对地表环境影响的抑制分析——以北京地区台站为例

地震地电阻率是观测中强地震孕震过程中微变形或微破裂变化的方法之一。近年来发展起来的小极距井下地电阻率观测,不仅能够抑制地表环境干扰,还能够缓解地表地电阻率占地面积大的困扰。基于北京地区延庆台、平谷台和通州台小极距井下地电阻率观测,通过与同场地地表地电阻率对比观测和数值模拟计算,分析了地表铁质干扰、季节变化、降水和潜水等因素对地电阻率观测的影响。结果显示,与同场地地表地电阻率相比,小极距井下地电阻率对地表自然环境因素的影响有较好的抑制能力,增强了观测效能。

平原感潮河网地区河道水体表观污染评价及来源解析

以佛山市大沥镇河道为研究对象,采用表观污染指数法及表观污染类型的分类方法,从污染程度和污染类型2个角度对平原感潮河网地区河道水体表观污染状况及污染源进行评价,并利用正定矩阵因子分解模型定量解析污染源。结果表明:佛山市大沥镇河道水体表观质量整体不佳,表观污染类型以混合主导型为主,夏季和晚春的表观污染程度重于早春。不同片区水体表观状况从优至劣依次为镇水围片区>白沙片区>盐联围片区>黄岐盐联围片区>谢边涌及香基河片区>泌冲片区>后海片区。退潮时段河道水体表观质量较差,且涨退潮对镇南部河道水体表观质量影响较大。不同表观污染类型河道的污染源类型及贡献率不同,有机主导型(黑臭)的主要污染源为点源污染(52.61%);有机主导型(水华)的主要污染源为农业面源(35.98%);营养主导型的主要污染源为种植业污染(51.43%);无机主导型的主要污染源为地表径流(41.50%)。研究显示,大沥镇河道水体表观污染时空变化较为显著,不同表观污染类型的污染源具有差异性,需分类治理,从而改善水体表观状况。

利用高密度电法勘探盐边县格萨拉巨型滑坡堆积体

探讨盐边县格萨拉巨型滑坡堆积体的滑动面的位置和形态并分析滑坡稳定性进而为拟建高速公路路线设计提供有效的建议。采用高密度电法作为初步勘察阶段的滑坡勘探手段,建立不同采集装置的滑坡正演模型进行数值分析,初步了解拟勘探滑坡的视电阻率拟断面图并确定采集装置类型,结合地质调查结果,确定主要的反演参数,并根据反演结果修正正演模型进行对比判别。结果表明,研究所用的反演参数效果较好,正演模型修正之后的视电阻率剖面与反演结果相匹配,使反演解译成果能够较好地反映出真实滑动面的位置和形态,且通过钻探得到了验证,计算结果表明该滑坡处于不稳定状态。最终,拟建高速公路的选线设计采纳了研究成果,对该巨型滑坡堆积体采取绕避措施,说明高速公路初步勘察阶段采用高密度电法作为巨型滑坡堆积体滑动面勘察的地球物理勘探手段是经济且高效的。

大规模电阻阵红外景象产生器件的像素设计研究

电阻阵作为一种动态红外景象产生器件,在红外半实物仿真领域有着重要的应用。电阻阵可实现的规模与性能与红外微辐射像素列阵的设计有着密切的关系。文中从应用系统对大规模电阻阵器件的要求出发,结合电阻阵的工作原理,提出了像素驱动电路与MEMS结构一体化的设计方案,设计了规模可拓展的高占空比像素结构。通过采用高消光系数材料以及光学谐振腔结构,微辐射元的中波红外和长波红外的表面发射率达0.7。热力学仿真表明,通过合理的薄膜厚度和结构设计,微辐射元阵列的占空比达到51%,升、降温的热响应时间均小于5 ms,0.6 mW功率驱动下应力翘曲小于300 nm,长波红外表观温度可达582 K,中波红外表观温度可达658 K。结合设计方案提出了工艺制备方案,并通过小阵列流片初步验证了设计方案的可行性。该设计研究为国产大规模、高占空比电阻阵的研制指明了方向。

半航空瞬变电磁在煤矿隐蔽致灾领域的应用

隐蔽致灾因素普查对煤矿安全生产具有重要意义,致灾因素的探查和辨识是确保煤矿安全生产的重要手段。本文以新疆库拜煤田某煤矿为研究对象,采用半航空瞬变电磁法对矿区进行采空积水区和地下水补给通道的探测。经钻探验证及抽水试验证实,综合物探方法成效显著。

氨基葡萄糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、养分代谢及炎症反应的影响

试验旨在研究氨基葡萄糖(GlcN)对肉仔鸡生长性能、养分代谢及炎症反应的影响。选择健康、体重相近的360只1日龄柳州麻花肉仔鸡,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复18只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.05%、0.10%、0.20%和0.30%的GlcN。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,0.05%和0.10%GlcN组的7、14、21和28日龄体重显著升高(P<0.05),0.10%GlcN组的1~7日龄、22~28日龄和1~28日龄平均日增重显著升高(P<0.05),0.05%GlcN组的8~14日龄和1~28日龄平均日增采食量显著升高(P<0.05),0.05%和0.10%GlcN组的1~7日龄料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)GlcN添加水平与肉仔鸡体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量呈二次曲线关系,当GlcN添加水平分别为0.113%、0.119%和0.113%时,肉仔鸡的体重、平均日增重和平均日采食量达到最大。3)与对照组相比,0.05%、0.10%和0.20%GlcN组的干物质、粗蛋白质、钙和磷表观代谢率显著升高(P<0.05),0.10%和0.20%GlcN组的总能表观代谢率显著升高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,0.05%、0.10%和0.20%组的血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著降低(P<0.05),0.10%组的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加适量GlcN可提高肉仔鸡生长性能和养分表观代谢率,降低机体炎症反应。本试验条件下,1~28日龄周柳州麻花肉仔鸡的饲粮适宜GlcN添加水平为0.11%~0.12%。

一种改进的微光夜视系统视距探测方程

视距是评估微光夜视成像系统性能的一个重要参数。随着微光夜视探测技术的发展,经典视距模型的视距仿真结果与实测结果出现了一些偏差,特别是在10-3 lx低照度条件下视距仿真结果不甚理想,这对微光夜视仪在实际应用中造成了很大的阻碍。针对这一问题,从微光成像系统成像链路的三个环节对经典视距模型进行修正:考虑大气透过率对微光夜视系统视距的影响并对经典视距模型中的大气透过率因子进行修正;基于像增强器噪声因子对视距模型进行修正;考虑人眼视觉传递特性对微光夜视系统视距的影响,在系统的传递函数模型中加入了简化的人眼视觉模型。进而推导出改进的视距模型。结合野外试验数据,验证了改进视距模型的有效性和实用性,这对于微光夜视系统的设计、评估和应用具有一定的指导性意义。