Tanzania is one of the countries in Africa that has engaged in the projects for construction of the electrified Standard Gauge Railway (SGR). However, lack of integration of transportation and land-use planning threat...Tanzania is one of the countries in Africa that has engaged in the projects for construction of the electrified Standard Gauge Railway (SGR). However, lack of integration of transportation and land-use planning threatens economic sustainability of the SGR project. This study was carried out for the purpose of finding-out how transportation can be integrated with land-use planning for economic sustainability of the project. The study was carried-out by using qualitative research approach through demonstration as case study. Findings show that construction of the SGR is not integrated with land-use planning around the stations and along the SGR corridor. It is concluded that economic sustainability of the SGR projects can be achieved by integration of transport and land-use planning. As demonstrated, it is recommended to deliberate for integration of transportation and land-use planning in the SGR projects of which the prime land within Transit Stations can be efficiently used by using Transit Oriented Development and secure more land for production activities around the Transit Stations and along the SGR corridor.展开更多
A novel one-dimensional plasma photonic crystal whose crystal orientation can change spontaneously is demonstrated using a dielectric barrier discharge with two liquid electrodes. The orientation of the plasma photoni...A novel one-dimensional plasma photonic crystal whose crystal orientation can change spontaneously is demonstrated using a dielectric barrier discharge with two liquid electrodes. The orientation of the plasma photonic crystal will vary from transverse to longitudinal or vary from longitudinal to transverse and then revert to longitudinal by self-adjustment, while the experimental conditions are kept fixed. The dispersion relation of these plasma photonic crystals are calculated, and the changes of the photonic band diagrams during the orientation transition are studied.展开更多
We use laser-scanning nonlinear imaging microscopy in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)to reveal information on the crystalline orientation distribution,within the 2D lattice.In particular,we perf...We use laser-scanning nonlinear imaging microscopy in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)to reveal information on the crystalline orientation distribution,within the 2D lattice.In particular,we perform polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation(PSHG)imaging in a stationary,raster-scanned chemical vapor deposition(CVD)-grown WS2 flake,in order to obtain with high precision a spatially resolved map of the orientation of its main crystallographic axis(armchair orientation).By fitting the experimental PSHG images of sub-micron resolution into a generalized nonlinear model,we are able to determine the armchair orientation for every pixel of the image of the 2D material,with further improved resolution.This pixel-wise mapping of the armchair orientation of 2D WS2 allows us to distinguish between different domains,reveal fine structure,and estimate the crystal orientation variability,which can be used as a unique crystal quality marker over large areas.The necessity and superiority of a polarization-resolved analysis over intensity-only measurements is experimentally demonstrated,while the advantages of PSHG over other techniques are analysed and discussed.展开更多
The coherent exciton plays an important role in the photosynthetic primary process, and its functions are deeply dependent on the orientation arrangements of local transition dipole moments （TDMs）. We theoretically ...The coherent exciton plays an important role in the photosynthetic primary process, and its functions are deeply dependent on the orientation arrangements of local transition dipole moments （TDMs）. We theoretically and systematically study the physical property of the coherent exciton at different orientation arrangements of the local TDMs in circular light-harvesting （LH） complexes. Especially, if the orientation arrangements are different, the delocalized TDMs of the coherent excitons and the energy locations of the optically active coherent excitons （OACEs） can be obviously different, and then there are more manners to capture, store and transfer light energy in and between LH complexes. Similarly, if the orientation arrangements are altered, light absorption and radiative intensities can be converted fully between the OACEs in the upper and lower coherent exciton bands, and then the blue and red shifts of the absorption and radiative bands of the pigment molecules can occur simultaneously at some orientation arrangements. If the systems are in the vicinities of the critical orientation arrangements, the weak static disorder or small thermal excitation can destroy the coherent electronic excitations, and then the coherent exciton cannot exist any more.展开更多
The study aims to analyze the attitude toward walking to the stations of residents living within 1 km of transit stations, or they are called transit-oriented development(TOD) residents. They are highly expected to wa...The study aims to analyze the attitude toward walking to the stations of residents living within 1 km of transit stations, or they are called transit-oriented development(TOD) residents. They are highly expected to walk to transit station and use rail in their daily travel. In this research, 249 respondents are asked 10 questions on attitudes of walking to station. The analysis was conducted in two stages: factor analysis and structural equation model. As the current access mode of respondents,walkers are more likely to be low-income households.People using motorized mode are mostly from middle-to high-income, households the largest group of respondents.For walking acceptance, high-income group accepts distance and time shorter than other incomes. Low-income households can accept the longer walking distance but shorter time. Middle-income households are more likely to walk in shorter distance than lower-income households,but they tend to accept longer walking time than others.As for the analysis results, the feeling of walking among all respondents significantly influences the walking acceptance. The benefit of walking significantly influences walking acceptance only among middle-income households. The walking attitudes on convenience, safety, a sense of freedom, healthiness, and environmental friendliness highly affect respondents' acceptable walking distance and time in TODs.展开更多
In this paper we develop several new refinement relations of Z for multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM). The original motivation is that we found the standard Z refinement relation is not adequate ...In this paper we develop several new refinement relations of Z for multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM). The original motivation is that we found the standard Z refinement relation is not adequate or correct when considering specifications that have temporal relationships of operations. The concept of temporal state variables is introduced into Z. Then new implementation relations are defined and new refinement relations are deduced, mainly for temporal state variables to process temporal relationships of operations. We use state transition systems to abstract the temporal state transitions. A simple example is used to show the procedures of MVORM. Finally some directions of further work are forwarded.展开更多
为了量化站域建成环境与地铁客流量的复杂关联效应,运用公共交通刷卡、手机信令、POI(point of interest)等多源大数据,采用可解释机器学习方法(融合随机森林和SHAP(Shapley additive explanations)模型),对站域建成环境变量与成都地铁...为了量化站域建成环境与地铁客流量的复杂关联效应,运用公共交通刷卡、手机信令、POI(point of interest)等多源大数据,采用可解释机器学习方法(融合随机森林和SHAP(Shapley additive explanations)模型),对站域建成环境变量与成都地铁客流量之间的非线性关系以及变量之间的协同效应进行实证研究。研究结果表明:对地铁客流量影响最大的3个建成环境变量是容积率、就业密度和道路密度。SHAP模型分析进一步揭示了站域建成环境对地铁客流量的阈值效应以及建成环境变量之间的协同效应。上述发现为以公共交通为导向的城市发展(transitoriented development,TOD)规划和实践提供了理论支持和政策启示。展开更多
文摘Tanzania is one of the countries in Africa that has engaged in the projects for construction of the electrified Standard Gauge Railway (SGR). However, lack of integration of transportation and land-use planning threatens economic sustainability of the SGR project. This study was carried out for the purpose of finding-out how transportation can be integrated with land-use planning for economic sustainability of the project. The study was carried-out by using qualitative research approach through demonstration as case study. Findings show that construction of the SGR is not integrated with land-use planning around the stations and along the SGR corridor. It is concluded that economic sustainability of the SGR projects can be achieved by integration of transport and land-use planning. As demonstrated, it is recommended to deliberate for integration of transportation and land-use planning in the SGR projects of which the prime land within Transit Stations can be efficiently used by using Transit Oriented Development and secure more land for production activities around the Transit Stations and along the SGR corridor.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grants No. A2011201010)the Research Foundation of Education Bureauof Hebei Province, China (Grant No. 2010113)
文摘A novel one-dimensional plasma photonic crystal whose crystal orientation can change spontaneously is demonstrated using a dielectric barrier discharge with two liquid electrodes. The orientation of the plasma photonic crystal will vary from transverse to longitudinal or vary from longitudinal to transverse and then revert to longitudinal by self-adjustment, while the experimental conditions are kept fixed. The dispersion relation of these plasma photonic crystals are calculated, and the changes of the photonic band diagrams during the orientation transition are studied.
文摘We use laser-scanning nonlinear imaging microscopy in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)to reveal information on the crystalline orientation distribution,within the 2D lattice.In particular,we perform polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation(PSHG)imaging in a stationary,raster-scanned chemical vapor deposition(CVD)-grown WS2 flake,in order to obtain with high precision a spatially resolved map of the orientation of its main crystallographic axis(armchair orientation).By fitting the experimental PSHG images of sub-micron resolution into a generalized nonlinear model,we are able to determine the armchair orientation for every pixel of the image of the 2D material,with further improved resolution.This pixel-wise mapping of the armchair orientation of 2D WS2 allows us to distinguish between different domains,reveal fine structure,and estimate the crystal orientation variability,which can be used as a unique crystal quality marker over large areas.The necessity and superiority of a polarization-resolved analysis over intensity-only measurements is experimentally demonstrated,while the advantages of PSHG over other techniques are analysed and discussed.
基金project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 60438020 and 60321003）, and the Knowledge innovation program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （Grant No KJCX2-SW-W14）.
文摘The coherent exciton plays an important role in the photosynthetic primary process, and its functions are deeply dependent on the orientation arrangements of local transition dipole moments （TDMs）. We theoretically and systematically study the physical property of the coherent exciton at different orientation arrangements of the local TDMs in circular light-harvesting （LH） complexes. Especially, if the orientation arrangements are different, the delocalized TDMs of the coherent excitons and the energy locations of the optically active coherent excitons （OACEs） can be obviously different, and then there are more manners to capture, store and transfer light energy in and between LH complexes. Similarly, if the orientation arrangements are altered, light absorption and radiative intensities can be converted fully between the OACEs in the upper and lower coherent exciton bands, and then the blue and red shifts of the absorption and radiative bands of the pigment molecules can occur simultaneously at some orientation arrangements. If the systems are in the vicinities of the critical orientation arrangements, the weak static disorder or small thermal excitation can destroy the coherent electronic excitations, and then the coherent exciton cannot exist any more.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, which granted a scholarship for the author’s study in the Transport and Planning Group, Saitama University
文摘The study aims to analyze the attitude toward walking to the stations of residents living within 1 km of transit stations, or they are called transit-oriented development(TOD) residents. They are highly expected to walk to transit station and use rail in their daily travel. In this research, 249 respondents are asked 10 questions on attitudes of walking to station. The analysis was conducted in two stages: factor analysis and structural equation model. As the current access mode of respondents,walkers are more likely to be low-income households.People using motorized mode are mostly from middle-to high-income, households the largest group of respondents.For walking acceptance, high-income group accepts distance and time shorter than other incomes. Low-income households can accept the longer walking distance but shorter time. Middle-income households are more likely to walk in shorter distance than lower-income households,but they tend to accept longer walking time than others.As for the analysis results, the feeling of walking among all respondents significantly influences the walking acceptance. The benefit of walking significantly influences walking acceptance only among middle-income households. The walking attitudes on convenience, safety, a sense of freedom, healthiness, and environmental friendliness highly affect respondents' acceptable walking distance and time in TODs.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (98J0 75 ) Ziqiang Technical Innovation Foundation ofWuhan Universi
文摘In this paper we develop several new refinement relations of Z for multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM). The original motivation is that we found the standard Z refinement relation is not adequate or correct when considering specifications that have temporal relationships of operations. The concept of temporal state variables is introduced into Z. Then new implementation relations are defined and new refinement relations are deduced, mainly for temporal state variables to process temporal relationships of operations. We use state transition systems to abstract the temporal state transitions. A simple example is used to show the procedures of MVORM. Finally some directions of further work are forwarded.
