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Spousal Involvement in the Workplace of Doctors: What Is Defined as Appropriate or Inappropriate
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作者 Uchenna Onubogu Boma Oyan Martha Okorie 《Health》 2024年第3期187-203,共17页
Background: Workers spend a significant amount of time in the workspace. Involvement of a spouse in a doctor’s workplace can take different forms and come with different intentions. Objectives: The survey aimed to de... Background: Workers spend a significant amount of time in the workspace. Involvement of a spouse in a doctor’s workplace can take different forms and come with different intentions. Objectives: The survey aimed to determine the prevalence and extent of spousal involvement in physicians’ workplaces as well as the outcome of such involvement on doctor’ swell-being, productivity, and relationship with colleagues. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey on spousal involvement in the workplace of doctors was conducted among 83 responding doctors from July to August 2023. Results: Among the respondents, 60 (72.3%) had witnessed a doctor’s spouse being involved in the workplace. The most common reason for spousal involvement in the workplace was to protect the spouse from what they perceived as a threat 34 (54.0%). Spouse’s ignorance of boundaries in the workplace (OR: 6.09 (95% CI: 1.70, 21.79) P: 0.003) and exertion of control by the spouse (OR: 11.2 (95% CI: 2.26, 56.41) P: 0.002) were significantly associated with higher odds of inappropriate spousal involvement in the workplace, while expression of love for spouse with acts of kindness was significantly associated with a lowered odd of inappropriate spousal involvement (OR: 0.11 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.36) P: 0.0001). Conclusion: Spousal involvement in the workplace is relatively common. Ignorance of the boundaries of the workplace and exertion of control by the spouse were significant enablers of inappropriate spousal involvement in the workplace of doctors. The establishment of workplace policies that define the limits of spousal involvement in the doctor’s workplace can foster a healthy workspace environment, enhance doctors’ well-being, and improve patient care. 展开更多
关键词 SPOUSE Workplace Involvement HOSPITAL Healthcare Workers Conflicts APPROPRIATE
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Appropriateness of Amikacin Dose Prescription, Monitoring and Safety during Hospitalization as an Impact of Clinical Pharmacologist Intervention, in the Israeli Regional Hospital
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作者 Renata Shihmanter Olga Lazar Lidia Arcavi 《Journal of Biosciences and Medicines》 2024年第3期337-354,共18页
Background: Use of inappropriate amikacin dose is one of the most important factors in inducing toxicity, prolonged hospitalization as well as in increasing patient’s mortality. Objective: The aims of this study are ... Background: Use of inappropriate amikacin dose is one of the most important factors in inducing toxicity, prolonged hospitalization as well as in increasing patient’s mortality. Objective: The aims of this study are the analysis of amikacin dose, serum level and the examination of the effectiveness of the clinical pharmacologist (CP) therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) intervention to guarantee the safety of amikacin use. Methods: This is a one-year retrospective observational chart review study, which evaluates amikacin dose, serum drug level, development of adverse effects in patients on amikacin with or without CP TDM consultation. Results: Amikacin was prescribed for 393 complex patients, with median age 83. Amikacin group (AG) included 140 (32%) courses with CP consultation (AG1) and 292 (68%) courses without CP consultation (AG2). The distribution of most study characteristics in both groups was similar including amikacin dose (9-10 mg/kg/day), renal failure (14%) and mortality (12%). Acceptance for CP consultation was in 46% of amikacin courses and dose changes were done in 63% after CP intervention. Prolonged antibiotic course (4.6 ± 1.5 vs 3.8 ± 1.6 days, p < 0.0001) and the patient’s hemodynamic instability (15% vs 7%, p = 0.01) were more frequent in the AG1 compared to the AG2. There was a strong association between CP consultation and prolonged hospitalization (p = 0.005), while no association between it and amikacin adverse effects, renal failure or mortality. Conclusions: There was no trend to reducing amikacin toxicity, days of hospitaliza tion or mortality in patients with CP consultation. CP TDM intervention was more in the management of complicated clinical situations. However, it is necessary to optimize it. 展开更多
关键词 AMIKACIN Therapeutic Drug Monitoring APPROPRIATE Clinical Pharmacologist SAFETY Adverse Effects
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中医药适宜技术推广协同治理机制构建研究 被引量:7
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作者 朱卓辉 陈多 +1 位作者 李芬 姚东明 《中国卫生资源》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第4期431-437,共7页
目的通过构建中医药适宜技术推广协同治理机制,增强群众对中医药适宜技术的接受度,为进一步提升中医药适宜技术推广应用的力度与深度提供参考。方法梳理中医药适宜技术相关政策,运用协同治理理论,从协同驱动主体、制度保障、服务资源3... 目的通过构建中医药适宜技术推广协同治理机制,增强群众对中医药适宜技术的接受度,为进一步提升中医药适宜技术推广应用的力度与深度提供参考。方法梳理中医药适宜技术相关政策,运用协同治理理论,从协同驱动主体、制度保障、服务资源3个维度思考中医药适宜技术推广协同运转机制。结果结合协同驱动主体、制度保障、服务资源3个维度的要素,构建横向联动、纵向同质化执行的中医药适宜技术推广协同治理机制。结论基于协同驱动主体、制度保障、服务资源3个维度构建的中医药适宜技术推广协同治理机制,对于提高中医药适宜技术的普及性、满足基层群众多元化多层次健康需求具有现实意义。 展开更多
关键词 中医药适宜技术appropriate technology of traditional Chinese medicine 协同治理机制collaborative governance mechanism 基层中医药grassroots Chinese medicine 推广promotion
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我国公立医院财政拨款收入的结构变动特征分析 被引量:1
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作者 曹珈瑜 刘宝 《中国卫生资源》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第6期698-703,710,共7页
目的 分析公立医院财政拨款收入的结构变动特征。方法 基于2011—2020年将考察时间段调整为2010—2019年《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》的数据,应用结构变动度分析方法。结果 2010—2019年,全国公立医院的财政拨款收入规模呈现逐年上升的趋... 目的 分析公立医院财政拨款收入的结构变动特征。方法 基于2011—2020年将考察时间段调整为2010—2019年《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》的数据,应用结构变动度分析方法。结果 2010—2019年,全国公立医院的财政拨款收入规模呈现逐年上升的趋势。我国不同级别公立医院的财政拨款结构变动贡献率从大到小依次为三级医院(58.43%)、二级医院(39.26%)、基层医疗卫生机构(2.31%)。各类公立医院的贡献率从大到小依次为精神病医院(40.25%)、综合医院(17.13%)、传染病医院(14.64%)、中医(民族)医院(7.85%)、儿童医院(6.00%)、妇产医院/妇幼保健院(5.35%)、其他专科医院(4.90%)、职业病防治院(3.88%)。结论 需要政府落实职责,在财政拨款安排中重视各类型、各级别公立医院的合理平衡,科学规划财政投入标准及支持力度,进一步推动分级诊疗制度,保证不同类型、级别医院的平稳运行。 展开更多
关键词 公立医院public hospital 财政拨款收入financial appropriation income 结构变动structure variation 贡献率contribution rate
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Examination of the Appropriateness of Teaching Materials for Preventing Dangers during Ablution and Bathing of Infants by Mothers and Family Members
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作者 Sachi Chikazawa Ayako Sasaki 《Health》 CAS 2023年第2期186-214,共29页
Purpose: This study aimed to develop teaching materials to prevent the dangers of ablution and bathing infants, based on the dangerous experiences of mothers and family members, and examine their appropriateness. Meth... Purpose: This study aimed to develop teaching materials to prevent the dangers of ablution and bathing infants, based on the dangerous experiences of mothers and family members, and examine their appropriateness. Methods: A total of 20 midwives and public health nurses were selected as participants. Teaching materials and anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed, and the participants were asked to view the teaching materials and fill in the questionnaires. Retrieval was done by mail. The teaching materials included digital content, such as videos, sounds, and characters, which incorporated dangerous situations, preventions, and innovations in ablution and bathing procedures. The analysis was conducted by simple tabulation for each survey item. The free description was coded to preserve anonymity. This study was conducted with the approval of the Research Ethics Review Board of the authors’ affiliated university. Results: The teaching materials were found to be appropriate in terms of suitability to purpose, degree of difficulty of content, ease of viewing the videos, validity of time, appropriateness of expression, and usability. Conclusions: Ablution teaching materials that are used at the present time do not focus on dangers, and to date, no resources on bathing have been used as teaching materials. The created teaching materials in this study can be viewed multiple times, and mothers and family members who are unfamiliar with ablution and bathing can acquire knowledge regarding dangers and danger prevention. The addition of specific preventive measures and countermeasures for the occurrence of danger, along with practice, would result in the development of further appropriate teaching materials to reduce danger and alleviate anxiety. 展开更多
关键词 Ablution BATHING DANGER Teaching Material APPROPRIATENESS
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Transforming Molecules into Medicines: Role of CDMOS in Phase-Appropriate Technology Transfers in Advancing Pharmaceutical Innovation
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作者 Kishore Kumar Hotha 《Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science》 2023年第3期203-223,共21页
CDMOs are emerging as critical drivers of innovation within the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. As the pharmaceutical industry continues to evolve, we can expect to see CDMOs play an increasingly important role... CDMOs are emerging as critical drivers of innovation within the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. As the pharmaceutical industry continues to evolve, we can expect to see CDMOs play an increasingly important role in drug development and manufacturing. Many companies within these sectors are now leveraging the expertise of CDMOs through technology transfers to foster innovation and enhance the development of new drug products. In the extensive field of drug development, technology transfer plays a crucial role at multiple stages, ranging from preclinical phases to commercialization. By working closely with drug developers, CDMOs can ensure that technologies are transferred seamlessly between phases of drug development, allowing for a more efficient and cost-effective development process. CDMOs also bring a wealth of experience in various areas of drug development, including process development, analytical testing, quality control, and manufacturing. This expertise, combined with a focus on innovation, can help drug developers to overcome technical challenges and optimize their drug development programs. CDMOs can provide drug developers with various manufacturing capabilities, from small-scale clinical trials to large-scale commercial production. This flexibility allows drug developers to focus on their core competencies while relying on CDMOs to provide the necessary infrastructure and support for drug manufacturing. The critical role of CDMOs in advancing pharmaceutical innovation in phase-appropriate technology transfer where there will be a lot of effort and patience with strong technical expertise is required. This article explores the various types of Technology transfer from preclinical to commercial stages and successful strategies to foster innovation. 展开更多
关键词 Technology Transfer CDMO INNOVATION PRECLINICAL GMP Phase Appropriate Method Development Phase-1 Commercial Manufacturing Continuous Improvement Lifecycle Management
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Appropriate Garden Design of Primitive Ecology Based on the Indigenization of Environmental Ethics 被引量:1
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作者 章晓岗 王长富 《Journal of Landscape Research》 2010年第2期29-32,95,共5页
The accelerating urbanization process leads to aggravated environmental problems, thus garden design which is a creative activity connecting human and nature has attracted much attention, and also garden designers hav... The accelerating urbanization process leads to aggravated environmental problems, thus garden design which is a creative activity connecting human and nature has attracted much attention, and also garden designers have had to rethink about environmental ethics and morals. This study, from the perspective of environmental ethics, duly proposed the brand-new concept of 'appropriate garden of primitive ecology', proceeded from the orientation, form, value, theoretical basis, realistic significance, culture and consumption psychology of 'garden of primitive ecology', fully developed outstanding ecological wisdoms and morals in traditional Chinese garden culture, boosted garden designs to the environmental ethics level of eco-justice, to seek for the approach to 'garden of primitive ecology' with indigenous Chinese environmental ethic characteristics. 展开更多
关键词 Environmental ethics Garden of primitive ecology Appropriate design INDIGENIZATION Eco-justice
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Expression of Humanity in Highway Landscape Design
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作者 蔡军 芶学强 潘远智 《Journal of Landscape Research》 2011年第1期7-10,共4页
Creation of human landscape is the important component of highway landscape design,which has incomparable advantage in the aspects of transmitting cultural atmosphere and expressing regional features.It can not only b... Creation of human landscape is the important component of highway landscape design,which has incomparable advantage in the aspects of transmitting cultural atmosphere and expressing regional features.It can not only beautify highway environment,but also serve for traffic function.It is another effective approach to ensure traffic safety.The paper has analyzed existing problems and insufficiencies of modern highway human construction,and discussed the means and methods of expression of historical humanized landscape in highway landscape design.The paper has considered that during design of highway human landscape,it should fully explore historical and humanized background along the highway,extract cultural spirit,enrich cultural connotation,and oppose coarse and fictitious design on the basis of respecting culture and history. 展开更多
关键词 HIGHWAY Human LANDSCAPE Space DIVISION APPROPRIATE POSITIONING Extraction and improvement
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Effect of conceptual fluency on English oral communication
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作者 夏丽云 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2007年第5期15-20,共6页
Recent research has found that L2 learners of high grammatical proficiency will not necessarily show concomitant pragmatic skills. On the basis of Danesi's Conceptual Fluency theory and actual learners' oral abiliti... Recent research has found that L2 learners of high grammatical proficiency will not necessarily show concomitant pragmatic skills. On the basis of Danesi's Conceptual Fluency theory and actual learners' oral abilities, this research conducted two types of tests: a discourse-completion test and a dialogue-interpretation test. The research has found that L2 learners are often influenced by L1 conceptual system, and speeches are not necessarily appropriate and native-like. 展开更多
关键词 conceptual fluency oral communication APPROPRIATE native-like
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The Experimental Research on the Classroom Teaching Mode of Appropriate Combination of Traditional Methods with the Multimedia Overhead Projector
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作者 于秀莲 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2006年第8期1-6,共6页
Based on the constructivism, using the College English(new edition) CD-ROMs for classroom teaching as main media, this paper explores the feasibility of the classroom teaching mode of appropriate combination of trad... Based on the constructivism, using the College English(new edition) CD-ROMs for classroom teaching as main media, this paper explores the feasibility of the classroom teaching mode of appropriate combination of traditional methods with the multimedia overhead projector. The new teaching mode proves to be successful in that it has greatly improved the students' ability to use English in an all-round way and has obvious advantages over the only traditional method. 展开更多
关键词 traditional method multimedia overhead projector appropriate combination
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Chinese-English Translation of Advertisements
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作者 李珍凤 李爱琴 《海外英语》 2013年第8X期139-140,161,共3页
This paper is on the Chinese-English advertisement translation. It gives people an orderly discussion with examples in three parts:the problems in current advertisement translation, the causes of these problems, essen... This paper is on the Chinese-English advertisement translation. It gives people an orderly discussion with examples in three parts:the problems in current advertisement translation, the causes of these problems, essential steps of making the Chinese-English translation of advertisement onto an appropriate way. This paper also suggests the principles of Chinese-English advertisement translation:natural, precise and understandable. 展开更多
关键词 Chinese-English ADVERTISEMENT TRANSLATION appropri
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The Effect of Self-confidence in SLA
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作者 李艳 《英语广场(学术研究)》 2012年第11期22-25,共4页
Krashen's affective filter theory drew researchers' attention to the fresh field of internal factors of learners.But researchers seem to pay too much attention to the other factors while tending to neglect a f... Krashen's affective filter theory drew researchers' attention to the fresh field of internal factors of learners.But researchers seem to pay too much attention to the other factors while tending to neglect a factor that we cannot afford to play down in language learning research-self-confidence.This paper is designed to discuss the close relationship between self-confidence and some of the other important affective factors,and furthermore raise appropriate concern over self-confidence. 展开更多
关键词 affective factor SELF-CONFIDENCE appropriate concern
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我国慢性病防治人员素质分析 被引量:4
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作者 王鑫 施培武 +16 位作者 沈群红 张朝阳 陈政 蒲川 徐凌忠 胡志 马安宁 龚朝晖 徐天强 王磐石 汪华 郝超 李力 周庆誉 郝模 高翔 李程跃 《中国卫生资源》 北大核心 2021年第3期293-297,共5页
目的分析我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)慢性病防治人员素质及变化趋势,探讨我国慢性病防治人员素质的区域差异、变化原因及提升建议。方法收集1995—2017年所有涉及我国各省(自治区、直辖市)慢性病防治人力资源的文献,摘录慢性病防治人员... 目的分析我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)慢性病防治人员素质及变化趋势,探讨我国慢性病防治人员素质的区域差异、变化原因及提升建议。方法收集1995—2017年所有涉及我国各省(自治区、直辖市)慢性病防治人力资源的文献,摘录慢性病防治人员素质的相关表述,综合计算慢性病防治人员素质适宜程度,描述2000—2017年我国各省(自治区、直辖市)慢性病防治人员素质的现状及变化趋势。结果从全国来看,2017年我国慢性病防治人员素质适宜程度的平均水平为40.3%,与适宜标准(85.0%)相差52.6%。从各省(自治区、直辖市)来看,东部地区慢性病防治人员的素质较高(适宜程度为42.3%),中西部地区慢性病防治人员素质的适宜程度在36.0%左右。2000—2017年我国各省(自治区、直辖市)慢性病防治人员素质大幅提升,适宜程度的平均水平提升了417.6%。结论我国慢性病防治人员素质存在区域差异。2000年以来防治人员素质稳步提升,但距适宜标准仍有较大差距。建设高素质慢性病防治人才队伍任重道远。 展开更多
关键词 慢性病防治人员chronic disease prevention and control personnel 素质quality 适宜程度appropriateness 地区差异regional difference
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Ways to Develop College Students' Awareness of Appropriateness in Oral Communication
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作者 李晓莉 《海外英语》 2014年第6X期45-46,共2页
Appropriateness is very important in oral communication.By analyzing the problems in oral communication,this article puts forward some efficient ways to raise college students’awareness of appropriateness in oral com... Appropriateness is very important in oral communication.By analyzing the problems in oral communication,this article puts forward some efficient ways to raise college students’awareness of appropriateness in oral communication. 展开更多
关键词 ORAL COMMUNICATION AWARENESS of APPROPRIATENESS wa
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Appropriate Listening Materials in Business English Teaching
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作者 李丹 《海外英语》 2015年第8期23-25,共3页
Business English is a branch of ESP(English for specific Purpose),which determines its vocational and professional orient and its focus on learning for reality,work and professions,so applying real and authentic conte... Business English is a branch of ESP(English for specific Purpose),which determines its vocational and professional orient and its focus on learning for reality,work and professions,so applying real and authentic content in Business English teaching is suggested to be helpful both in theory and in practice.However,compared with other L2 skills teaching,to some points,listening input turns out to be problematic and uncertain in terms of utilization and selection of authentic listening materials currently.This article tries to present the problems and analyze to what extent these problems can be tackled by suggesting some appropriate listening materials. 展开更多
关键词 BUSINESS ENGLISH authentic LISTENING MATERIALS APPROPRIATE LISTENING TEACHING
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Damage control orthopaedics: State of the art 被引量:19
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作者 Enrique Guerado Maria Luisa Bertrand +2 位作者 Juan Ramon Cano Ana María Cerván Adolfo Galán 《World Journal of Orthopedics》 2019年第1期1-13,共13页
Damage control orthopaedics(DCO) originally consisted of the provisional immobilisation of long bone-mainly femur-fractures in order to achieve the advantages of early treatment and to minimise the risk of complicatio... Damage control orthopaedics(DCO) originally consisted of the provisional immobilisation of long bone-mainly femur-fractures in order to achieve the advantages of early treatment and to minimise the risk of complications, such as major pain, fat embolism, clotting, pathological inflammatory response, severe haemorrhage triggering the lethal triad, and the traumatic effects of major surgery on a patient who is already traumatised(the "second hit" effect). In recent years, new locations have been added to the DCO concept, such as injuries to the pelvis, spine and upper limbs. Nonetheless, this concept has not yet been validated in well-designed prospective studies, and much controversy remains.Indeed, some researchers believe the indiscriminate application of DCO might be harmful and produce substantial and unnecessary expense. In this respect, too,normalised parameters associated with the acid-base system have been proposed,under a concept termed early appropriate care, in the view that this would enable patients to receive major surgical procedures in an approach offering the advantages of early total care together with the apparent safety of DCO. This paper discusses the diagnosis and treatment of severely traumatised patients managed in accordance with DCO and highlights the possible drawbacks of this treatment principle. 展开更多
关键词 Damage control ORTHOPAEDICS EARLY total CARE EARLY appropriate CARE POLYTRAUMA RESUSCITATION External fixation Packing EMBOLISATION Compartment syndrome
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Maize response to elevated plant density combined with lowered N-fertilizer rate is genotype-dependent 被引量:7
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作者 Ahmed Medhat M.Al-Naggar Reda A.Shabana +1 位作者 Mohamed M.M.Atta Tarek H.Al-Khalil 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第2期96-109,共14页
Increasing plant density and improving N fertilizer rate along with the use of high density-tolerant genotypes would lead to maximizing maize(Zea mays L.) grain productivity per unit land area. The objective of this i... Increasing plant density and improving N fertilizer rate along with the use of high density-tolerant genotypes would lead to maximizing maize(Zea mays L.) grain productivity per unit land area. The objective of this investigation was to match the functions of optimum plant density and adequate nitrogen fertilizer application to produce the highest possible yields per unit area with the greatest maize genotype efficiency. Six maize inbred lines differing in tolerance to low N and high density(D) [three tolerant(T); L-17, L-18, L-53,and three sensitive(S); L-29, L-54, L-55] were chosen for diallel crosses. Parents and crosses were evaluated in the 2012 and 2013 seasons under three plant densities: low(47,600),medium(71,400), and high(95,200) plants ha-1and three N fertilization rates: low(no N addition), medium(285 kg N ha-1) and high(570 kg N ha-1). The T × T crosses were superior to the S × S and T × S crosses under the low N–high D environment in most studied traits across seasons. The relationships between the nine environments and grain yield per hectare(GYPH) showed near-linear regression functions for inbreds L54, L29, and L55 and hybrids L18 × L53 and L18 × L55 with the highest GYPH at a density of47,600 plants ha-1and N rate of 570 kg N ha-1and a curvilinear relationship for inbreds L17, L18, and L53 and the rest of the hybrids with the highest GYPH at a density of95,200 plants ha-1combined with an N rate of 570 kg N ha-1. Cross L17 × L54 gave the highest grain yield in this study under both high N–high-D(19.9 t ha-1) and medium N–high-D environments(17.6 t ha-1). 展开更多
关键词 Quadratic regression APPROPRIATE N rate HIGH-DENSITY TOLERANT MAIZE Unit area productivity
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A study on service capacity of primary medical and health institutions for cervical cancer screening in urban and rural areas in China 被引量:6
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作者 Yang Li Li Ma +5 位作者 Chunxia Yang Zhangya Chen Yuqian Zhao Le Dang Jinghe Lang Youlin Qiao 《Chinese Journal of Cancer Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第5期838-848,共11页
Objective: To provide a decision-making basis for sustainable and effective development of cervical cancer screening.Methods: This cross-sectional study assesses the service capacity to conduct cervical cancer screeni... Objective: To provide a decision-making basis for sustainable and effective development of cervical cancer screening.Methods: This cross-sectional study assesses the service capacity to conduct cervical cancer screening with a sample of 310 medical staff, medical institutions and affiliated township health centers from 20 countylevel/district-level areas in 14 Chinese provinces in 2016.Results: The county-level/district-level institutions were the main prescreening institutions for cervical cancer screening. More medical staff have become engaged in screening, with a significantly higher amounts in urban than in rural areas(P<0.05). The number of human papillomavirus(HPV) testers grew the fastest(by 225% in urban and 125% in rural areas) over the course of the project. HPV testing took less time than cytology to complete the same number of screening tasks in both urban and rural areas. The proportion of mid-level professionals was the highest among the medical staff, 40.0% in urban and 44.7% in rural areas(P=0.406), and most medical staff had a Bachelor’s degree, accounting for 76.3% in urban and 52.0% in rural areas(P<0.001). In urban areas, 75.0% were qualified medical staff, compared with 68.0% in rural areas, among which the lowest proportion was observed for rural cytology inspectors(22.7%). The medical equipment for cervical pathology diagnosis in urban areas was better(P<0.001). HPV testing equipment was relatively adequate(typing test equipment was 70% in urban areas, and non-typing testing equipment was 70% in rural areas).Conclusions: The service capacity of cervical cancer screening is insufficient for the health needs of the Chinese population. HPV testing might be an optimal choice to fill the needs of cervical cancer screening given current Chinese medical health service capacity. 展开更多
关键词 China CERVICAL cancer SCREENING health service capacity APPROPRIATE technology CYTOLOGY TESTING HPV TESTING
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Appropriate Strategies for Rural Houses In Northwest China 被引量:5
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作者 HE Quan,LIU Jia-ping,LU Xiao-hui,YANG Liu(School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710055,China) 《湖南大学学报(自然科学版)》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2009年第S1期167-171,共5页
To avoid the old road of urban development with high consumption and high pollution,this paper took the houses in a village near Yinchuan(a typical city of Northwest China)as an exemplary project to explore the approp... To avoid the old road of urban development with high consumption and high pollution,this paper took the houses in a village near Yinchuan(a typical city of Northwest China)as an exemplary project to explore the appropriate strategies in the arid cold climate for the sustainable development in rural undeveloped areas Northwest China.Firstly,all houses were designed according to the principles of passive solar heating.Secondly,optimized biomass energy technologies such as biogas pit and straw gasification stove were utilized for cooking or heating.Last but not the least important,the ecological building materials such as earth,straw bale,fly ash were used to construct houses,which improves the indoor thermal comfort and meanwhile lowers the negative impact on the environment.Low costs,easy accessibility and habitants' inclination were taken into account in the process of design. 展开更多
关键词 APPROPRIATE STRATEGIES arid-cold CLIMATE passive solar heating optimized biomass energy ECOLOGICAL building materials
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Appropriate empirical antibiotic use and 30-d mortality in cirrhotic patients with bacteremia 被引量:4
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作者 Hyun Park Ki Jun Jang +7 位作者 Won Jang Sang Hoon Park Ji Young Park Tae Joo Jeon Tae Hoon Oh Won Chang Shin Won-Choong Choi Dong Hyun Sinn 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2015年第12期3587-3592,共6页
AIM: To analyze whether prompt and appropriate empirical antibiotic(AEA) use is associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients with bacteremia. METHODS: A total of 102 episodes of bacteremia in 72 patients with cirrh... AIM: To analyze whether prompt and appropriate empirical antibiotic(AEA) use is associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients with bacteremia. METHODS: A total of 102 episodes of bacteremia in 72 patients with cirrhosis were analyzed. AEA was defined as a using or starting an antibiotic appropriate to the isolated pathogen at the time of bacteremia. The primary endpoint was 30-d mortality. RESULTS: The mortality rate at 30 d was 30.4%(31/102 episodes). Use of AEA was associated with better survival at 30 d(76.5% vs 46.9%, P = 0.05), and inappropriate empirical antibiotic(IEA) use was an independent factor associated with increased mortality(OR = 3.24; 95%CI: 1.50-7.00; P = 0.003, adjusted for age, sex, ChildPugh Class, gastrointestinal bleeding, presence of septic shock). IEA use was more frequent when the isolated pathogen was a multiresistant pathogen, and when infection was healthcare-related or hospital-acquired. CONCLUSION: AEA use was associated with increased survival of cirrhotic patients who developed bacteremia. Strategies for AEA use, tailored according to the local epidemiological patterns, are needed to improve survival of cirrhotic patients with bacteremia. 展开更多
关键词 LIVER CIRRHOSIS BACTEREMIA APPROPRIATE ANTIBIOTICS
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