Surface distribution and seasonal variation of alkalinity and specific alkalinity in Kuroshio area of the East ChinaSea and their application to the water mass tracing are discussed in this paper. Results show a disti...Surface distribution and seasonal variation of alkalinity and specific alkalinity in Kuroshio area of the East ChinaSea and their application to the water mass tracing are discussed in this paper. Results show a distinct seasonal variation of the alkalinity, which is concerned with the process of vertical mixing. Different specific alkalinity in various water masses has been found. On the basis of the difference of the specific alkalinity and the distribution of alkalinity, two water fronts in summer season, located at 27°-30°N and 124°-1 27°E, (Ⅰ), and at the northern waters about one latitude from the Taiwan Island, (Ⅱ); one in winter season at about one longitude from coast of mainland of China and 26°-30°N were found. In summer season, about 1-2 longitudes eastward shift of front (Ⅰ) is found by comparison of data in May and August. And the high alkalinity of the northern East China Sea in summer season may be caused by the Huanghe River runoff flowing southward along with the Huanghai Sea Coastal Current.展开更多
For solving water entry problems, a numerical method is presented, which is a CFD method based on free surface capturing method and Cartesian cut cell mesh.In this approach, incompressible Euler equations for a variab...For solving water entry problems, a numerical method is presented, which is a CFD method based on free surface capturing method and Cartesian cut cell mesh.In this approach, incompressible Euler equations for a variable density fluid are numerically calculated by the finite volume method.Then artificial compressibility method, dual time-stepping technique and Roe's approximate Riemann solver are adopted in the numerical scheme.Finally, some application cases are designed to show the ability of the current method to cope with water entry problems in ocean engineering.展开更多
According to the extent of fungal infections, to be chronic these such diseases and recently the emerging issue of increased antibiotic resistance in fungal infections, most of scientists are going to find a proper wa...According to the extent of fungal infections, to be chronic these such diseases and recently the emerging issue of increased antibiotic resistance in fungal infections, most of scientists are going to find a proper way to replace antibacterial agent by significant semiconductor ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). They are well known to be one of the most important and special metal oxide nanoparticles in pharmaceutical against the most common fungi. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using sol-gel, hydrothermal and functionalized surface methods and formulated in water solutions as nanofluids. XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques and UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy characterized their ZnO modified nanostructures. Also antimycotic potential according to generally tests such as: (MIC) minimum inhibitory concentration, (MFC) minimum fungicidal concentration and normally well diffusion method with standard strains fungi were performed. Among five common fungi strains using in this research, new various ZnO nanofluids showed noticeable results for dermatophyte fungi like Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Candida albicans and Candid tropicalis which had un growth zones in order 70, 40, 35, 30 and 30 mm in comparing with Clotrimazole reference reagent: 30, 25, 25, 18 and 20 mm by well method. The performance of MIC for ZnO nanofluids on fungi was determined to be equal to 0.35, 3.12, 6.25, 6.25 and 6.25 μgr/ml and MFC of nanoproducts showed the 1.5, 12.5, 25, 25 and 25 μgr/ml. Therefore, the designed ZnO nanofluids could reveal the most effect on fungi which cause dermal (ringworm), mucosal (thrush) and vaginal infections, so we are able to apply these surface high energetic ZnO water-based nanofluid formulations as in vitro nanomedicine and nanohygiene for the first time.展开更多
太阳电池表面温度越高,其转换效率越低。针对该现状对太阳能光伏(PV)系统进行表面水降温研究并对该系统进行理论模型和实验测试,将其与同样材质、同等规格和相同倾角固定的追踪式光伏(track type photovoltaic,TPV)系统进行对比研究。...太阳电池表面温度越高,其转换效率越低。针对该现状对太阳能光伏(PV)系统进行表面水降温研究并对该系统进行理论模型和实验测试,将其与同样材质、同等规格和相同倾角固定的追踪式光伏(track type photovoltaic,TPV)系统进行对比研究。研究表明,以太阳电池板背板温度作为实际工作温度建立的传热理论模型较为合理。实验系统的最佳喷淋流量为0.9 m3/h,喷水温度越低,电池的转换效率越高。通过对表面水降温PV系统及倾角固定的TPV系统的对比研究得出表面水降温PV系统不但能定期除尘且能提高电池转换效率。展开更多
文摘Surface distribution and seasonal variation of alkalinity and specific alkalinity in Kuroshio area of the East ChinaSea and their application to the water mass tracing are discussed in this paper. Results show a distinct seasonal variation of the alkalinity, which is concerned with the process of vertical mixing. Different specific alkalinity in various water masses has been found. On the basis of the difference of the specific alkalinity and the distribution of alkalinity, two water fronts in summer season, located at 27°-30°N and 124°-1 27°E, (Ⅰ), and at the northern waters about one latitude from the Taiwan Island, (Ⅱ); one in winter season at about one longitude from coast of mainland of China and 26°-30°N were found. In summer season, about 1-2 longitudes eastward shift of front (Ⅰ) is found by comparison of data in May and August. And the high alkalinity of the northern East China Sea in summer season may be caused by the Huanghe River runoff flowing southward along with the Huanghai Sea Coastal Current.
基金Supported by the National 863 Plan Foundation under Grant No.2006AA09A104
文摘For solving water entry problems, a numerical method is presented, which is a CFD method based on free surface capturing method and Cartesian cut cell mesh.In this approach, incompressible Euler equations for a variable density fluid are numerically calculated by the finite volume method.Then artificial compressibility method, dual time-stepping technique and Roe's approximate Riemann solver are adopted in the numerical scheme.Finally, some application cases are designed to show the ability of the current method to cope with water entry problems in ocean engineering.
文摘According to the extent of fungal infections, to be chronic these such diseases and recently the emerging issue of increased antibiotic resistance in fungal infections, most of scientists are going to find a proper way to replace antibacterial agent by significant semiconductor ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). They are well known to be one of the most important and special metal oxide nanoparticles in pharmaceutical against the most common fungi. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using sol-gel, hydrothermal and functionalized surface methods and formulated in water solutions as nanofluids. XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques and UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy characterized their ZnO modified nanostructures. Also antimycotic potential according to generally tests such as: (MIC) minimum inhibitory concentration, (MFC) minimum fungicidal concentration and normally well diffusion method with standard strains fungi were performed. Among five common fungi strains using in this research, new various ZnO nanofluids showed noticeable results for dermatophyte fungi like Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Candida albicans and Candid tropicalis which had un growth zones in order 70, 40, 35, 30 and 30 mm in comparing with Clotrimazole reference reagent: 30, 25, 25, 18 and 20 mm by well method. The performance of MIC for ZnO nanofluids on fungi was determined to be equal to 0.35, 3.12, 6.25, 6.25 and 6.25 μgr/ml and MFC of nanoproducts showed the 1.5, 12.5, 25, 25 and 25 μgr/ml. Therefore, the designed ZnO nanofluids could reveal the most effect on fungi which cause dermal (ringworm), mucosal (thrush) and vaginal infections, so we are able to apply these surface high energetic ZnO water-based nanofluid formulations as in vitro nanomedicine and nanohygiene for the first time.
文摘太阳电池表面温度越高,其转换效率越低。针对该现状对太阳能光伏(PV)系统进行表面水降温研究并对该系统进行理论模型和实验测试,将其与同样材质、同等规格和相同倾角固定的追踪式光伏(track type photovoltaic,TPV)系统进行对比研究。研究表明,以太阳电池板背板温度作为实际工作温度建立的传热理论模型较为合理。实验系统的最佳喷淋流量为0.9 m3/h,喷水温度越低,电池的转换效率越高。通过对表面水降温PV系统及倾角固定的TPV系统的对比研究得出表面水降温PV系统不但能定期除尘且能提高电池转换效率。
