Prediction of Siltation in the Downstream Approach Channel of Tidal Locks

Silt deposition occurs in the downstream approach channel of the tidal lock as in a closed channel or excavated dock basin. It is often difficult to calculate or predict siltation because of complex flow and sediment conditions and many other affecting factors. In this paper, the characteristics of flow movement in the approach channel (including its mouth) of the tidal lock are analyzed, the basic laws of sediment movement and siltation mechanism are investigated, the conditions for three types of siltation (circumfluence siltation, density flow siltation and slow flow siltation) are discussed, and corresponding calculating formulas are proposed. A practical example shows that the difference between measured and calculated results is small, indicating that the present calculating methods could be used in design and management of practical engineering projects.

Influence of Approach Channel on Wave Propagation with Varying Incident Angles

The variation of the amplitude of waves with varying incident angles when waves propagate through a typical approach channel is discussed by a numerical calculation method, the result of which shows that the influence of the channel on wave propagation is obvious. When the wave propagation direction is in coincidence with the channel axis, the wave amplitude ratio will decrease with the increase of propagation distance. When the incident angle is 15 - 30 , there appears an area of larger wave amplitude ratio on the side slope facing the waves, but at the another side, the wave amplitude ratio is generally small, indicating that the channel has a shielding effect. When waves propagate across the channel perpendicularly, the wave amplitude ratio can be calculated with the shallow water coefficient.

Langevin approach with rescaled noise for stochastic channel dynamics in Hodgkin–Huxley neurons

The Langevin approach has been applied to model the random open and closing dynamics of ion channels. It has long been known that the gate-based Langevin approach is not sufficiently accurate to reproduce the statistics of stochastic channel dynamics in Hodgkin–Huxley neurons. Here, we introduce a modified gate-based Langevin approach with rescaled noise strength to simulate stochastic channel dynamics. The rescaled independent gate and identical gate Langevin approaches improve the statistical results for the mean membrane voltage, inter-spike interval, and spike amplitude.

Annual pattern of zooplankton communities and their environmental response in a subtropical maritime channel system in the northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Zooplankton plays an important role in aquatic food webs by fluxing of energy from primary producer to subsequent trophic levels in the food chain. The annual pattern of zooplankton communities and potential environmental drivers were studied in the Kohelia channel, Bangladesh from summer 2014 to spring 2015.Samples were collected using net at a depth of 1 m. A total of 32 species belonged to 18 orders, 27 families and 15 taxonomic groups were identified. Of these species, 22 distributed in all four seasons of which 8 were dominant and highly contributing to the total communities. Species number peaked in summer next to winter and fall in spring while maximum abundance was in summer and minimum in spring. Multivariate analyses showed that there was a clear annual pattern in the zooplankton communities. Species diversity and evenness peaked in spring but fall in autumn while the high value of species richness was found in winter. Biological-environmental best matching（BIO-ENV） analyses conformed that community pattern of zooplankton was mainly driven by transparency salinity, and temperature individually or combined with water nutrients. These results demonstrate that annual pattern of the zooplankton community shaped by channel environmental factors in subtropical channel ecosystems, thus might be used for community-based subtropical coastal water bioassessment.

抚河疏山水利枢纽船闸通航水流条件研究

为满足水运需求,解决船闸引航道口门区受河段地形和涉河建筑物影响而导致的通航条件困难等问题,保障船舶安全通行,以抚河疏山水利枢纽船闸工程为例,采用数值模拟方法,对枢纽船闸上游引航道口门区通航条件进行计算分析,针对不良流态问题提出优化方案措施,并对方案前后枢纽通航条件进行对比分析。研究表明,调整船闸平面布置等措施对改善设计阶段的枢纽船闸上引航道口门区通航条件是有效的。研究成果可为抚河疏山水利枢纽船闸工程通航及其他类似河段工程提供技术支持。

Semi-Blind Channel Estimation Algorithm for OFDM Systems

A semi-blind channel estimation algorithm based on subspace approach for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM） systems over the frequency-selective channel is proposed. A linear preeoding is applied on each block before the IFFT operation and a low-rank structure is created in the received signal. Then subspace properties can be exploited to identify the channel up to a scalar ambiguity. The residual scalar ambiguities eliminated by inserting pilots into data stream. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed semi-blind algorithm.

白河包营枢纽船闸下游口门区优化方案研究

包营枢纽下游引航道口门区流场复杂、混乱。为保障内河船舶通航安全,对枢纽下游河道整体水域进行数值模拟研究,分别对比分析扩宽河道、扩宽河道+口门区设置导流墩、扩宽河道+布置隔流堤3种优化方案前后的枢纽通航条件。结果表明,原始方案中,当流量最大时横流、纵流最大流速分别为0.95、3.60 m∕s,超出0.65、1.60 m∕s的安全限值,且延长隔流堤导致末尾处下泄主流出现较大回流、横流的不良流态。最终选定在扩宽河道的基础上设置导流墩为最佳优化方案,与其他方案相比,此方案可加强主流与口门区局部流场的动量交换,减小速度梯度以及主流与口门区夹角,显著改善口门区水流条件,保障船舶通航安全。

大偏角短引渠侧向进水泵站流场流态优化

为了改善大偏角短引渠侧向进水泵站前池、进水池内偏流、回流和漩涡等不良流态,以某大型大偏角短引渠侧向进水泵站工程为研究对象,采用物理模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方式对初步设计方案下的前池、进水池流态进行分析,提出流速偏差系数λ作为评价指标,对工程进行优化,探讨前池的结构性改造对水流的整流效果,得出“弧形隔墩+改变底坡坡度+开设消涡孔”的组合方案为推荐整流方案,有效解决了前池及进水池内原设计存在的不良流态。研究结果表明,该整流方案使各个机组进水池偏差系数分别下降了37.03%、12.99%、22.29%、22.04%,显著改善了前池,进水池流态。研究结果可为类似大偏角短引渠侧向进水泵站前池及进水池流场流态优化提供参考,也可为类似短引渠泵站工程和进水建筑物的设计提供参考。

Air Cooling of Mini-Channel Heat Sink in Electronic Devices

Heat transfer experiments were conducted to investigate the thermal performance of air cooling through mini-channel heat sink with various configurations. Two types of channels have been used, one has a rectangular cross section area of 5 × 18 mm2 and the other is triangular with dimension of 5 × 9 mm2. Four channels of each configuration have been etched on copper block of 40 mm width,30 mm height, and 200 mm length. The measurements were performed in steady state with air flow rates of 0.002 - 0.005 m3/s, heating powers of 80 - 200 W and channel base temperatures of 48°C, 51°C, 55°C and 60°C. The results showed that the heat transfer to air stream is increased with increasing both of air mass flow rate and channel base temperature. The rectangular channels have better thermal performance than trian- gular ones at the same conditions. Analytical fin approach of 1-D and 2-D model were used to predict the heat transfer rate and outlet air temperature from channels heat sink. Theoretical results have been compared with experimental data. The predicted values for outlet air temperatures using the two models agree well with a deviation less than ±10%. But for the heat transfer data, the deviation is about +30% to –60% for 1-D model, and –5% to –80% for 2-D model. The global Nusselt number of the present experimental data is empirically correlated as with accuracy of ±20% for and compared with other literature correlations.

Performance of Polar Codes for OFDM-Based UWB Channel

A multiuser Ultra Wide Band (UWB) channel suffers seriously from realistic impairments. Among this, multipath fading and interferences, such as Multiple Access Interference (MAI) and Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), that significantly degrade the system performance. In this paper, a polar coding technique, originally developed by Arikan, is suggested to enhance the BER performance of indoor UWB based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communications. Moreover, Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA) scheme has been considered for multiuser detection depending on the turbo type Chip-By-Chip (CBC) iterative detection strategy. Three different models as Symmetric Alpha Stable (SαS), Laplace model and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), have been introduced for approximating the interferences which are more realistic for UWB system. The performance of the proposed Polar-coded IDMA OFDM-based UWB system is investigated under UWB channel models proposed by IEEE 802.15.3a working group and compared with Low Density Parity Check (LDPC)-coded IDMA OFDM-based UWB system in terms of BER performance and complexity under the studied noise models. Simulation results show that the complexity of the proposed polar-coded system is much lower than LDPC-coded system with minor performance degradation. Furthermore, the proposed polar-coded system is robust against noise and interferences in UWB indoor environment and gains a significant performance improvement by about 5 dB compared with un-coded IDMA-OFDM-UWB system under the studied noise models.

急弯河段新建船闸上游引航道通航条件研究

在急弯河段已建枢纽上新建船闸工程,船闸布置受限因素众多,通航条件复杂。为分析船闸引航道通航水流条件,建立袁河石洲枢纽1:80正态物理模型,开展急弯河段船闸上游引航道通航水流条件试验,对比隔流堤不同长度口门区的流速分布,同时结合自航船模试验分析船闸口门区通航条件。结果表明,延长隔流堤对减小口门区横向流速峰值、改善流态作用明显;隔流堤延长250 m时,石洲船闸上游引航道最高通航流量可达到规范要求的20 a一遇洪水。

船闸口门区布置及其通航安全判别标准

针对应用《船闸总体设计规范》进行船闸引航道口门区及制动段布置时遇到的问题,从船舶通航安全角度阐述了船闸引航道制动段、口门、口门区和连接段的内涵。介绍了国内外现有船闸口门区通航安全判别标准并指出其存在的问题,分析引航道口门区的水流特性及船舶舵效原理,提出一种切实可行的船闸通航安全制动段水流条件判别方法,对船闸整体模型试验及船闸总体布置具有一定借鉴意义。

长洲五线船闸下引航道通航水流条件试验研究

近年随着长洲枢纽货运量持续高速增长,现有4线船闸已不能满足日益增长的货运量过闸要求,需修建五线船闸来满足货运量发展需求。采用整体水工模型试验的方法,研究长洲五线船闸下引航道口门区的通航水流条件,并提出下引航道通航条件的改善措施。结果表明,受长洲五线船闸下引航道口门区河床地形不衔接、外江下泄水流斜冲和下游弯道凸嘴顶托等问题,口门区存在较大横流和回流等不良流态,通航条件较差。通过采取调整口门区下游衔接段河底高程、削除下游弯道凸嘴、疏浚扩挖外江河道左岸边滩等措施,可有效改善五线船闸下引航道口门区通航水流条件,调顺船舶进出闸航线,使之满足船舶安全航行要求。

新水沙条件下荆南四河松西河航道治理思路

三峡建库后,长江中下游来水来沙条件改变,由长江入洞庭湖的荆南四河水文泥沙边界条件随之变化,三口分流量较建库前减少23%,分沙量减少88.8%,三口河道总体由冲淤平衡转为冲刷,其中松西河冲刷占比47%,中水位下松西河河道持续展宽,部分分汊、弯道及过渡河段冲刷较为剧烈,深泓摆动幅度较大,因滩槽不稳而碍航。针对长江-洞庭湖江湖关系变化带来的航道问题,在三峡建库后新的水沙条件及演化过程研究的基础上,对碍航特性、河床演变特性及趋势进行分析,提出松西河航道以疏浚和边滩守护为主,固滩稳槽、分段实施的治理思路,以典型的裴家场河段为例制定工程方案,并开展模型试验研究,对治理思路和方案效果进行验证。研究成果旨在为类似河湖连通长河段的航道治理提供借鉴。

船闸引航道隔流墙物理模型试验优化研究

引航道通航水流条件是航运安全的关键,为研究不同形式隔流墙整流效果,依托浯溪枢纽二线船闸工程,建立定床物理模型通过测量表面流速分布评价船闸通航水流条件,系统地对比研究全实体形式隔流墙、实体与多型透空隔流墙组合、排桩整流等方案的整流效果,并提出排桩与桩基插板隔流墙组合方案。结果表明:延长隔流墙长度可以降低横、纵向流速,有效改善引航道水流条件;合理布置浮式隔流结构可以满足引航道水流条件,整流效果优于全实体隔流墙;排桩方案的整流效果较佳;排桩与桩基插板隔流墙组合方案综合浮式隔流结构、排桩整流技术的优势,在保障整流效果的同时降低了工程造价。

基于船舶操纵仿真试验的弯曲河段复线船闸引航道方案论证和优化

临淮岗复线船闸上游折线形引航道设置警示分隔墩后,下游引航道回流严重、横向流速局部超标。针对安全航行的问题,开展船舶操纵仿真试验。结果表明:上游引航道宽度、转弯半径可满足船舶安全进出闸的需要;曲进直出的折线形引航道布置方案,上行出闸船舶为航行安全的控制工况,在停泊段双排停靠1000吨级船舶时,安全富余较小;两闸之间的警示分隔墩平面布置长度过长对出闸船舶的航行存在不利影响,其纵向布置范围不应与停泊段重叠;下游引航道不超标部分宽度可满足船舶安全航行需要。

改扩建船闸总平面布置的流程分析与应用研究

针对船闸总平面布置研究多为针对工程实例进行的方案比选、分析或优化,缺少对设计流程系统性研究的现状,结合枢纽上改扩建船闸边界条件复杂、平面布置制约因素多导致总平面方案设计及优化难度大的问题。在梳理、总结已有研究成果和规范要求的基础上,分析了总平面设计的内容、提出了总平面设计的思路、提炼了适用于改扩建船闸工程的总平面设计的关键流程,即闸址分析与设计、轴线分析与设计、引航道布置与设计。最后选取临淮岗复线船闸工程结合提出的设计流程进行总平面布置设计,在引航道布置中提出并复核了折线型引航道布置方案的可行性。

涡阳船闸改建工程下引航道通航水流条件研究

针对涡阳船闸南岸建设方案建立二维水流数学模型和物理模型,分析验证下引航道通航水流条件。结果表明:①原枢纽布置方案下游存在急弯河段,水流偏转急,口门区存在斜流,水流横向流速较大,不利于通航;②采用调整航线、切滩以及河道疏浚的优化工程措施,可有效改善下引航道的通航条件。推荐方案各工况的横向流速、纵向流速和回流流速均满足规范要求,有效改善了回流与横流现象,可为后期船闸方案设计提供参考和依据,也可为其他类似船闸改善通航水流条件提供参考借鉴。

信号交叉口右转渠化岛区域非机动车过街冲突

为科学评价信号交叉口右转渠化岛设置给非机动车过街带来的交通安全风险,实地采集了南昌市5个信号交叉口的视频,并提取了各交叉口右转渠化岛区域机非冲突数据、交叉口几何设计特征、交叉口渠化方式以及交通流特性等数据;采用改进型距离碰撞时间(time to collision,TTC)对交通冲突进行判定,共得到304起冲突事件;基于贝叶斯方法构建了考虑不同交叉口间异质性的随机效应冲突模型,对比了固定效应与随机效应负二项模型的拟合优度并分析了显著影响因素;基于随机效应模型,确定了期望机非冲突数计算公式,绘制了不同交通流情况下信号交叉口渠化岛设置标准曲线并提供了案例说明。研究表明:相比于固定效应模型,随机效应模型对机非冲突有更好的拟合效果;相比于无渠化岛交叉口,软渠化岛和硬渠化岛的设置会导致交通冲突分别增加38%和61.4%;右转机动车交通量、过街非机动车交通量和非机动车违法行驶数量每增加1%,将导致机非冲突分别增加0.85%、0.44%和0.18%;右转机动车平均速度每增加1%,将导致机非冲突减少2.5%。研究成果为定量化分析交通冲突影响要素提供了有效思路,可为右转渠化岛交通设计提供理论支撑。

多举措提升动物指定通道检查站工作效能

动物活体运输环节是动物疫病传播的重要途径,大部分重大动物疫情均与长距离运输有关。2021年修订的《动物防疫法》规定“跨省、自治区、直辖市通过道路运输动物的,应当经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府设立的指定通道入省境或者过省境。”云南是畜禽养殖大省,畜禽调运较为频繁,动物指定通道检查站(后简称检查站)是动物入省检查的第一关,能否做好动物重大疫病的防控工作,检查站工作尤为重要。云南省动物卫生监督所是对省内检查站具体实施监管的机构,近年立足本地实际,在人员、经费不足的情况下不断探索新的监管方式,在站点的规范化建设、创新信息化监管模式方面取得新的突破,有效提升检查站工作效能。