As is known to all, vocabulary acquisition plays an essential role in English learning. However, it was supposed very difficult to many Chinese learners. For the reason that so many kinds of approaches exists in the r...As is known to all, vocabulary acquisition plays an essential role in English learning. However, it was supposed very difficult to many Chinese learners. For the reason that so many kinds of approaches exists in the real life, English learners are always do not know which one is suitable and more effective. To solve this problem, the paper will analyze two approaches (point approach and phrase approach) for you.展开更多
Rectal cancer classification is important to determine the preoperative chemoradiation therapy and to select appropriate surgical technique. We reviewed the Western and Japanese rectal cancer classification and we pro...Rectal cancer classification is important to determine the preoperative chemoradiation therapy and to select appropriate surgical technique. We reviewed the Western and Japanese rectal cancer classification and we propose our new classification based of Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). We determine the relation of the tumor to fixed parameters in MRI, which areperitoneal reflection and levator ani muscle. Then, we classify the rectal cancer into four levels based on tumor distal margin and invasion to MRI parameters. We applied all three classifications to 60 retrospectively collected patients of different rectal cancer distance and we compared our classifications to the others. Based on each level we standardize our surgical approach. For stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ, We found that level Ⅰ where tumor distal margin is located above the peritoneal reflection and all of them were received low anterior resection(LAR) without chemoradiation. Level Ⅱ where tumor distal margin is located from the peritoneal reflection and above the levator ani insertion on the rectum. 90% of them were received LAR ± chemoradiation. Level Ⅲ where tumor distal margin is located at the level of levator ani insertion or invading any part of the levator ani. 60% of them had ULAR + coloanal anastomosis ± chemoradiation. Level Ⅳ where the tumor distal margin is located below the levator ani insertion; 77% were received APR ± chemoradiation. The overall kappa for all levels between surgeons and radiologist was 0.93(95%CI: 0.87-0.99), which is indicating almost perfect agreement. We concluded that the management of rectal tumors differed among each tumor level and our new MRI based classification might facilitate the prediction of surgical and chemoradiation management with better communication among a multidisciplinary team comparing to other classifications.展开更多
The popular analytic way of English l iterature teaching characterized b y detailed studying of a particular passage and specific pra cticing of individual items neglects the overall treatment of the material more or ...The popular analytic way of English l iterature teaching characterized b y detailed studying of a particular passage and specific pra cticing of individual items neglects the overall treatment of the material more or less￡(r)This paper makes a tentative exploration of the ways of extending the studednt ’ s understanding to wider social and cultural associtions of t he whole Western world and literary w orks in general,thus sharpening the student ’ s literary sensbility and increasin g their flexbility and creativity￡(r)P romoting free interactive reading i s discussed first,including literary or non -literary materials any way t he students like,communicating what they think to other studednts and setting compulsory requirements of the amou nt of reading￡(r)Another problem under discussion is how to read a work in both literary and non -literary ways,th rough which the students could compare the literariness of what they read,form a bigger framework of understanding and become more inde￡-pendent in reading￡(r)Problems discussed are also such concerning how to ma ke full use of the collective beliefs,shared feelings and significant ideas of the society to help the students derive diverse interpretations of a work and become more creative in literary reading￡(r)展开更多
文摘As is known to all, vocabulary acquisition plays an essential role in English learning. However, it was supposed very difficult to many Chinese learners. For the reason that so many kinds of approaches exists in the real life, English learners are always do not know which one is suitable and more effective. To solve this problem, the paper will analyze two approaches (point approach and phrase approach) for you.
文摘Rectal cancer classification is important to determine the preoperative chemoradiation therapy and to select appropriate surgical technique. We reviewed the Western and Japanese rectal cancer classification and we propose our new classification based of Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). We determine the relation of the tumor to fixed parameters in MRI, which areperitoneal reflection and levator ani muscle. Then, we classify the rectal cancer into four levels based on tumor distal margin and invasion to MRI parameters. We applied all three classifications to 60 retrospectively collected patients of different rectal cancer distance and we compared our classifications to the others. Based on each level we standardize our surgical approach. For stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ, We found that level Ⅰ where tumor distal margin is located above the peritoneal reflection and all of them were received low anterior resection(LAR) without chemoradiation. Level Ⅱ where tumor distal margin is located from the peritoneal reflection and above the levator ani insertion on the rectum. 90% of them were received LAR ± chemoradiation. Level Ⅲ where tumor distal margin is located at the level of levator ani insertion or invading any part of the levator ani. 60% of them had ULAR + coloanal anastomosis ± chemoradiation. Level Ⅳ where the tumor distal margin is located below the levator ani insertion; 77% were received APR ± chemoradiation. The overall kappa for all levels between surgeons and radiologist was 0.93(95%CI: 0.87-0.99), which is indicating almost perfect agreement. We concluded that the management of rectal tumors differed among each tumor level and our new MRI based classification might facilitate the prediction of surgical and chemoradiation management with better communication among a multidisciplinary team comparing to other classifications.
文摘The popular analytic way of English l iterature teaching characterized b y detailed studying of a particular passage and specific pra cticing of individual items neglects the overall treatment of the material more or less￡(r)This paper makes a tentative exploration of the ways of extending the studednt ’ s understanding to wider social and cultural associtions of t he whole Western world and literary w orks in general,thus sharpening the student ’ s literary sensbility and increasin g their flexbility and creativity￡(r)P romoting free interactive reading i s discussed first,including literary or non -literary materials any way t he students like,communicating what they think to other studednts and setting compulsory requirements of the amou nt of reading￡(r)Another problem under discussion is how to read a work in both literary and non -literary ways,th rough which the students could compare the literariness of what they read,form a bigger framework of understanding and become more inde￡-pendent in reading￡(r)Problems discussed are also such concerning how to ma ke full use of the collective beliefs,shared feelings and significant ideas of the society to help the students derive diverse interpretations of a work and become more creative in literary reading￡(r)
