Test system of the front-end readout for an application-specific integrated circuit for the water Cherenkov detector array at the large high-altitude air shower observatory

The water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA) is an important part of the large high-altitude air shower observatory(LHAASO),which is in a research and development phase.The central scientific goal of LHAASO is to explore the origin of high-energy cosmic rays of the universe and to push forward the frontier of new physics.To simplify the WCDA's readout electronics,a prototype of a front-end readout for an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC) is designed based on the timeover-threshold method to achieve charge-to-time conversion.High-precision time measurement and charge measurement are necessary over a full dynamic range[1-4000photoelectrons(P.E.)].To evaluate the performance of this ASIC,a test system is designed that includes the front-end ASIC test module,digitization module,and test software.The first module needs to be customized for different ASIC versions,whereas the digitization module and test software are tested for general-purpose use.In the digitization module,a field programmable gate array-based time-todigital converter is designed with a bin size of 333 ps,which also integrates an inter-integrated circuit to configure the ASIC test module,and a universal serial bus interface is designed to transfer data to the remote computer.Test results indicate that the time resolution is better than 0.5 ns,and the charge resolution is better than 30%root mean square(RMS) at 1 P.E.and 3%RMS at 4000 P.E.,which are beyond the application requirements.

Molecular Application of a State Specific Multi-Reference Brillouin-Wigner Perturbation Theory

The single reference second order Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory recently developed, which eliminates its size-extensivity error, has been generalized to state-specific, multi-reference （SS-MR）, BWPT2 providing a size-extensive correction to the electron correlation problem for systems that demand the use of a multi-reference function. Illustrative numerical tests of the size-extensivity corrections are made for widely used molecules in their ground states, which are pronounced multi-reference characteristics. We have implemented two-reference and three-reference cases for CH2, BH and bond breaking process in the ground states of HF molecules. The results are compared with the rigorously size-extensive methods such as the M^ller-Plesset perturbation theory, i.e., MP2, full configuration interaction （Full-CI） and allied methods using the same basis sets.

Evaluation of XIS-Mobile, a Domain Specific Language for Mobile Application Development

The great evolution of the mobile market during the last years caused some fragmentation of the mobile platforms namely through the existence of different programming languages and software development tools for each platform. This fact can be an obstacle and increases the development complexity and costs when we want to develop mobile applications for multiple platforms. The XIS-Mobile domain specific language (defined as a UML profile) and its MDD-based framework address this problem by proposing platform-independent models to describe mobile applications and from them automatically generate the application’s source code. Many issues arose during an iterative process of evaluation which originated changes and the evolution of XIS-Mobile. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of XIS-Mobile (both the language and the companion framework) obtained through the implementation of a case study and by conducting a user session, and discusses its benefits and challenges.

Surface distribution of alkalinity and specific alkalinity and their application to water mass tracing in Kuroshio area of the East China Sea

Surface distribution and seasonal variation of alkalinity and specific alkalinity in Kuroshio area of the East ChinaSea and their application to the water mass tracing are discussed in this paper. Results show a distinct seasonal variation of the alkalinity, which is concerned with the process of vertical mixing. Different specific alkalinity in various water masses has been found. On the basis of the difference of the specific alkalinity and the distribution of alkalinity, two water fronts in summer season, located at 27°-30°N and 124°-1 27°E, (Ⅰ), and at the northern waters about one latitude from the Taiwan Island, (Ⅱ); one in winter season at about one longitude from coast of mainland of China and 26°-30°N were found. In summer season, about 1-2 longitudes eastward shift of front (Ⅰ) is found by comparison of data in May and August. And the high alkalinity of the northern East China Sea in summer season may be caused by the Huanghe River runoff flowing southward along with the Huanghai Sea Coastal Current.

Modern Monitoring Intraocular Pressure Sensing Devices Based on Application Specific Integrated Circuits

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative condition that is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main risk factor for the development and progression of the disease. Methods to lower IOP remain the first line treatments for the condition. Current methods of IOP measurement do not permit temporary noninvasive monitoring 24-hour IOP on a periodic basis. Ongoing research will in time provide a means of developing a device that will enable continuous or temporary monitoring of IOP. At present a device suitable for clinical use is not yet available.This review contains a description of different devices currently in development for measuring IOP: soft contact lens, LC resonant circuits and on-chip sensing devices. All of them use application-specific integrated circuits (ASICS) to process the measured signals and send them to recording devices. Soft contact lens devices are based on an embedded strain gauge, LC circuits vary their resonance frequency depending on the intraocular pressure (IOP) and, finally, on-chip sensing devices include an integrated microelectromechanical sensor (MEMS). MEMS are capacitors whose capacity varies with IOP. These devices allow for an accurate IOP measurement (up to +/– 0.2 mm Hg) with high sampling rates (up to 1 sample/min) and storing 1 week of raw data. All of them operate in an autonomous way and even some of them are energetically independent.

Preliminary Report on Application Effects of Slow-release Formula Fertilizer in Tea Plants

In order to accelerate the construction of green production mode for tea in Hubei Province, improve the yield of tea and use efficiency of fertilizers, and improve the quality of tea, application effects of special slow-release formula fertilizer in tea plants were investigated in Wuhan. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, application of tea plant-specific slow-release formula fertilizer improved the yield of tea by more than 30%. The amino acid content in tea was increased by 21.05% and 30.82%, respectively, and the income was increased 27 696 （33.88%） and 27 624 （33.79%） yuan/hm2, respectively.

On Application of Mathematic Idea and Method in English Grammar Teaching and Learning

English grammar is at any time the important part of English learning,even if under the implementation of the New Course Standard.However,English grammar is considered to be difficult due to its complexity.My paper here is to explore and study the application of mathematic ideas and methods in English grammar teaching and learning,helping to facilitate the students to master the regularities,accuracy and systematization of English grammar,to improve learning efficiency,to enhance the learners' logic thinking,and at the same time,pointing out the specific strategies in practical use,which can be of great significance to the students' innovation and creativity and the students' development of the ability of cross-subject study advocated by both the Quality-Education and New Curriculum Standard.

Research on the Application of Formative Evaluation in Teaching Foreign Language in Colleges and Universities

Formative evaluation is relatively more scientific and accurate as compared to traditional teaching evaluation.Formative evaluation is a method of professional evaluation of students’learning process,which is very important in the entire course of teaching.In the actual teaching process,formative evaluation can better help teachers understand the situation of students,and take effective improvement measures to address the problems existing in the process of learning.As a contribution to the teaching of foreign languages in the colleges and universities,this paper will start with an introduction of formative evaluation,and then the application of formative evaluation in teaching.

Thinking outside the liver: Induced pluripotent stem cells for hepatic applications

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) unraveled a mystery in stem cell research, after identification of four re-programming factors for generating pluripotent stem cells without the need of embryos. This breakthrough in generating iPSCs from somatic cells has overcome the ethical issues and immune rejection involved in the use of human embryonic stem cells. Hence, iPSCs form a great potential source for developing disease models, drug toxicity screening and cell-based therapies. These cells have the potential to differentiate into desired cell types, including hepatocytes, under in vitro as well as under in vivo conditions given the proper microenvironment. iPSC-derived hepatocytes could be useful as an unlimited source, which can be utilized in disease modeling, drug toxicity testing and producing autologous cell therapies that would avoid immune rejection and enable correction of gene defects prior to cell transplantation. In this review, we discuss the induction methods, role of reprogramming factors, and characterization of iPSCs, along with hepatocyte differentiation from iPSCs and potential applications. Further, we discuss the location and detection of liver stem cells and their role in liver regeneration. Although tumor formation and genetic mutations are a cause of concern, iPSCs still form a promising source for clinical applications.

The Idea and Application of Tuina in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID‑19

While traditional Chinese medicine has displayed a positive and effective role in saving lives of COVID‑19 patients,Tuina,which is an important component in Chinese medicine,has also shown its merits in enhancing the immune function and relieving symptoms in COVID‑19 patients.This article elaborates the long history of Tuina in treating and preventing epidemic diseases and its effect in improving the immune function.It also introduces some special Tuina methods,for instance,sputum drainage by the back‑patting method to enable the discharge of sputum;slant‑scrubbing method applied on the hypochondriac regions to bring the effect of soothing the liver to regulate qi,which may also relieve anxiety of patients with COVID‑19;and spine‑pinching method to enhance human resistance to diseases,which is more suitable for the elderly and for children with mild or common types of COVID‑19 and can also be used for health care and disease prevention among the general population.Tuina methods for children using the common children’s specific Tuina points and manipulations to improve children’s body constitution are also mentioned in the article.Self‑acupoint Tuina for health care,including acupoints for prevention purposes,acupoints for early clinical stage(mild stage)and recovery stage,as well as acupoints for children health care and specific operations,is also illustrated in the article.Moreover,basic exercises for health care,such as eight‑section brocade,Shaolin internal exercises,six‑character formula,and change of tendons,are also presented.In the final analysis,this article is aimed at some ideas and feasible applications of Tuina therapy in the prevention and treatment of COVID‑19,in the hope to provide some worthy experience and introduce methods in preventing and fighting against COVID‑19 to people all over the world.

Application of FPGA in Process Tomography Systems

This paper will provide some insights on the application of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in process tomography. The focus of this paper will be to investigate the performance of the technology with respect to various tomography systems and comparison to other similar technologies including the Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and the microcontroller. Fundamentally, the FPGA is primarily used in the Data Acquisition System (DAQ) due to its better performance and better trade-off as compared to competitor technologies. However, the drawback of using FPGA is that it is relatively more expensive.

The Idea and Application of Tuina in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19

While traditional Chinese medicine has displayed a positive and effective role in saving lives of COVID-19 patients,Tuina,which is an important component in Chinese medicine,has also shown its merits in enhancing the immune function and relieving symptoms in COVID-19 patients.This article elaborates the long history of Tuina in treating and preventing epidemic diseases and its effect in improving the immune function.It also introduces some special Tuina methods,lor instance,sputum drainage by the back-patting method to enable the discharge of sputum;slant-scrubbing method applied on the hypochondriac regions to bring the effect of soothing the liver to regulate qi,which may also relieve anxiety of patients with COVID-19;and spine-pinching method to enhance human resistance to diseases,which is more suitable for the elderly and for children with mild or common types of COVID-19 and can also be used for health care and disease prevention among the general population.Tuina methods for children using the common childreifs specific Tuina points and manipulations to improve children’s body constitution are also mentioned in the article.Self-acupoint Tuina for health care,including acupoints for prevention purposes,acupoints for early clinical stage(mild stage)and recovery stage,as well as acupoints for children health care and specific operations,is also illustrated in the article.Moreover,basic exercises for health care,such as eight-section brocade,Shaolin internal exercises,six-character formula,and change of tendons,are also presented.In the final analysis,this article is aimed at some ideas and feasible applications of Tuina therapy in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19,in the hope to provide some worthy experience and introduce methods in preventing and fighting against COVID-19 to people all over the world.

Research Progress of Animal-specific Antibiotics

[Objective]In order to summarize the research progress of animal-specific antibiotics. [Methods]Mechanism of action and clinical application of animal-specific antibiotics which were commonly used in clinical were simply summarized. [Results] The most common animal-specific antibiotics are cephalosporins,aminoglycoside,pleuromutilin,macrolides,quinolones and chloramphenicols. [Conclusions] The study provides a reference for clinical veterinary staff.

Thermal Therapy in Patients Suffering from Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain—A Systematic Review

Thermal therapy is frequently used as an adjunct to treatment in patients suffering from chronic low back pain. It is also an inherent part of patients’ self-administered pain treatment. This review aims to update the evidence for thermal therapy treatments in non-specific chronic low back pain patients and to rate the methodological quality of the corresponding clinical trials. Previous studies have reported contradictory evidence for the effectiveness of thermal therapy. An electronic search on MEDLINE (PubMed), PEDro, CENTRAL and CINHAL databases was conducted between May 2016 and February 2018. Clinical trials comparing local thermal therapy to conservative or no treatment were assessed for eligibility. Pain, physical function and global health were defined as outcome parameters. A total of n = 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. All of them applied an electrophysical agent as the thermal treatment: continuous ultrasound (n = 6), short-wave diathermy (n = 2), microwave diathermy (n = 1). Out of the n = 6 studies on ultrasound treatment, n = 2 reported significant within and between-group results for pain reduction after 4 to 6 weeks of treatment. Both short-wave diathermy studies demonstrated significant between-group results for pain reduction after 3 weeks of treatment. Contradictory results for all other observed outcome parameters were reported regardless of the intervention. Moreover, significant within-group results for the control groups questioned the effectiveness of the intervention treatments. Therefore, the effect of thermal therapy, (electrophysical agents), is not superior to any control treatment except for ultrasound treatment on short-term pain reduction.

党参化肥农药减施增效栽培技术规程

化肥农药减施增效可助力党参产业绿色健康发展。为更好地指导甘肃省党参种植生产中化肥和农药施用,针对党参种植生产中化肥农药过量施用、养分利用率低、防控过度依赖化学农药等问题,经过多年试验研究和生产示范,从范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、产地环境、化肥减施、种苗移栽、田间管理、主要病虫害防控、采收等方面总结提出了党参化肥农药减施增效栽培技术规程。

面向未成年人的人工智能技术发展蓝图——面向未成年人的人工智能技术规范研究(四)

随着ChatGPT等新型人工智能技术的进一步发展,未成年人成长面临着新的风险与挑战,急需构建面向未成年人的人工智能规范体系。文章从人才发展、AI向善和人机共融视角出发,构建了面向未成年人的人工智能技术规范体系模型:“技术内容规范”将基础性、时代性和价值性三个维度的知识结合在一起,旨在从核心素养的角度规范学生能接触到的人工智能技术内容;“技术工具规范”围绕可用性、适用性、安全性、价值观对AI学习工具的设计、开发和应用全过程提出规范要求,旨在从应用监管角度保障未成年人的使用体验;“技术伦理规范”基于以人为本、公平公正、安全可控原则,对人工智能技术伦理治理提出要求,旨在从安全伦理角度促进未成年人、社会、自然和人工智能的和谐共处。

The Technical Specification and Physical Performance Level of Line Pipes for West-East Gas Pipeline

The west east gas transmission engineering is an important project attracting domestic and foreign attention. The gas pipeline used in this project is a gas pipeline with the longest distance, largest pipe diameter and highest transmission pressure in the history of petroleum pipeline construction of China. For the construction of top rank gas pipeline in the world with high standard, high speed and high benefit, the key of specifying production of metallurgical and pipe making enterprises and ensuring quality performance of the steel and steel pipe is to research and formulate a feasible and satisfactory technical Specification for engineering steel and steel pipe with international level. In this paper the author introduces the establishment of the technical specification for West East gas pipeline project, and lays emphasis on the analysis and discussion of principle and method determining major technical indexes related to line pipes for West East gas pipeline. The author also introduces actual material selection of gas pipeline home and abroad, and presents examination and application of the technical specification for West-East gas pipeline.

基于性能的通航桥梁抗船撞评估方法及应用研究

为合理有效地开展通航桥梁抗船撞性能评估,提出基于性能的桥梁抗船撞标准化评估方法。基于现行《公路桥梁抗撞设计规范》(JTG/T 3360-02-2020),从抗撞性能等级确定、设防代表船型确定、船撞力计算、船撞效应计算以及抗撞性能验算等方面,采用结构性能目标作为评估准则,建立桥梁抗撞性能评估各环节流程的标准化评估方法。以江苏扬中三桥为应用实例,运用该方法进行该桥20号墩抗撞性能评估,结果表明:20号墩桩基顺桥向抗弯性能不满足JX1级要求,其余验算结果满足要求,桥墩抗撞性能综合评估结果为不满足要求。参照评估结果该桥加装了浮动式防撞设施。桥梁抗撞性能评估标准化,可准确高效实现桥梁抗撞性能等级确定、船撞效应计算、抗撞性能验算等预期的评估功能要求。

中国石油《精细油藏描述技术规范》应用实践及发展对策

精细油藏描述是油田开发最基础的工作之一,历来受到研究者的高度重视。中国石油制定的企业标准《精细油藏描述技术规范》对于精细油藏描述标准化和规范化至关重要。详细介绍技术规范制修订背景,分析目前该技术规范还存在未被全面应用、内容要求执行不彻底、不同研究内容之间缺乏成因联系、研究成果提交不规范、精细油藏描述专项评价以定性为主、与国家、行业和企业标准结合不足等问题。建议加大《精细油藏描述技术规范》宣贯力度,严格按照规范各项要求开展工作,精细油藏描述坚持地质成因机制控制,严格规范提交各种成果数据体、数据表和成果图件,创建精细油藏描述研究过程及成果定量评价体系,加强与国家、行业和企业相关标准结合使用,不断提高精细油藏描述标准化和规范化水平。