The underground water has been contaminated seriously by the leaching water of dumping area or hillock. To determine the pollution limits of underground water, author took samples in the study area, analyzed samples f...The underground water has been contaminated seriously by the leaching water of dumping area or hillock. To determine the pollution limits of underground water, author took samples in the study area, analyzed samples for water quality, assessed the water quality of each monitoring point by the grey associated analysis method, and gave out the classifications of the underground water quality of the study area. Comparing with fuzzy comprehensive appraisal method, it is demonstrated that grey associated analysis method is applied easily, because of its clear concept, simple and convenient calculation and excellently operation.展开更多
This paper presents selected results of research connected with the development of a (3D) geostatistical hydrogeochemical model of the Klodzko Drainage Basin, dedicated to the spatial and time variation in the selec...This paper presents selected results of research connected with the development of a (3D) geostatistical hydrogeochemical model of the Klodzko Drainage Basin, dedicated to the spatial and time variation in the selected quality parameters of underground water in the Klodzko water intake area (SW part of Poland) [1-6]. The research covers the period 1977-2012. Spatial analyses of the variation in different quality parameters, between others, Fe [gFe/m3], Mn [gMn/m3], ammonium ion [gNH4+/m3] contents and oxidation capacity [gO2/m3], were carried out on the basis of the chemical determinations of the quality parameters of underground water samples taken from the wells in the water intake area [2-4]. Spatial and time variation in the parameters was analyzed on the basis of archival data (period 1977-1999) for 22 (pump and siphon) wells, later data obtained (November 2011) from tests of water taken from 14 existing wells and the latest data (January 2012) acquired from 3 new piezometers, which were made in other locations in the relevant area. Thematic databases, containing original data on coordinates X, Y (latitude, longitude) and Z (terrain elevation and time-years) and on regionalized variables, i.e. the underground water quality parameters in the Klodzko water intake area determined for different analytical configurations (22 wells, 14 wells, 14 wells + 3 piezometers), were created [2]. Both archival data (acquired in the years 1977-1999) and the latest data (collected in 2011-2012) were analyzed. These data were subjected to spatial analyses [2-6] using statistical and geostatistical methods [7-12]. The evaluation of basic statistics of the investigated quality parameters, including their histograms of distributions, scatter diagrams between these parameters and also correlation coefficients r, were presented in this article. The directional semivariogram function and the ordinary (block) kriging procedure were used to build the 3D geostatistical model. The geostatistical parameters of the theoretical models of directional semivariograms of the studied water quality parameters, calculated along the time interval and the well depth (taking into account the terrain elevation), were used in the ordinary (block) kriging estimation. The obtained results of estimation, allowed to determine the levels of increased values Z* of studied underground water quality parameters [2, 4-6]. Generally, the behaviour of the underground water quality parameters has been found to vary in space and time. Thanks to the spatial analyses of the variation in the quality parameters in the Klodzko underground water intake area some regularities (trends) in the variation in water quality have been identified.展开更多
The underground water quality model with non-linear inversion problem is ill-posed, and boils down to solving the minimum of nonlinear function. Genetic algorithms are adopted in a number of individuals of groups by i...The underground water quality model with non-linear inversion problem is ill-posed, and boils down to solving the minimum of nonlinear function. Genetic algorithms are adopted in a number of individuals of groups by iterative search to find the optimal solution of the problem, the encoding strings as its operational objective, and achieving the iterative calculations by the genetic operators. It is an effective method of inverse problems of groundwater, with incomparable advantages and practical significances.展开更多
The rapid growth of the population, the technological and industrial boom has brought enormous prob-lems and degradation of the environment. There is a gradual decline in availability of fresh water to be used for irr...The rapid growth of the population, the technological and industrial boom has brought enormous prob-lems and degradation of the environment. There is a gradual decline in availability of fresh water to be used for irrigation in India. As a consequence, the use of urban waste water (UWW) for irrigating agricultural lands is on the rise particularly in peri-urban areas of developing countries. Effective collection and treatment of urban wastewater is a critical problem in a developing country like India. A case study was undertaken to assess the characteristic of the urban waste water and its management in Mysore city and its long-term effect on irrigation. The untreated and treated urban waste water was collected during 2008 and analyzed in the laboratory. The suitability of the UWW for irrigation purposes is then evaluated according to the existing water quality standards and the results were compared with Food and Agriculture organization (FAO) irrigation water quality standards. It is evident from the results, that the current situation is not promising especially regarding the Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Suspended Solids and heavy metal concentrations and also pH of the treated UWW is exceeding the FAO standards. Among the heavy metals, the concentration of Iron and chromium are exceeding the FAO standards.展开更多
Groundwater from underground rivers is one of the potential raw water sources in the karst area.Research to exploit the potential sources of water from underground rivers in karst areas is very important.Utilization o...Groundwater from underground rivers is one of the potential raw water sources in the karst area.Research to exploit the potential sources of water from underground rivers in karst areas is very important.Utilization of water resources should be based on technique,environmental and social conditions.The problems are to find the groundwater river flows,to design a well installation,to determine the feasibility,and to manage the water use.Analysis of the results of geological mapping,topography,geophysical measurements,drilling,pipeline and electrical survey,and pumping tests produce the feasibility of the water utilization.Geoelectric data indicates there is a saturated zone at a depth of about 70-90 m from the surface.Well construction is implemented by using a 83 m PVC(Polyvinyl Chloride)pipe and a 15 m screen length.The groundwater level remains stable even though it has been pumped with a maximum discharge of 5 liters/sec.Based on the elevation difference from topographic mapping results,the number of booster pumps can be calculated.Utilization of water from underground rivers can overcome the problem of water shortage in dry area.展开更多
文摘The underground water has been contaminated seriously by the leaching water of dumping area or hillock. To determine the pollution limits of underground water, author took samples in the study area, analyzed samples for water quality, assessed the water quality of each monitoring point by the grey associated analysis method, and gave out the classifications of the underground water quality of the study area. Comparing with fuzzy comprehensive appraisal method, it is demonstrated that grey associated analysis method is applied easily, because of its clear concept, simple and convenient calculation and excellently operation.
文摘This paper presents selected results of research connected with the development of a (3D) geostatistical hydrogeochemical model of the Klodzko Drainage Basin, dedicated to the spatial and time variation in the selected quality parameters of underground water in the Klodzko water intake area (SW part of Poland) [1-6]. The research covers the period 1977-2012. Spatial analyses of the variation in different quality parameters, between others, Fe [gFe/m3], Mn [gMn/m3], ammonium ion [gNH4+/m3] contents and oxidation capacity [gO2/m3], were carried out on the basis of the chemical determinations of the quality parameters of underground water samples taken from the wells in the water intake area [2-4]. Spatial and time variation in the parameters was analyzed on the basis of archival data (period 1977-1999) for 22 (pump and siphon) wells, later data obtained (November 2011) from tests of water taken from 14 existing wells and the latest data (January 2012) acquired from 3 new piezometers, which were made in other locations in the relevant area. Thematic databases, containing original data on coordinates X, Y (latitude, longitude) and Z (terrain elevation and time-years) and on regionalized variables, i.e. the underground water quality parameters in the Klodzko water intake area determined for different analytical configurations (22 wells, 14 wells, 14 wells + 3 piezometers), were created [2]. Both archival data (acquired in the years 1977-1999) and the latest data (collected in 2011-2012) were analyzed. These data were subjected to spatial analyses [2-6] using statistical and geostatistical methods [7-12]. The evaluation of basic statistics of the investigated quality parameters, including their histograms of distributions, scatter diagrams between these parameters and also correlation coefficients r, were presented in this article. The directional semivariogram function and the ordinary (block) kriging procedure were used to build the 3D geostatistical model. The geostatistical parameters of the theoretical models of directional semivariograms of the studied water quality parameters, calculated along the time interval and the well depth (taking into account the terrain elevation), were used in the ordinary (block) kriging estimation. The obtained results of estimation, allowed to determine the levels of increased values Z* of studied underground water quality parameters [2, 4-6]. Generally, the behaviour of the underground water quality parameters has been found to vary in space and time. Thanks to the spatial analyses of the variation in the quality parameters in the Klodzko underground water intake area some regularities (trends) in the variation in water quality have been identified.
文摘The underground water quality model with non-linear inversion problem is ill-posed, and boils down to solving the minimum of nonlinear function. Genetic algorithms are adopted in a number of individuals of groups by iterative search to find the optimal solution of the problem, the encoding strings as its operational objective, and achieving the iterative calculations by the genetic operators. It is an effective method of inverse problems of groundwater, with incomparable advantages and practical significances.
文摘The rapid growth of the population, the technological and industrial boom has brought enormous prob-lems and degradation of the environment. There is a gradual decline in availability of fresh water to be used for irrigation in India. As a consequence, the use of urban waste water (UWW) for irrigating agricultural lands is on the rise particularly in peri-urban areas of developing countries. Effective collection and treatment of urban wastewater is a critical problem in a developing country like India. A case study was undertaken to assess the characteristic of the urban waste water and its management in Mysore city and its long-term effect on irrigation. The untreated and treated urban waste water was collected during 2008 and analyzed in the laboratory. The suitability of the UWW for irrigation purposes is then evaluated according to the existing water quality standards and the results were compared with Food and Agriculture organization (FAO) irrigation water quality standards. It is evident from the results, that the current situation is not promising especially regarding the Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Suspended Solids and heavy metal concentrations and also pH of the treated UWW is exceeding the FAO standards. Among the heavy metals, the concentration of Iron and chromium are exceeding the FAO standards.
文摘Groundwater from underground rivers is one of the potential raw water sources in the karst area.Research to exploit the potential sources of water from underground rivers in karst areas is very important.Utilization of water resources should be based on technique,environmental and social conditions.The problems are to find the groundwater river flows,to design a well installation,to determine the feasibility,and to manage the water use.Analysis of the results of geological mapping,topography,geophysical measurements,drilling,pipeline and electrical survey,and pumping tests produce the feasibility of the water utilization.Geoelectric data indicates there is a saturated zone at a depth of about 70-90 m from the surface.Well construction is implemented by using a 83 m PVC(Polyvinyl Chloride)pipe and a 15 m screen length.The groundwater level remains stable even though it has been pumped with a maximum discharge of 5 liters/sec.Based on the elevation difference from topographic mapping results,the number of booster pumps can be calculated.Utilization of water from underground rivers can overcome the problem of water shortage in dry area.