Effect of Planting in Furrow and Whole Plasticfilm Mulching on Double Ridges on Improvement of Degraded Desert Grassland

[Objective] This study aimed to provide theoretical basis and technologies for the application of planting in furrow and whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges. [Method] The conventional method was used to re-seed the bunch Gramineous forage in the degraded desert grassland in Yanchi, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Four kinds of conservation treatments, namely, ridging with black film mulching, ridging with transparent film mulching, ridging with no mulching and the flatplanting with no ridging and mulching were conducted to the forage to analyze the effects of each treatment on soil moisture and seedling growth. [Result] From July to November, the moisture contents of ridging with black film mulching, ridging with transparent film mulching, ridging with no mulching and the flatplanting were respectivery 9.88%, 9.24%, 8.75% and 8.13%, showing significant differences among the treatments; the survival rates of re-seeding forage were 96.2% , 93.4% , 45.6% and 28.3% , and the mulching treatment showed significant difference with the unmulching treatments in survival rate. The treatment with black film mulching showed great advantage that its moisture content on ridge top had the buffering effect of ＂load shifting＂, and the soil moisture content of black mulching treatment increased 21.5% than the flatplanting. Black film mulching also had the largest water supplement amount in soil below 1 m. Although mulching cost too much, its overall benefits were higher than that with no mulching. [Conclusion] This study lays the experimental basis for the application of planting in furrow and whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges in improving degraded grassland desertification.

秸秆覆盖条件下玉米需水量及作物系数的试验研究

采用FAO推荐的双作物系数法计算了秸秆覆盖条件下夏玉米的作物系数。结果表明,秸秆覆盖对含水量影响较大,0～10cm土层土壤含水量随着麦秸覆盖量的增加而增大;秸秆覆盖量对棵间蒸发量E和土壤蒸发系数Ke的影响较大,E和Ke值随覆盖量增加而减小,在玉米生长初期阶段影响最大,中期阶段影响最小;有覆盖试验区需水量比无覆盖区小,有一定的节水效果。

砂石覆盖条件下冬小麦蒸散量的单、双作物系数法估算

农田蒸散(ETc)是农业系统能量平衡和水分平衡的关键要素,砂石覆盖条件下ETc的估算对于评价砂石覆盖对农田作物的影响非常重要。为准确估算砂石覆盖条件下冬小麦ETc,在陕西杨凌建立了遮雨棚下的蒸渗仪动态观测系统。利用FAO-56的Penman-Monteith(PM)模型和单、双作物系数法对冬小麦ETc进行估算,并基于两年度不同砂石覆盖量下冬小麦实测ETc数据,对单、双作物系数法进行改进和修正,得到适用于砂石覆盖条件下单、双作物系数与砂石覆盖量的关系。结果表明:(1)冬小麦不同生长阶段的单作物系数与砂石覆盖量具有很好的线性关系,进一步结合估算的参考作物腾发量(ET0)计算,能很好地模拟两年度不同砂石覆盖量下的冬小麦ETc。(2)基于冬小麦实测ETc对双作物系数进行修正,可得到其修正系数A与砂石覆盖量之间的线性关系,进一步结合ET0可准确估算两年度不同砂石覆盖量下的冬小麦各生长阶段ETc。(3)不同砂石覆盖量下,双作物系数法比单作物系数法和PM模型估算冬小麦ETc的精度更高。总体上,单、双作物系数法在估算砂石覆盖条件下的冬小麦ETc中仍有一定的适用性,但需经实测数据进行修正。

不同覆盖方式对土壤温湿度及兰州百合鳞茎产量的影响

在山旱地条件下,对兰州百合进行了秸秆+地膜覆盖、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和不覆盖4种栽培方式处理,研究了不同覆盖方式对土壤温湿度及兰州百合鳞茎产量的影响。结果表明:在百合生长前期,土壤平均温度和含水量均是秸秆+地膜覆盖栽培>地膜覆盖栽培>秸秆覆盖栽培>不覆盖栽培。并且秸秆+地膜覆盖栽培百合茎粗,株高,叶片数多,出苗期较传统不覆盖栽培提前10d,鳞茎产量提高12.15%。