The place of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen:the paradox between patrimonialisation and appropriation

The Great Mosque of Tlemcen is a unique case,as it is one of the few mosques dating back to the Almoravid period that is almost intact.It has evolved in a constantly changing space and now has a conjoined public square,following an occidental configuration,which is quite rare.The size of this square suggests that it could be put to use as an additional vector for the valorisation of the mosque,but the current situation is different.This added space,introduced by occidental culture,creates a dual architectural language with several other buildings that mark all the layers of evolution in the urban fabric.Apart from its religious function,this mosque used to play the role of a covered public square,a role that has eroded over time.The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship between the building and its surroundings,as well as the population’s perception of this relationship.Additionally,the research is intended to highlight changes in the perception of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen’s public square over time,depending on historical,political,and social contexts.This research relies on an approach that combines different methods,including a thorough analysis of historical,cartographic,and legislative documents.Through this approach,we were able to conduct a comparative analysis with other similar cases.Finally,field research allowed us to understand the relationship between space and society.Despite the legal recognition of the surroundings as a historical monument,this status is not widely perceived and integrated into the population’s sense of heritage space.This is reflected in private and even public actions,despite the instrumentalisation of this heritage status,with appropriations of protected space that occur outside of regulations and become part of the landscape expression of the building in its environment.

From appropriation to formal intervention:An analytical framework for understanding the appropriation process in residual spaces of Cairo

The paper addresses the issue of how residual spaces are intervened upon through formal and informal processes.It argues that a profound understanding for the dynamics of informal interventions,denoted by appropriation,could enhance the performance of their formal peers.Adopting a qualitative approach,the paper departs from Lefebvre's unitary theory of space and arrives at an analytical framework that helps to understand the appropriation processes in residual spaces.It,then,attempts to empirically challenge the applicability of this framework through analyzing a Cairene residual space that has undergone two cycles of intervention:a formal and informal one.

Spousal Involvement in the Workplace of Doctors: What Is Defined as Appropriate or Inappropriate

Background: Workers spend a significant amount of time in the workspace. Involvement of a spouse in a doctor’s workplace can take different forms and come with different intentions. Objectives: The survey aimed to determine the prevalence and extent of spousal involvement in physicians’ workplaces as well as the outcome of such involvement on doctor’ swell-being, productivity, and relationship with colleagues. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey on spousal involvement in the workplace of doctors was conducted among 83 responding doctors from July to August 2023. Results: Among the respondents, 60 (72.3%) had witnessed a doctor’s spouse being involved in the workplace. The most common reason for spousal involvement in the workplace was to protect the spouse from what they perceived as a threat 34 (54.0%). Spouse’s ignorance of boundaries in the workplace (OR: 6.09 (95% CI: 1.70, 21.79) P: 0.003) and exertion of control by the spouse (OR: 11.2 (95% CI: 2.26, 56.41) P: 0.002) were significantly associated with higher odds of inappropriate spousal involvement in the workplace, while expression of love for spouse with acts of kindness was significantly associated with a lowered odd of inappropriate spousal involvement (OR: 0.11 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.36) P: 0.0001). Conclusion: Spousal involvement in the workplace is relatively common. Ignorance of the boundaries of the workplace and exertion of control by the spouse were significant enablers of inappropriate spousal involvement in the workplace of doctors. The establishment of workplace policies that define the limits of spousal involvement in the doctor’s workplace can foster a healthy workspace environment, enhance doctors’ well-being, and improve patient care.

Appropriateness of Amikacin Dose Prescription, Monitoring and Safety during Hospitalization as an Impact of Clinical Pharmacologist Intervention, in the Israeli Regional Hospital

Background: Use of inappropriate amikacin dose is one of the most important factors in inducing toxicity, prolonged hospitalization as well as in increasing patient’s mortality. Objective: The aims of this study are the analysis of amikacin dose, serum level and the examination of the effectiveness of the clinical pharmacologist (CP) therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) intervention to guarantee the safety of amikacin use. Methods: This is a one-year retrospective observational chart review study, which evaluates amikacin dose, serum drug level, development of adverse effects in patients on amikacin with or without CP TDM consultation. Results: Amikacin was prescribed for 393 complex patients, with median age 83. Amikacin group (AG) included 140 (32%) courses with CP consultation (AG1) and 292 (68%) courses without CP consultation (AG2). The distribution of most study characteristics in both groups was similar including amikacin dose (9-10 mg/kg/day), renal failure (14%) and mortality (12%). Acceptance for CP consultation was in 46% of amikacin courses and dose changes were done in 63% after CP intervention. Prolonged antibiotic course (4.6 ± 1.5 vs 3.8 ± 1.6 days, p < 0.0001) and the patient’s hemodynamic instability (15% vs 7%, p = 0.01) were more frequent in the AG1 compared to the AG2. There was a strong association between CP consultation and prolonged hospitalization (p = 0.005), while no association between it and amikacin adverse effects, renal failure or mortality. Conclusions: There was no trend to reducing amikacin toxicity, days of hospitaliza tion or mortality in patients with CP consultation. CP TDM intervention was more in the management of complicated clinical situations. However, it is necessary to optimize it.

Appropriation of Innovation and Patent Behaviors of Technological Firms in the Yangtze Delta Area

In the transition from ＂made in China＂ to ＂invented in China,＂ what is the motivation of Chinese firms in applying for patents？ Why do some firms bypass patents？ How is patenting developing within Chinese firms？ This paper attempts to answer these questions using data of Chinese firms in the Yangtze River Delta region. Results indicate that, for product innovation, obtaining the lead time for market entry is of top priority in innovation protection, followed by confidentiality and patent protection. As for process innovation, confidentiality ranks first, followed by patent protection and obtaining the lead time. There is a significant and positive relationship between prior experience of patent licensing and possibility of future patent licensing. Firms with painful patent litigation experience tend to avoid it in the future. It is also found that there are great differences in patent behaviors between Chinese enterprises and their foreign counterparts.

我国公立医院财政拨款收入的结构变动特征分析

目的 分析公立医院财政拨款收入的结构变动特征。方法 基于2011—2020年将考察时间段调整为2010—2019年《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》的数据,应用结构变动度分析方法。结果 2010—2019年,全国公立医院的财政拨款收入规模呈现逐年上升的趋势。我国不同级别公立医院的财政拨款结构变动贡献率从大到小依次为三级医院(58.43%)、二级医院(39.26%)、基层医疗卫生机构(2.31%)。各类公立医院的贡献率从大到小依次为精神病医院(40.25%)、综合医院(17.13%)、传染病医院(14.64%)、中医(民族)医院(7.85%)、儿童医院(6.00%)、妇产医院/妇幼保健院(5.35%)、其他专科医院(4.90%)、职业病防治院(3.88%)。结论 需要政府落实职责,在财政拨款安排中重视各类型、各级别公立医院的合理平衡,科学规划财政投入标准及支持力度,进一步推动分级诊疗制度,保证不同类型、级别医院的平稳运行。

中医药适宜技术推广协同治理机制构建研究

目的通过构建中医药适宜技术推广协同治理机制,增强群众对中医药适宜技术的接受度,为进一步提升中医药适宜技术推广应用的力度与深度提供参考。方法梳理中医药适宜技术相关政策,运用协同治理理论,从协同驱动主体、制度保障、服务资源3个维度思考中医药适宜技术推广协同运转机制。结果结合协同驱动主体、制度保障、服务资源3个维度的要素,构建横向联动、纵向同质化执行的中医药适宜技术推广协同治理机制。结论基于协同驱动主体、制度保障、服务资源3个维度构建的中医药适宜技术推广协同治理机制,对于提高中医药适宜技术的普及性、满足基层群众多元化多层次健康需求具有现实意义。

Examination of the Appropriateness of Teaching Materials for Preventing Dangers during Ablution and Bathing of Infants by Mothers and Family Members

Purpose: This study aimed to develop teaching materials to prevent the dangers of ablution and bathing infants, based on the dangerous experiences of mothers and family members, and examine their appropriateness. Methods: A total of 20 midwives and public health nurses were selected as participants. Teaching materials and anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed, and the participants were asked to view the teaching materials and fill in the questionnaires. Retrieval was done by mail. The teaching materials included digital content, such as videos, sounds, and characters, which incorporated dangerous situations, preventions, and innovations in ablution and bathing procedures. The analysis was conducted by simple tabulation for each survey item. The free description was coded to preserve anonymity. This study was conducted with the approval of the Research Ethics Review Board of the authors’ affiliated university. Results: The teaching materials were found to be appropriate in terms of suitability to purpose, degree of difficulty of content, ease of viewing the videos, validity of time, appropriateness of expression, and usability. Conclusions: Ablution teaching materials that are used at the present time do not focus on dangers, and to date, no resources on bathing have been used as teaching materials. The created teaching materials in this study can be viewed multiple times, and mothers and family members who are unfamiliar with ablution and bathing can acquire knowledge regarding dangers and danger prevention. The addition of specific preventive measures and countermeasures for the occurrence of danger, along with practice, would result in the development of further appropriate teaching materials to reduce danger and alleviate anxiety.

Transforming Molecules into Medicines: Role of CDMOS in Phase-Appropriate Technology Transfers in Advancing Pharmaceutical Innovation

CDMOs are emerging as critical drivers of innovation within the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. As the pharmaceutical industry continues to evolve, we can expect to see CDMOs play an increasingly important role in drug development and manufacturing. Many companies within these sectors are now leveraging the expertise of CDMOs through technology transfers to foster innovation and enhance the development of new drug products. In the extensive field of drug development, technology transfer plays a crucial role at multiple stages, ranging from preclinical phases to commercialization. By working closely with drug developers, CDMOs can ensure that technologies are transferred seamlessly between phases of drug development, allowing for a more efficient and cost-effective development process. CDMOs also bring a wealth of experience in various areas of drug development, including process development, analytical testing, quality control, and manufacturing. This expertise, combined with a focus on innovation, can help drug developers to overcome technical challenges and optimize their drug development programs. CDMOs can provide drug developers with various manufacturing capabilities, from small-scale clinical trials to large-scale commercial production. This flexibility allows drug developers to focus on their core competencies while relying on CDMOs to provide the necessary infrastructure and support for drug manufacturing. The critical role of CDMOs in advancing pharmaceutical innovation in phase-appropriate technology transfer where there will be a lot of effort and patience with strong technical expertise is required. This article explores the various types of Technology transfer from preclinical to commercial stages and successful strategies to foster innovation.

农业技术变迁与农业转型:占取主义/替代主义理论述评

《从农耕到生物技术:关于农业产业化的发展理论》一书从政治经济学角度讨论了技术变迁与农业资本化的关系,提出了占取主义/替代主义的理论框架,强调了由于自然条件的限制,资本无法在农业中建立一个超越家庭之外的更优生产模式,小规模家庭农业因此得以继续存在,但技术的进步,使工业资本可以不断加强对农业领域的渗透和控制。该理论对于理解中国农业转型具有启发意义,农业的资本化并不一定伴随着土地流转和规模化,资本可以通过对农业不同环节的改造、重组,从农业中占取剩余,形成资本积累。此外,国内农业社会学领域的研究发现,家庭农业的存续得益于"家庭"这一生产组织的独特优势,即家庭的村庄社会基础,这也构成对该书的重要拓展。

Experimental and Numerical Study of Structural Identification Using Non-Linear Resonant Decay Method

One of the practical approaches in identifying structures is the non-linear resonant decay method which identifies a non-linear dynamic system utilizing a model based on linear modal space containing the underlying linear system and a small number of extra terms that exhibit the non-linear effects.In this paper,the method is illustrated in a simulated system and an experimental structure.The main objective of the non-linear resonant decay method is to identify the non-linear dynamic systems based on the use of a multi-shaker excitation using appropriated excitation which is obtained from the force appropriation approach.The experimental application of the method is indicated to provide suitable estimates of modal parameters for the identification of non-linear models of structures.

公路景观构建中的人文表现(英文)

Creation of human landscape is the important component of highway landscape design,which has incomparable advantage in the aspects of transmitting cultural atmosphere and expressing regional features.It can not only beautify highway environment,but also serve for traffic function.It is another effective approach to ensure traffic safety.The paper has analyzed existing problems and insufficiencies of modern highway human construction,and discussed the means and methods of expression of historical humanized landscape in highway landscape design.The paper has considered that during design of highway human landscape,it should fully explore historical and humanized background along the highway,extract cultural spirit,enrich cultural connotation,and oppose coarse and fictitious design on the basis of respecting culture and history.

鲁迅信仰符码的当代解译——关于公共话语场域中三个鲁迅问题的论战

鲁迅自身信仰有一个既相互关联又彼此相异的内部逻辑,这一逻辑所演绎出来的信仰形态在历史继承中逐渐成为含义丰富的符码。新时期以来针对深化改革的诸多问题,以鲁迅为核心产生了多次论辩。解译鲁迅信仰符码的立场和态度,从本质上看就是各个阵营或阶层对社会发展方向的把握和意图。对相关解译的回顾和整理,有助于认清鲁迅内在的复杂性和外在的指向性,同时也能为若干现实问题的解决提供参照。

Chinese-English Translation of Advertisements

This paper is on the Chinese-English advertisement translation. It gives people an orderly discussion with examples in three parts:the problems in current advertisement translation, the causes of these problems, essential steps of making the Chinese-English translation of advertisement onto an appropriate way. This paper also suggests the principles of Chinese-English advertisement translation:natural, precise and understandable.

The Effect of Self-confidence in SLA

Krashen's affective filter theory drew researchers' attention to the fresh field of internal factors of learners.But researchers seem to pay too much attention to the other factors while tending to neglect a factor that we cannot afford to play down in language learning research-self-confidence.This paper is designed to discuss the close relationship between self-confidence and some of the other important affective factors,and furthermore raise appropriate concern over self-confidence.

Philosophy of Teaching

Education is a complex system that has evolved over thousands of years to reach its current level.It has many objects and subjects.The education systems of the countries are very diverse.Almost every country has its own ranking approach,because there is no universally accepted scientific theory of education.The search for effective reform in education continues today,but any reform that is not based on scientific theory cannot solve the problem.There are many problems in the content and management of education.Knowledge assessment is also flawed.No country can build an ideal school.It can be considered that in the last hundred years,education has not developed conceptually in the desired direction.Thus,education aims to train strong personalities,not perfect(wise)people.Although individualistic education may seem beneficial locally,globally it divides humanity and prevents its sustainable and harmonious living.However,in societies made up of perfect people,in principle there will be no division,harmony will exist,because perfect people solve problems not by force,but by reason,prefer cooperation rather than conflict.This means protecting the planet.To make the world a gun-free society,the view of education must change conceptually.This article presents a new philosophical view of teaching knowledge and proposes a new model,criteria,and theory.

我国慢性病防治人员素质分析

目的分析我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)慢性病防治人员素质及变化趋势,探讨我国慢性病防治人员素质的区域差异、变化原因及提升建议。方法收集1995—2017年所有涉及我国各省(自治区、直辖市)慢性病防治人力资源的文献,摘录慢性病防治人员素质的相关表述,综合计算慢性病防治人员素质适宜程度,描述2000—2017年我国各省(自治区、直辖市)慢性病防治人员素质的现状及变化趋势。结果从全国来看,2017年我国慢性病防治人员素质适宜程度的平均水平为40.3%,与适宜标准(85.0%)相差52.6%。从各省(自治区、直辖市)来看,东部地区慢性病防治人员的素质较高(适宜程度为42.3%),中西部地区慢性病防治人员素质的适宜程度在36.0%左右。2000—2017年我国各省(自治区、直辖市)慢性病防治人员素质大幅提升,适宜程度的平均水平提升了417.6%。结论我国慢性病防治人员素质存在区域差异。2000年以来防治人员素质稳步提升,但距适宜标准仍有较大差距。建设高素质慢性病防治人才队伍任重道远。

Ways to Develop College Students' Awareness of Appropriateness in Oral Communication

Appropriateness is very important in oral communication.By analyzing the problems in oral communication,this article puts forward some efficient ways to raise college students’awareness of appropriateness in oral communication.

Appropriate Listening Materials in Business English Teaching

Business English is a branch of ESP(English for specific Purpose),which determines its vocational and professional orient and its focus on learning for reality,work and professions,so applying real and authentic content in Business English teaching is suggested to be helpful both in theory and in practice.However,compared with other L2 skills teaching,to some points,listening input turns out to be problematic and uncertain in terms of utilization and selection of authentic listening materials currently.This article tries to present the problems and analyze to what extent these problems can be tackled by suggesting some appropriate listening materials.