Efforts to quantify management effects on decomposition rate of added substrates to the soil is important especially where such information is to be used for prediction in mathematical or simulation models. Using data...Efforts to quantify management effects on decomposition rate of added substrates to the soil is important especially where such information is to be used for prediction in mathematical or simulation models. Using data from a short term (60 days) greenhouse simulation study, a procedure for quantifying effects of management on SOM and substrate decomposition is presented. Using microbial growth rate u (q), microbial efficiency in substrate utilization e (q), specific decomposition rates for added plant residues to two contrasting soils, red earth (Ferrasol) and black earth (Acrisol) were estimated. The treatments included straw addition + buried, (T1); straw addition + mineral N (T2); and straw addition + tillage, (T3). Sampling was done every 15 days. Straw decomposition rate was affected by external mineral N sources (Urea 46% N). Addition of an external N source significantly increased decomposition rates. The study could not, however, fully account for the effect of tillage on residues because of the limited effect of the tillage method due to the artificial barrier to mechanical interference supplied by the mesh bags. It is concluded that using few decomposer parameters, decomposition rates and consequently SOM trends in a soil system can be monitored and quantification of the influence of perturbations on decomposition rate of added substrates possible.展开更多
AIM: To present the experience and outcomes of the surgical treatment for the patients with anorectal melanoma from the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. METHODS: Medical records of the diagnosis, ...AIM: To present the experience and outcomes of the surgical treatment for the patients with anorectal melanoma from the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. METHODS: Medical records of the diagnosis, surgery, and follow-up of 56 patients with anorectal melanoma who underwent surgery between 1975 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The factors predictive for the survival rate of these patients were identified using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate of the 56 patients with anorectal melanoma was 20%, 36 patients underwent abdominoperineal resection (APR) and 20 patients underwent wide local excision (WLE). The rates of local recurrence of the APR and WLE groups were 16.13% (5/36) and 68.75% (13/20), (P = 0.001), and the median survival time was 22 mo and 21 mo, respectively (P = 0.481). Univariate survival analysis demonstrated that the number of tumor and the depth of invasion had significant effects on the survival (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the number of tumor [P = 0.017, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.273-11.075] and the depth of invasion (P = 0.015, 95% CI = 1.249-7.591) were independent prognostic factors influencing the survival rate. CONCLUSION: Complete or R0 resection is the first choice of treatment for anorectal melanoma, prognosis is poor regardless of surgical approach, and early diagnosis is the key to improved survival rate for patients with anorectal melanoma.展开更多
目的调查某高原地区后勤部队军人的健康状况,为制定改善其健康状况的措施提供依据及建议。方法应用自测健康评定量表(self-rated Health measurement scale,SRHMS),采取随机整群抽样法对2011年11月驻扎青海某高原地区的后勤部队共348人...目的调查某高原地区后勤部队军人的健康状况,为制定改善其健康状况的措施提供依据及建议。方法应用自测健康评定量表(self-rated Health measurement scale,SRHMS),采取随机整群抽样法对2011年11月驻扎青海某高原地区的后勤部队共348人进行问卷调查。结果除正向情绪、认知功能、社会健康总分及其社会支持分项外,高原军人SRHMS量表各维度、子量表的均分和总均分均低于一般人群(均P<0.01);在生理健康方面,不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、兵龄、入伍前居住地的得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);在心理健康方面,不同部别、年龄、婚姻状况、兵龄的得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);在社会健康方面,不同性别、兵龄的得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。生理健康得分与兵龄有相关性(P<0.05),社会健康得分与性别、文化、部别有相关性(均P<0.05),其余各项间均无相关性(均P>0.05)。结论高原地区后勤部队军人健康状况处于中上水平,但多数项目仍低于一般人群;男性军人、已婚军人、年龄≥30岁的军人、兵龄≥10年的军人应视为重点保健对象;建议高原军队领导应重视健康管理和建立规范的军人健康自测系统,加强有针对性的心理健康教育和健康指导。展开更多
基金TheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .988940 0 4)
文摘Efforts to quantify management effects on decomposition rate of added substrates to the soil is important especially where such information is to be used for prediction in mathematical or simulation models. Using data from a short term (60 days) greenhouse simulation study, a procedure for quantifying effects of management on SOM and substrate decomposition is presented. Using microbial growth rate u (q), microbial efficiency in substrate utilization e (q), specific decomposition rates for added plant residues to two contrasting soils, red earth (Ferrasol) and black earth (Acrisol) were estimated. The treatments included straw addition + buried, (T1); straw addition + mineral N (T2); and straw addition + tillage, (T3). Sampling was done every 15 days. Straw decomposition rate was affected by external mineral N sources (Urea 46% N). Addition of an external N source significantly increased decomposition rates. The study could not, however, fully account for the effect of tillage on residues because of the limited effect of the tillage method due to the artificial barrier to mechanical interference supplied by the mesh bags. It is concluded that using few decomposer parameters, decomposition rates and consequently SOM trends in a soil system can be monitored and quantification of the influence of perturbations on decomposition rate of added substrates possible.
文摘AIM: To present the experience and outcomes of the surgical treatment for the patients with anorectal melanoma from the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. METHODS: Medical records of the diagnosis, surgery, and follow-up of 56 patients with anorectal melanoma who underwent surgery between 1975 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The factors predictive for the survival rate of these patients were identified using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate of the 56 patients with anorectal melanoma was 20%, 36 patients underwent abdominoperineal resection (APR) and 20 patients underwent wide local excision (WLE). The rates of local recurrence of the APR and WLE groups were 16.13% (5/36) and 68.75% (13/20), (P = 0.001), and the median survival time was 22 mo and 21 mo, respectively (P = 0.481). Univariate survival analysis demonstrated that the number of tumor and the depth of invasion had significant effects on the survival (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the number of tumor [P = 0.017, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.273-11.075] and the depth of invasion (P = 0.015, 95% CI = 1.249-7.591) were independent prognostic factors influencing the survival rate. CONCLUSION: Complete or R0 resection is the first choice of treatment for anorectal melanoma, prognosis is poor regardless of surgical approach, and early diagnosis is the key to improved survival rate for patients with anorectal melanoma.
文摘目的调查某高原地区后勤部队军人的健康状况,为制定改善其健康状况的措施提供依据及建议。方法应用自测健康评定量表(self-rated Health measurement scale,SRHMS),采取随机整群抽样法对2011年11月驻扎青海某高原地区的后勤部队共348人进行问卷调查。结果除正向情绪、认知功能、社会健康总分及其社会支持分项外,高原军人SRHMS量表各维度、子量表的均分和总均分均低于一般人群(均P<0.01);在生理健康方面,不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、兵龄、入伍前居住地的得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);在心理健康方面,不同部别、年龄、婚姻状况、兵龄的得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);在社会健康方面,不同性别、兵龄的得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。生理健康得分与兵龄有相关性(P<0.05),社会健康得分与性别、文化、部别有相关性(均P<0.05),其余各项间均无相关性(均P>0.05)。结论高原地区后勤部队军人健康状况处于中上水平,但多数项目仍低于一般人群;男性军人、已婚军人、年龄≥30岁的军人、兵龄≥10年的军人应视为重点保健对象;建议高原军队领导应重视健康管理和建立规范的军人健康自测系统,加强有针对性的心理健康教育和健康指导。
