Efficacy and predictive factors of transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib plus programmed cell death protein-1 inhibition for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)combined with lenvatinib plus programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)for unresectable hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC)have rarely been evaluated and it is unknown which factors are related to efficacy.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and independent predictive factors of TACE combined with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors for unresectable HCC.METHODS This study retrospectively enrolled patients with unresectable HCC who received TACE/lenvatinib/PD-1 treatment between March 2019 and April 2022.Overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)were determined.The objective response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)were evaluated in accordance with the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.Additionally,the prognostic factors affecting the clinical outcome were assessed.RESULTS One hundred and two patients were enrolled with a median follow-up duration of 12.63 months.The median OS was 26.43 months(95%CI:17.00-35.87),and the median PFS was 10.07 months(95%CI:8.50-11.65).The ORR and DCR were 61.76%and 81.37%,respectively.The patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Classification(BCLC)B stage,early neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)response(decrease),or early alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)response(decrease>20%)had superior OS and PFS than their counterparts.CONCLUSION This study showed that TACE/lenvatinib/PD-1 treatment was well tolerated with encouraging efficacy in patients with unresectable HCC.The patients with BCLC B-stage disease with early NLR response(decrease)and early AFP response(decrease>20%)may achieve better clinical outcomes with this triple therapy.

The action mechanism by which C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-6 alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic mice

Studies have shown that C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-6 (CTRP6) can alleviate renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. However, its role in the brain remains poorly understood. To investigate the role of CTRP6 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury associated with diabetes mellitus, a diabetes mellitus mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. To overexpress CTRP6 in the brain, an adeno-associated virus carrying CTRP6 was injected into the lateral ventricle. The result was that oxygen injury and inflammation in brain tissue were clearly attenuated, and the number of neurons was greatly reduced. In vitro experiments showed that CTRP6 knockout exacerbated oxidative damage, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis in cerebral cortical neurons in high glucose hypoxia-simulated diabetic cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. CTRP6 overexpression enhanced the sirtuin-1 signaling pathway in diabetic brains after ischemia/reperfusion injury. To investigate the mechanism underlying these effects, we examined mice with depletion of brain tissue-specific sirtuin-1. CTRP6-like protection was achieved by activating the sirtuin-1 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that CTRP6 likely attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through activation of the sirtuin-1 signaling pathway.

Effectiveness and tolerability of programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy for upper gastrointestinal tract cancers

BACKGROUND The combination of programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)inhibitor and che-motherapy is approved as a standard first-or second-line treatment in patients with advanced oesophageal or gastric cancer.However,it is unclear whether this combination is superior to chemotherapy alone.AIM To assess the comparative effectiveness and tolerability of combining PD-1 inhibitors with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced gastric cancer,gastroesophageal junction(GEJ)cancer,or oesophageal carcinoma.METHODS We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies that compared the efficacy and tolerance of PD-1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced oesophageal or gastric cancer.We employed either random or fixed models to analyze the outcomes of each clinical trial,en-compassing data on overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),objective response rate,and adverse events(AEs).RESULTS Nine phase 3 clinical trials(7016 advanced oesophageal and gastric cancer patients)met the inclusion criteria.Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the pooled PD-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy group had a significantly longer OS than the chemotherapy-alone group[hazard ratio(HR)=0.76,95%confidence interval(CI):0.71-0.81];the pooled PFS result was consistent with that of OS(HR=0.67,95%CI:0.61-0.74).The count of patients achieving an objective response in the PD-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy group surpassed that of the chemotherapy-alone group[odds ratio(OR)=1.86,95%CI:1.59-2.18].AE incidence was also higher in the combination-therapy group than in the chemotherapy-alone group,regardless of whether≥grade 3 only(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.07-1.57)or all AE grades(OR=1.88,95%CI:1.39-2.54)were examined.We performed a subgroup analysis based on the programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)combined positive score(CPS)and noted extended OS and PFS durations within the CPS≥1,CPS≥5,and CPS≥10 subgroups of the PD-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy group.CONCLUSION In contrast to chemotherapy alone,the combination of PD-1 inhibitor and chemotherapy appears to present a more favorable option for initial or subsequent treatment in patients with gastric cancer,GEJ tumor,or oesophageal cancer.This holds true particularly for individuals with PD-L1 CPS scores of≥5 and≥10.

Aquaporin-1在大鼠睾丸输出小管的免疫组织化学定位研究

目的 研究正常大鼠睾丸输出小管上皮细胞上Aquaporin 1(AQP 1)的定位分布以期了解其在水重吸收上的作用机制。方法 对正常Wistar大鼠睾丸输出小管进行常规免疫组织化学方法染色观察。结果 在睾丸输出小管非纤毛上皮细胞的刷状缘及基侧部AQP 1阳性表达强烈 ,核上区的胞内体的质膜上也有阳性表达 ;纤毛上皮细胞的纤毛亦呈阳性反应。结论 Aquaporin 1可能与睾丸输出小管非纤毛上皮细胞水重吸收功能有密切关系。

Aquaporin-1蛋白在缺血心肌中表达变化及其与心肌水肿的关系

目的在动物心肌梗塞模型中探讨心肌缺血状态下心肌细胞膜水通道蛋白Aquaporin-1的变化趋势及其与心肌水肿的联系。方法采用抗AQP1特异性免疫组化考查AQP1在心肌组织中的分布特点;以Real-timePCR及Westernblotting了解在缺血状态下心肌组织AQP1基因转录及蛋白表达的动态变化趋势;采用Evan’blue定量测定法了解缺血心肌组织中毛细血管通透性的变化及用心肌水含量测定法了解缺血心肌的水肿程度。结果AQP1在心肌中存在着广泛分布,并主要分布于心肌的血管及心肌细胞膜。缺血造成AQP1在心肌的转录及蛋白表达呈现先减后增的趋势;缺血后心肌水肿程度存在着双峰样变化趋势而且AQP1蛋白的表达增加的时间特征上与缺血后的第二个水肿高峰的变化趋势相一致。结论AQP1蛋白在心肌缺血后存在着先减后增的动态变化,AQP1蛋白的表达增加可能与部分地联系到缺血后的心肌水肿的形成。

缺血预适应后心肌水肿与水通道Aquaporin-1蛋白表达变化的关系

目的通过对缺血预适应动物模型与单纯心肌缺血动物模型之间的对照研究,探讨预适应对心肌细胞膜水通道蛋白Aquaporin-1表达的影响及与心肌水肿的关系。方法以Real-time PCR及Western blotting了解在心肌组织AQP1基因转录及蛋白表达的动态变化趋势;采用Evan blue定量测定法了解心肌组织中微血管通透性的变化及用心肌水含量测定法了解缺血心肌的水肿程度。结果与缺血对照组相似,缺血预适应后心肌AQP1基因及其蛋白的表达呈现先减后增的趋势,但增加的程度较对照组为高。预适应后组织血管通透性增高明显受到抑制,但仅伴随着缺血后早期阶段心肌水肿的减轻。与微血管通透性的持续降低形成对比的同时,心肌水肿状态在之后一段时期内保持较高水平与AQP1蛋白表达增高在时间关系上相对应。结论预适应早期心肌水肿的减轻与血管通透性的抑制有关,而AQP1蛋白表达的增加可能是心肌水肿状态维持的因素。

Aquaporin 1在中国人肺鳞癌细胞的表达

目的研究Aquaporin 1(AQP1)对中国人肺鳞癌细胞分化过程的影响。方法采用HE染色和AQP1免疫组织化学法对高、中、低分化的人肺癌细胞进行染色,光学显微镜观察并显微摄影。结果AQP1在高、中分化的肺鳞癌细胞呈阳性表达,在低分化的肺鳞癌细胞呈阴性表达;在高分化鳞癌中,角化珠旁的癌细胞呈较强阳性表达,癌巢周围的癌细胞呈阴性表达。结论AQP1参与人肺麟癌细胞的分化,其表达可能同分化程度相关。

Aquaporin-1 mRNA在人非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达和意义

目的:探讨Aquaporin-1(AQP1)mRNA在人非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达和意义。方法:以相应患者手术切除的正常肺组织为对照,采用半定量RT-PCR技术检测人非小细胞肺癌(17例鳞癌和18例腺癌)组织中AQP1 mRNA的表达水平。结果:人肺腺癌组织中AQP1 mRNA表达水平为0.419±0.135,高于正常肺组织中的表达水平(0.250±0.124),二者之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);人肺鳞癌组织中AQP1 mRNA表达水平为0.341±0.099,与正常肺组织中AQP1 mRNA表达水平(0.264±0.114)之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:AQP1mRNA在人肺腺癌组织中表达增加,提示AQP1可能与人肺腺癌的发生和发展有关系。

Aquaporin1～9 mRNA在成人大肠黏膜中的表达

明确Aquaporin基因各亚型(aqps)mRNA在成人大肠黏膜的表达,探讨aqps在正常大肠生理中的作用.以RT-PCR方法分别检测左半结肠、右半结肠黏膜各10例标本中1～9共9个亚型mRNA的表达情况.结果示aqp6在左、右半结肠均未见有表达,1、2、3、4、5、7、8、9 mRNA在左右半结肠黏膜均有表达,aqp9在左半结肠表达更丰富.结论:成人大肠黏膜中多种水通道蛋白的表达提示aqps尤其aqp9与大肠的水分吸收、黏液分泌等有密切关系.

血清水通道蛋白1水平联合血管外肺水指数对脓毒症致急性呼吸窘迫综合征的价值

目的 探讨血清水通道蛋白1(AQP1)水平联合血管外肺水指数(EVLWI)对脓毒症致急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的病情程度及预后的评估价值。方法 选取2020年1月至2023年12月收治的脓毒症致ARDS患者268例(ARDS组)和单纯脓毒症患者55例(单纯脓毒症组),脓毒症致ARDS患者根据氧合指数(OI)分为轻度组89例、中度组109例、重度组70例,根据28 d预后分为死亡组104例和存活组164例。检测血清AQP1水平和计算EVLWI。利用Spearman法,脓毒症致ARDS患者血清AQP1水平、EVLWI与OI的相关性;建立logistic回归模型,确定脓毒症致ARDS患者死亡的因素;并绘制ROC曲线,评价血清AQP1水平联合EVLWI对其的评估价值。结果 与单纯脓毒症组比较,ARDS组血清AQP1水平降低,EVLWI升高(P <0.05)。AQP1水平在轻度、中度、重度组中依次降低,EVLWI依次升高(P <0.05)。血清AQP1水平与脓毒症致ARDS患者OI呈正相关,EVLWI与脓毒症致ARDS患者OI呈负相关(P <0.05)。268例脓毒症致ARDS患者28 d死亡率38.81%(104/268)。脓毒症致ARDS患者死亡的独立保护因素为OI升高(OR=0.984,95%CI:0.976~0.992)和AQP1升高(OR=0.761,95%CI:0.677~0.854),独立危险因素为SOFA评分增加(OR=1.367,95%CI:1.142~1.636)和血乳酸升高(OR=2.515,95%CI:1.689~3.745)、EVLWI升高(OR=1.559,95%CI:1.290~1.885),差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。血清AQP1水平联合EVLWI预测的AUC为0.887(95%CI:0.843~0.923),比血清AQP1水平、EVLWI单独预测的0.792(95%CI:0.738~0.839)、0.807(95%CI:0.754~0.852)大(P <0.05)。结论 血清AQP1水平降低和EVLWI升高与脓毒症致ARDS患者病情程度加重、预后不良有关,血清AQP1水平联合EVLWI对脓毒症致ARDS患者预后的评估价值较高。

血清Omentin-1、AQP4、VILIP-1预测急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑梗死的价值分析

目的:探讨急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑梗死(ALVS)患者在急诊血管内治疗术后血管再通后血清视椎蛋白样蛋白1(VILIP-1)、水通道蛋白-4(AQP4)、网膜素-1(Omentin-1)的表达和临床意义。方法:选取154例我院2019年9月-2022年9月就诊的ALVS患者,入院后均行血管内治疗术,根据术后90d改良Rankin(mRS)评分分为预后良好组116(75.32%)、预后不良组38例(24.68%),比较两组临床资料及术前、术后1个月Omentin-1、AQP4、VILIP-1的表达水平,Pearson分析术后1个月上述指标与mRS评分相关性,Logistic回归方程分析预后影响因素,并分析其预测价值。结果:与预后良好组比较,预后不良组术前血清VILIP-1、AQP4水平较低(P<0.05),Omentin-1水平较高(P<0.05),术后1个月血清VILIP-1、AQP4水平较低(P<0.05),Omentin-1水平较高(P<0.05),且术后1个月更为显著(P<0.05);术后1个月血清VILIP-1、AQP4水平与mRS评分呈正相关,Omentin-1水平与mRS评分呈负相关(P<0.05);VILIP-1、AQP4为术后90d预后不良危险因素,Omentin-1为预后不良保护因素(P<0.05);与低危组比较,高危组术后90d不良预后发生率高于低危组(P<0.05)。结论:血清VILIP-1、AQP4、Omentin-1水平为ALVS患者血管内治疗术后血管再通预后的重要影响因素,为临床早期评估和预测预后提供可靠依据。

四氢嘧啶对HaCaT细胞活力及AQP3、Claudin-1、ZO-1表达的影响

目的研究四氢嘧啶(Ectoine)对人角质形成细胞(HaCaT)的细胞活力、细胞凋亡率和细胞活性氧(ROS)的影响,并分析水通道蛋白3(AQP3)、紧密连接蛋白-1(Claudin-1)、闭锁连接蛋白(ZO-1)的表达水平。方法设置Ectoine浓度实验组和空白对照组,培养HaCaT细胞(24 h),采用CCK8法检测HaCaT细胞的细胞活力,甄选最佳的Ectoine作用浓度。用Western Blot法检测HaCaT细胞的AQP3、Claudin-1、ZO-1表达水平;用流式细胞仪检测HaCaT细胞的凋亡率及胞内ROS水平。结果CCK8法检测结果显示,0.10%Ectoine组、0.20%Ectoine组、0.30%Ectoine组的HaCaT细胞活力均高于120%,其中0.20%Ectoine组最高(146.92%±7.67%)。Ectoine浓度实验组相对于空白对照组,HaCaT细胞的AQP3、Claudin-1、ZO-1表达水平明显升高(P<0.05),且细胞凋亡率和胞内ROS水平均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论Ectoine可提高HaCaT细胞的细胞活力,降低凋亡率和胞内ROS水平,上调AQP3、Claudin-1、ZO-1表达水平。Ectoine可能与相关保湿蛋白的表达相关,对HaCaT细胞具有一定的保护作用。

Transplantation of X-box-binding protein-1 gene-modified neural stem cells in the lateral ventricle of brain ischemia rats

X-box-binding protein-1 （XBP-1） is an essential transcription factor in endoplasmic reticulum stress In this study, XBP-1 gene-transfected neural stem cells （NSCs） were transplanted into lesion sites to ensure stability and persistent expression of XBP-1, resulting in the exertion of anti-apoptotic effects. Simultaneously, XBP-1 gene transfection promotes the survival and differentiation of transplanted NSCs. Results from this study demonstrated that survival, proliferation and differentiation of XBP-1 g^ne-modified NSCs were enhanced when compared to unmodified NSCs at 28 days post-transplantation （P 〈 0.05）. A diminished number of apoptotic neural cells increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced Bax expression, and were observed in the ischemic region of the XBP-1-NSCs group （P 〈 0.05）. These results indicated that modification of the XBP-1 gene enhances the survival and migration of NSCs in vivo and decreases the occurrence of apoptosis.

Effect of Danzhijiangtang capsule on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expression in newly diagnosed diabetes subclinical vascular lesions

AIM:To investigate the effect of Danzhijiangtang capsule(DJC) on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) mRNA expression in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) subclinical vascular lesions.METHODS:Sixty-two patients with newly diagnosed T2DM subclinical vascular lesions were randomly divided into a control group and treatment group of 31 cases each.Oral antidiabetic therapy with routine western medicine was conducted in both groups,and the treatment group was additionally treated with DJCs.The treatment course for both groups was 12 wk.Before and after treatment,the total efficiency and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome score were calculated.The fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2-h plasma glucose(2hPG),fasting insulin(FINS),insulin resistance index(IRI),hemoglobin(Hb)A1c,blood lipids,and hemorheology indices were determined.In addition,the levels of vascular endothelial growth factors including thrombomodulin(TM),von Willebrand factor(vWF),P-selectin and MCP-1 mRNA were determined.RESULTS:After 12 wk of treatment,the TCM syndrome score was significantly decreased compared to before treatment in both groups.After treatment,FPG,2hPG,HbA1c,FINS,IRI,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein,high-density lipoprotein,whole blood low shear specific viscosity,plasma specific viscosity,TM,vWF,P-selectin and MCP-1 mRNA were significantly improved compared to before treatment in both groups.After treatment,the total efficiency and TCM syndrome score in the treatment group were better than in the control group.FINS,IRI,whole blood high shear specific viscosity,plasma specific viscosity,TM,vWF,P-selectin and MCP-1 mRNA level in the treatment group were significantly reduced after treatment compared with control group.CONCLUSION:DJCs are efficacious in supplementing qi,nourishing yin and invigorating blood circulation,and upregulate MCP-1 mRNA expression in patients with T2DM subclinical vascular lesions.

Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans protected the ceruleininduced acute pancreatitis by inhibiting high-mobility group box protein-1

AIM:To evaluate the inhibitory effects of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans(SSM) on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis(AP) in a mouse model.METHODS:SSM water extract(0.1,0.5,or 1 g/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally 1 h prior to the first injection of cerulein.Once AP developed,the stable cholecystokinin analogue,cerulein was injected hourly,over a 6 h period.Blood samples were taken 6 h later to determine serum amylase,lipase,and cytokine levels.The pancreas and lungs were rapidly removed for morphological examination,myeloperoxidase assay,and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.To specify the role of SSM in pancreatitis,the pancreatic acinar cells were isolated using collagenase method.Then the cells were pre-treated with SSM,then stimulated with cerulein.The cell viability,cytokine productions and high-mobility group box protein-1(HMGB-1) were measured.Furthermore,the regulating mechanisms of SSM action were evaluated.RESULTS:The administration of SSM significantly attenuated the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis associated lung injury,as was shown by the reduction in pancreatic edema,neutrophil infiltration,vacuolization and necrosis.SSM treatment also reduced pancreatic weight/body weight ratio,serum amylase,lipase and cytokine levels,and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β.In addition,treatment with SSM inhibited HMGB-1 expression in the pancreas during AP.In accordance with in vivo data,SSM inhibited the cerulein-induced acinar cell death,cytokine,and HMGB-1 release.SSM also inhibited the activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase,p38 and nuclear factor(NF)-κB.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that SSM plays a protective role during the development of AP and pancreatitis associated lung injury via deactivating c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase,p38 and NF-κB.

Analysis of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene polymorphism in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

AIM:To investigate a genetic polymorphism of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1 ) gene in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).METHODS:MCP-1 genotyping was performed in 23 patients with SBP and 83 cirrhotic control patients with non-infected ascites.RESULTS:The frequency of carriers of the G-allele was lower in SBP patients but this difference did not reach statistical significance. However,in the subgroup of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (n=80),carriers of the G-allele were significantly less frequent in SBP-patients (38.1%) than in cirrhotic controls (67.8%,P=0.021). CONCLUSION:In patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis,the-2518 MCP-1 genotype AA is a risk factor for the development of SBP.

Structure and function of epididymal protein cysteine-rich secretory protein-1

Cysteine-rich secretory protein-1 （CRISP-1） is a glycoprotein secreted by the epididymal epithelium. It is a member of a large family of proteins characterized by two conserved domains and a set of 16 conserved cysteine residues. In mammals, CRISP-1 inhibits sperm-egg fusion and can suppress sperm capacitation. The molecular mechanism of action of the mammalian CRISP proteins remains unknown, but certain non-mammalian CRISP proteins can block ion channels. In the rat, CRISP-1 comprises two forms referred to as Proteins D and E. Recent work in our laboratory demonstrates that the D form of CRISP-1 associates transiently with the sperm surface, whereas the E form binds tightly. When the spermatozoa are washed, the E form of CRISP-1 persists on the sperm surface after all D form has dissociated. Cross-linking studies demonstrate different protein-protein interaction patterns for D and E, although no binding partners for either protein have yet been identified. Mass spectrometric analyses revealed a potential post-translational modification on the E form that is not present on the D form. This is the only discernable difference between Proteins D and E, and presumably is responsible for the difference in behavior of these two forms of rat CRISP- 1. These studies demonstrate that the more abundant D form interacts with spermatozoa transiently, possibly with a specific receptor on the sperm surface, consistent with a capacitation-suppressing function during sperm transit and storage in the epididymis, and also confirm a tightly bound population of the E form that could act in the female reproductive tract. （Asian J Androl 2007 July; 9： 508-514）

Activator protein-1 involved in growth inhibition by RASSF1A gene in the human gastric carcinoma cell line SGC7901

AIM:To investigate the role of Ras association domain family protein 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) in gastric tumorigenesis. METHODS:Through over-expression of RASSF1A gene in the SGC7901 cell line which was induced by a lipofectamine-mediated gene transfer approach. Activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA binding activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS:Compared with the control clones, cells over- expressing RASSF1A exhibited significant inhibition of cell growth with G1 cell cycle arrest in vitro and in vivo. The over-expression of RASSF1A significantly inhibited AP-1 activity in SGC7901 cells (0.981±0.011 vs 0.354±0.053, P<0.001). In addition, both Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry demonstrated that RASSF1A down-regulated the expression of c-Fos (0.975± 0.02 vs 0.095±0.024, P<0.001) but not c-Jun. CONCLUSION: Over-expression of RASSF1A inhibits the growth of SGC7901 cells by negatively regulating the AP-1 activity, the latter in turn negatively signals cell proliferation.

MicroRNA-760 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer development via inhibiting G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 transcription

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)has become a serious threat to people's health.Accumulative evidence reveals that dysregulation of numerous microRNAs(miRNAs)has been found during malignant formation.So far,the role of microRNA-760(miR-760)in the development of GC is largely unknown.AIM To measure the expression level of miR-760 in GC and investigate its role in gastric tumorigenesis.METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to measure the expression of miR-760 and G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1(GIT1).Cell growth was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)and cell colony formation assays.Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometric analysis.The relationship between miR-760 and GIT1 was verified by luciferase reporter assay.RESULTS The results showed that the expression of miR-760 was decreased in GC and associated with poor clinical outcomes in GC patients.Furthermore,miR-760 restrained cell proliferation and cell colony formation and induced apoptosis in GC cells.In addition,miR-760 directly targeted GIT1 and negatively regulated its expression in GC.GIT1 was upregulated in GC and predicted a worse prognosis in GC patients.We also found that upregulation of GIT1 weakened the inhibitory CONCLUSION In conclusion,miR-760 targets GIT1 to inhibit cell growth and promote apoptosis in GC cells.Our data demonstrate that miR-760 may be a potential target for the treatment of GC.

All-trans Retinoic Acid Diminishes Collagen Production in a Hepatic Stellate Cell Line via Suppression of Active Protein-1 and c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Signal

Following acute and chronic liver injury,hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) become activated to undergo a phenotypic transformation into myofibroblast-like cells and lose their retinol content,but the mechanisms of retinoid loss and its potential roles in HSCs activation and liver fibrosis are not understood.The influence of retinoids on HSCs and hepatic fibrosis remains controversial.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) on cell proliferation,mRNA expression of collagen genes [procollagen α1 (Ⅰ),procollagen α1 (Ⅲ)],profibrogenic genes (TGF-β 1,CTGF,MMP-2,TIMP-1,TIMP-2,PAI-1),fibrolytic genes (MMP-3,MMP-13) and the upstream element (JNK and AP-1) in the rat hepatic stellate cell line (CFSC-2G).Cell proliferation was evaluated by measuring BrdU incorporation.The mRNA expression levels of collagen genes [procollagen α1 (Ⅰ),procollagen α1 (Ⅲ)],profibrogenic genes (TGF-β 1,CTGF,MMP-2,TIMP-1,TIMP-2,PAI-1),and fibrolytic genes (MMP-3,MMP-13) were quantitatively detected by using real-time PCR.The mRNA expression of JNK and AP-1 was quantified by RT-PCR.The results showed that ATRA inhibited HSCs proliferation and diminished the mRNA expression of collagen genes [procollagen α1 (Ⅰ),procollagen α1 (Ⅲ)] and profibrogenic genes (TGF-β 1,CTGF,MMP-2,TIMP-1,TIMP-2,PAI-1),and significantly stimulated the mRNA expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 in HSCs by suppressing the mRNA expression of JNK and AP-1.These findings suggested that ATRA could inhibit proliferation and collagen production of HSCs via the suppression of active protein-1 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal,then decrease the mRNAs expression of profibrogenic genes (TGF-β 1,CTGF,MMP-2,TIMP-1,TIMP-2,PAI-1),and significantly induce the mRNA expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13.