Science and reflections: With some thoughts to young applied scientists and engineers

I provide some science and reflections from my experiences working in geophysics,along with connections to computational and data sciences,including recent developments in machine learning.I highlight several individuals and groups who have influenced me,both through direct collaborations as well as from ideas and insights that I have learned from.While my reflections are rooted in geophysics,they should also be relevant to other computational scientific and engineering fields.I also provide some thoughts for young,applied scientists and engineers.

Exploring Nominalization in English Abstracts of Applied Linguistics Research Articles:A Comparative Study Between Chinese and International Journals

Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of abstracts from a macro perspective and often employed either outdated texts,such as those over a decade old,or papers written by authors with lower English academic writing proficiency as research material.In this study,we analyzed forty abstracts from leading journals in applied linguistics,evenly split between Chinese and international journals.It revealed that the use of nominalization in abstracts by Chinese and international scholars showed similarities due to the universal academic requirement for conciseness.However,due to cultural and educational differences,each group differed in their respective language choices and nominalization usage.By analyzing the application of nominalization in different cultural contexts,the results of our study offered practical suggestions for crafting abstracts that effectively convey information,thereby,contributing to the broader academic community.

The Role of Impulsivity and Addiction in Gambling Behaviors: How Applied Neuroscience Research Can Help in the Monitoring and Management of Mental Health Issues

One in five Americans experience symptoms associated with at least one mental health disorder every year. These include behavioral addictions, which have long been overlooked despite their similar neural bases with substance addictions. Gambling addiction, a type of behavioral addiction, deserves particular attention given the significant negative effects, this addiction has on financial and interpersonal health. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature concerning the behavioral and neural processes involved in gambling addiction, including: the anticipation of reward, the role of dopamine, and the neural substrates of the decision-making processes involved in gambling addiction. Market research has also identified solutions that integrate applied neuroscience and self-tracking systems to monitor and manage mental health issues associated with gambling addiction. The authors then propose a gambling treatment-focused mobile app solution that addresses outstanding issues with a special design aimed at reversing plasticity in order to relieve the effects of gambling addiction. .

Construction and Practice of Education and Teaching Quality Assurance Systems in Applied Colleges and Universities under the Background of Digital Intelligence

This paper discusses the optimization strategy of education and teaching quality assurance systems in applied colleges and universities under the background of digital intelligence.It first summarizes the relevant theories of digital intelligence transformation and analyzes the impact of digital intelligence transformation on higher education.Secondly,this paper puts forward the principles of constructing the quality assurance system of applied colleges,including strengthening the quality assurance consciousness,improving teachers’digital literacy,and implementing digital intelligence governance.From the practical perspective,this paper expounds on strategies such as optimizing educational teaching resource allocation,constructing a diversified evaluation system of teaching quality,strengthening the construction and training of teaching staff,and innovating teaching management methods.Specific optimization measures are put forward,such as improving policies,regulations,and system guarantees,strengthening cooperation between schools and enterprises,integrating industry,school,and research,building an educational information platform,and improving the monitoring and feedback mechanism of educational quality.

Values and Paths of Ideological and Political Education in College English Teaching in Applied Universities

As the state promotes teaching reform with the goal of ideological and political education,the teaching of various disciplines in colleges and universities is facing new challenges and novel research topics.In applied colleges and universities,as a compulsory course of general education,the ideological and political education elements have not been deeply explored,and the function of ideological and political education that should be undertaken by English teaching has not been fully realized.This paper analyzes the value of ideological and political education in college English in applied colleges and universities and discusses the effective path of ideological and political education in college English in applied colleges and universities from the four levels of teachers,teaching materials,teaching methods,and curriculum.

A Study of English Grammar Teaching and Cultural Introduction from the Perspective of Applied Linguistics

Grammar teaching is the main content of university English teaching,and the quality of teaching will affect the effect of university talent cultivation.Based on the perspective of applied linguistics,it is crucial to use cultural introduction teaching for English grammar teaching.This paper will combine the basic concepts of applied linguistics and cultural introduction teaching,analyze the role of using the cultural introduction teaching method to innovate grammar teaching mode under the perspective of applied linguistics,and put forward a scientific English grammar teaching strategy with the goal of improving teaching quality.

A Study on the Utilization of Applied Linguistics in Contemporary English Teaching

In the context of globalization,the importance of teaching English as a common language in the world becomes increasingly apparent.Applied Linguistics belongs to one of the sub-disciplines of linguistics,which plays an important role in contemporary English teaching.The knowledge of applied linguistics can help students learn the grammar,semantics,vocabulary,writing,and other contents in English,deepen their knowledge and understanding of English,and enhance the effectiveness of English teaching.This paper mainly describes the important role played by English linguistics in English teaching and focuses on its utilization strategies in the hope of providing references on this topic.

《Progress in Applied Mechanics》在荷兰出版

由我国著名学者叶开沅教授主编的《应用力学进展》(Progress in Appliecl Mecha-nics)被列为 W.A.Nash 和 G.AE.Oravas 主编的《表面结构力学》(Mechanics of SurfaceStructures)丛书的第六卷,最近已由荷兰的 MARTNUS NIJHOFF 出版社出版。这本书是在著名科学家钱伟长教授70寿辰时,由他的部分朋友、同事和学生献给他的祝寿文集。该书系我国力学界在国外出版的第一部这方面的专著,是我国力学学术及出版界的一件大事。

A Critical,Bio-social Paradigm in Applied Linguistics:A new Flower Blooming in the Field

In this article,some new developments in the field of applied linguistics are summarized.In addition,it is illustrated that researchers’epistemology determines their methodology.And their research conclusions are also led by their epistemology.It is proposed that a critical,bio-social paradigm be taken in the field of applied linguistics.

激发教育在大学英语教学APPLIED模式中的研究与实践

激发教育理念是以素质教育为导向,在心理学理论和现代教育理论的指导下,结合当前学校教育、教学实践所进行的教育改革探索。本文着重讨论激发教育理念与大学英语教学APPLIED模式相结合的可能性、意义,以及具体的思路和方法等。

Critical behaviours and magnetic properties of three-dimensional bond and anisotropy dilution Blume-Capel model in the presence of an applied field

This paper studies the critical behaviours and magnetic properties of three-dimensional bond and anisotropy dilution Blume-Capel model （BCM） in the presence of an applied field within the effective field theory. The trajectory of tricritical point, reentrant transitions and degenerate patterns of anisotropy are obtained both for the bond and the anisotropy dilutions. The global phase diagrams demonstrate unusually reentrant phenomena. The temperature dependences of magnetization curves undergo remarkable spin glass behaviour at low temperatures, and transform from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism at high temperature in applied fields. Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility curve is in qualitative agreement with experimental result.

Dynamic strength of rock with single planar joint under various loading rates at various angles of loads applied

Intact rock-like specimens and specimens that include a single, smooth planar joint at various angles are prepared for split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB） testing. A buffer pad between the striker bar and the incident bar of an SHPB apparatus is used to absorb some of the shock energy. This can generate loading rates of 20.2-4627.3 GPa/s, enabling dynamic peak stresses/strengths and associated failure patterns of the specimens to be investigated. The effects of the loading rate and angle of load applied on the dynamic peak stresses/strengths of the specimens are examined. Relevant experimental results demonstrate that the failure pattern of each specimen can be classified as four types： Type A, integrated with or without tiny flake-off; Type B, slide failure; Type C, fracture failure; and Type D, crushing failure. The dynamic peak stresses/strengths of the specimens that have similar failure patterns increase linearly with the loading rate, yielding high correlations that are evident on semi-logarithmic plots. The slope of the failure envelope is the smallest for slide failure, followed by crushing failure, and that of fracture failure is the largest. The magnitude of the plot slope of the dynamic peak stress against the loading rate for the specimens that are still integrated after testing is between that of slide failure and crushing failure. The angle of application has a limited effect on the dynamic peak stresses/strengths of the specimens regardless of the failure pattern, but it affects the bounds of the loading rates that yield each failure pattern, and thus influences the dynamic responses of the single jointed specimen. Slide failure occurs at the lowest loading rate of any failure, but can only occur in single jointed specimen that allows sliding.Crushing failure is typically associated with the largest loading rate, and fracture failure may occur when the loading rate is between the boundaries for slide failure and crushing failure.

Establishment of the integrated applied core collection and its comparison with mini core collection in soybean(Glycine max)

The concept of core collection(CC) provides a new way of management and utilization of plant germplasm resources. In this study, an integrated applied core collection(IACC) of soybean was developed based on evaluation data for desirable agronomic and nutritional traits of available soybean germplasm resources including accessions with cold tolerance, drought tolerance, salt tolerance, soybean cyst nematode resistance, soybean mosaic virus resistance, high protein content, and high fat content. The newly formed collection encompasses accessions with high genetic diversity and desirable agronomic traits. The genetic diversity of the newly formed IACC was compared with that of the established mini core collection(MCC) of soybean with the aid of simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers and phenotypic traits. The results showed that at the molecular level, soybean IACC harbored a similar level of genetic diversity as the established MCC, and that at the phenotypic level the IACC encompasses more accessions with desirable traits than does the established MCC. The development of soybean IACC lays a foundation for breeding projects to meet different objectives in different eco-regions.

Effects of surface adsorbed oxygen, applied voltage, and temperature on UV photoresponse of ZnO nanorods

The ultraviolet（UV） photoresponses of ZnO nanorods directly grown on and between two micro Au-electrodes by using electric-field-assisted wet chemical method are measured comprehensively under different conditions, including ambient environment, applied bias voltage, gate voltage and temperature. Experimental results indicate that the photoresponses of the ZnO nanorods can be modulated by surface oxygen adsorptions, applied voltages, as well as temperatures. A model taking into account both surface adsorbed oxygen and electron-hole activities inside ZnO nanorods is proposed. The enhancement effect of the bias voltage on photoresponse is also analyzed. Experimental results shows that the UV response time（to 63%） of ZnO nanorods in air and at 59°C could be shortened from 34.8 s to 0.24 s with a bias of 4 V applied between anode and cathode.

Analysis of an Applied Core Collection of Adzuki Bean Germplasm by Using SSR Markers

Genetic diversity of 158 accessions of an applied core collection of adzuki bean （Vigna angularis） and 18 wild genotypes were assessed by using 85 microsatellite markers. With an average of 5.81 alleles per locus, 493 alleles were detected, and their distribution frequencies lower than 5% accounted for 73.02% of the total number. The distributions of alleles between the cultivated and the wild adzuki bean germplasm are different, with a higher allelic diversity in the wild germplasm than that of the cultivated ones. An obvious genetic differentiation was also observed between the wild and the cultivated adzuki beans, and SSR markers may be useful in study identification and classification of them. Among cultivated adzuki bean, the genetic similarity coefficient varied from 0.366 to 0.939. Genetic structure analysis can clearly separate the wild genotypes from the cultivated adzuki bean, and also can divide the cultivated ones into different populations, as these populations are closely agreeable with the ecological regions where they originally grow. The results of this study will be useful in arranging local breeding programs, especially in the aspect of parental combinations or identification of progenies. These SSR markers can also provide important information to explain the genetic relationship between the cultivated and wild adzuki beans, and to accelerate the wild gene resources in broadening the gene pool in breeding program.

Effect of Applied Phosphorus on the Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Soybean Cultivars on Acidic Hill Soil

In a three years experiment, conducted on acidic soil, four varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merril] were tested to see their performance under different regimes of applied Phosphorus. The highest number of pods was given by the cultivar Bragg, followed by Punjab-1, Durga and JS-89-21. A similar trend was observed in the number of filled pods. On an average, the cultivar, Punjab-1, gave the maximum harvest index, followed closely by Bragg. Both the cultivars, Durga and JS-89-21, had lower harvest index. The application of P fertilizer significantly increased the harvest index up to 60 kg·P·ha–1. The Highest yield of grains was given by the variety ‘Bragg’ (1630 kg·ha–1), followed by Punjab-1, JS-89-21 and Durga, which gave the yields of 1510, 1470 and 880 kg·ha–1, respectively. Highest N, P and K removal was found by the cultivar Bragg, followed by Punjab-1, JS-89-21 and Durga cultivars. The uptake of nutrients was significantly related to the total biomass produced by a cultivar (r = 0.8125), showing a yield predictability of 66.0%. The increase in uptake of N, P and K, respectively, with the application of 60 kg·P·ha–1 over no P was;245.3, 159.4 and 158.3% in case of Bragg, 101.5%, 73.8% and 44.6% in case of Durga, 182.2%, 70.6% and 63.8% in case of JS-89-21 and 164.7%, 80.0% and 97.4% in case of Punjab-1. A significant increase in soil available P was found in the plots where it was applied @ 60 kg·ha–1 continuously for three years.

Brief Introduction to Chinese Optics and Applied Optics Abstracts

The Chinese Optics and Applied Optics Abstracts , sponsored by the Documentation andInformation Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Optical Information Networkof the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanicsand Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is one of the series of science andtechnology indexing periodicals published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The Chinese Optics and Applied Optics Abstracts started a quarterly publication in 1985,with the name of Chinese Science and Technology Document Catalogues: Optics andApplied Optics. It changed into a bimonthly publication with the name of Chinese Opticsand Applied Optics Abstracts in 1987. In combination with the Chinese Optics Documen-

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE OF“APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS”

Editor-in-chief:Chien Wei,zang(钱伟长)Vice Editor-in-chief:Yeh Kai-yuan(叶元沅)

Applied Mineralogy Studies of Rare-Earth Ores

New attention has been given to the resources of rare earth minerals over the last years. The natural shortage of these elements in the Earth’s crust and trade restrictions recently imposed by China, motivated the Brazilian Government to encourage new projects by inserting the exploitation of rare earths in the National Mining Plan, which deals with industry strategic issues in the country, helping to reduce current importation. The incentives can be in the choice of future targets for mineral exploration and for the development of laboratory studies and pilot scale processing tests.

Effect of applied load on transition behavior of wear mechanism in Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy under oil lubrication

Tribological behavior of Cu-15Ni-8Sn(mass fraction, %) alloy against GCr15 ring under various loads was investigated on a ring-on-block tester in oil lubrication. The results showed that the wear rate increased slowly from 1.7×10^(-7) to 9.8× 10^(-7) mm^3/mm under the load lower than 300 N, and then increased dramatically to the climax of 216×10^(-7) mm^3/mm under the load over 300 N, which indicated the transition of wear mechanism with the increase of applied load. The wear mechanism mainly was plastic deformation and abrasive wear under the load less than 300 N. As the applied load was more than 300 N, the wear mechanism of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy primarily was delamination wear. Besides, the transition can also be confirmed from the different morphologies of worn surface, subsurface and wear debris. It is distinctly indicated that the appearance of flaky debris at the applied load over 300 N may be a critical point for the change of wear mechanism.