我国公立医院财政拨款收入的结构变动特征分析

目的 分析公立医院财政拨款收入的结构变动特征。方法 基于2011—2020年将考察时间段调整为2010—2019年《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》的数据,应用结构变动度分析方法。结果 2010—2019年,全国公立医院的财政拨款收入规模呈现逐年上升的趋势。我国不同级别公立医院的财政拨款结构变动贡献率从大到小依次为三级医院(58.43%)、二级医院(39.26%)、基层医疗卫生机构(2.31%)。各类公立医院的贡献率从大到小依次为精神病医院(40.25%)、综合医院(17.13%)、传染病医院(14.64%)、中医(民族)医院(7.85%)、儿童医院(6.00%)、妇产医院/妇幼保健院(5.35%)、其他专科医院(4.90%)、职业病防治院(3.88%)。结论 需要政府落实职责,在财政拨款安排中重视各类型、各级别公立医院的合理平衡,科学规划财政投入标准及支持力度,进一步推动分级诊疗制度,保证不同类型、级别医院的平稳运行。

Experimental and Numerical Study of Structural Identification Using Non-Linear Resonant Decay Method

One of the practical approaches in identifying structures is the non-linear resonant decay method which identifies a non-linear dynamic system utilizing a model based on linear modal space containing the underlying linear system and a small number of extra terms that exhibit the non-linear effects.In this paper,the method is illustrated in a simulated system and an experimental structure.The main objective of the non-linear resonant decay method is to identify the non-linear dynamic systems based on the use of a multi-shaker excitation using appropriated excitation which is obtained from the force appropriation approach.The experimental application of the method is indicated to provide suitable estimates of modal parameters for the identification of non-linear models of structures.

Ecological footprint of food consumption in China:1982-2004

This paper calculates the land (including water area) requirement for food consumption in both balanced andactual diet in China by ecological footprint analysis. To determine whether logical and actual food demands are withinnatural regenerative ability, carrying capacity (excluding forestry production) is also calculated. Results show that actualdiet patterns were ecologically friendly in the period of 1982-2004 in China, mainly because of the rural moderate dietpatterns. But actual per capita footprint already overran its corresponding logic value of 0.976ha in urban areas in 2002.Productive areas for food production can satisfy the land requirement for actual diet patterns during the researchingperiod in China, nevertheless cannot satisfy that for balanced diet pattern or solve the problem of unbalanced ecologicalfootprint. The continual rising ecological footprint of food consumption in both rural and urban areas indicates that percapita footprint will keep on increasing in China and even may be more than the suggested logic value if no relevantcountermeasures are made to regulate diet patterns. Strictly speaking, China is facing food shortage, both in quality andin quantity.

Housing Typologies and Appropriation of the Urban Form in Alvalade＇s Neighborhood, Lisbon

The Alvalade＇s neighborhood （Lisbon, Portugal）, 1945, as a paradigm of Portuguese urbanism, can be distinguished by different housing cells that define it, as well as the different urban models, which relied on. It is possible to identify distinct occupational stains within the neighborhood, specifically in the cell one in this article, as a pioneer construction, due to housing dimension that corresponds to different housing typologies, residents and daily use areas, equipment. The objective is therefore, to understand how these three factors are reflected inside the cell, managing occupational stains which differ in space appropriation. How those different occupational stains that derive from the housing and urban morphology, may result in the occupation and experience of its inhabitants, not invalidating a cohesive structure of the neighborhood？

Philosophy of Teaching

Education is a complex system that has evolved over thousands of years to reach its current level.It has many objects and subjects.The education systems of the countries are very diverse.Almost every country has its own ranking approach,because there is no universally accepted scientific theory of education.The search for effective reform in education continues today,but any reform that is not based on scientific theory cannot solve the problem.There are many problems in the content and management of education.Knowledge assessment is also flawed.No country can build an ideal school.It can be considered that in the last hundred years,education has not developed conceptually in the desired direction.Thus,education aims to train strong personalities,not perfect(wise)people.Although individualistic education may seem beneficial locally,globally it divides humanity and prevents its sustainable and harmonious living.However,in societies made up of perfect people,in principle there will be no division,harmony will exist,because perfect people solve problems not by force,but by reason,prefer cooperation rather than conflict.This means protecting the planet.To make the world a gun-free society,the view of education must change conceptually.This article presents a new philosophical view of teaching knowledge and proposes a new model,criteria,and theory.

上海安亭新镇经验:规划结构中的文化和空间适应与转化

this paper we study planned and unplanned adjustment processes in master-planned communities and new towns by a first wave of residents,in which changes in lifestyles play a central role.How can unplanned transitions be stimulated and play a role in making a new town more attractive,sustainable,adjustable,and fexible in use?We apply this to the case of Anting New Town in Shanghai.We focus on both personal and collective adjustments and appropriation in housing,commercial,as well as public space.We explore methods of doing visual research by observation,in line with methods by Venturi and Boudon.By adding economic and socio-cultural drivers and institutional frameworks,which allow these alterations to happen,conclusions are made about the possible sustainability,adjustability,and flexibility of these planned structures.We analyze adjustments from different perspectives on the themes of urbanity and identity:architectural-morphological,②functional-economical,and socio-cultural.Following different approaches to studying the planned and unplanned city,we explain how the urbanity and identity of Anting have changed in various ways.Appropriation of building structures and urban spaces is a key element in this process of change.It is the outcome of a wider process of economicand socio-culturalchange.

The place of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen:the paradox between patrimonialisation and appropriation

The Great Mosque of Tlemcen is a unique case,as it is one of the few mosques dating back to the Almoravid period that is almost intact.It has evolved in a constantly changing space and now has a conjoined public square,following an occidental configuration,which is quite rare.The size of this square suggests that it could be put to use as an additional vector for the valorisation of the mosque,but the current situation is different.This added space,introduced by occidental culture,creates a dual architectural language with several other buildings that mark all the layers of evolution in the urban fabric.Apart from its religious function,this mosque used to play the role of a covered public square,a role that has eroded over time.The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship between the building and its surroundings,as well as the population’s perception of this relationship.Additionally,the research is intended to highlight changes in the perception of the Great Mosque of Tlemcen’s public square over time,depending on historical,political,and social contexts.This research relies on an approach that combines different methods,including a thorough analysis of historical,cartographic,and legislative documents.Through this approach,we were able to conduct a comparative analysis with other similar cases.Finally,field research allowed us to understand the relationship between space and society.Despite the legal recognition of the surroundings as a historical monument,this status is not widely perceived and integrated into the population’s sense of heritage space.This is reflected in private and even public actions,despite the instrumentalisation of this heritage status,with appropriations of protected space that occur outside of regulations and become part of the landscape expression of the building in its environment.

From appropriation to formal intervention:An analytical framework for understanding the appropriation process in residual spaces of Cairo

The paper addresses the issue of how residual spaces are intervened upon through formal and informal processes.It argues that a profound understanding for the dynamics of informal interventions,denoted by appropriation,could enhance the performance of their formal peers.Adopting a qualitative approach,the paper departs from Lefebvre's unitary theory of space and arrives at an analytical framework that helps to understand the appropriation processes in residual spaces.It,then,attempts to empirically challenge the applicability of this framework through analyzing a Cairene residual space that has undergone two cycles of intervention:a formal and informal one.

Appropriation of Innovation and Patent Behaviors of Technological Firms in the Yangtze Delta Area

In the transition from ＂made in China＂ to ＂invented in China,＂ what is the motivation of Chinese firms in applying for patents？ Why do some firms bypass patents？ How is patenting developing within Chinese firms？ This paper attempts to answer these questions using data of Chinese firms in the Yangtze River Delta region. Results indicate that, for product innovation, obtaining the lead time for market entry is of top priority in innovation protection, followed by confidentiality and patent protection. As for process innovation, confidentiality ranks first, followed by patent protection and obtaining the lead time. There is a significant and positive relationship between prior experience of patent licensing and possibility of future patent licensing. Firms with painful patent litigation experience tend to avoid it in the future. It is also found that there are great differences in patent behaviors between Chinese enterprises and their foreign counterparts.