A novel surface molecularly imprinted polymer as the solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the selective determination of ampicillin sodium in milk and blood samples

Surface molecularly imprinted polymers （SMIPs） for selective adsorption of ampicillin sodium were synthesized using surface molecular imprinting technique with silica gel as a support. The physical and morphological characteristics of the polymers were investigated by scanning electron microscope （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption-desorption test. The obtained results showed that the SMIPs displayed great adsorption capacity （13.5 lag/mg）, high recognition ability （the imprinted factor is 3.2） and good binding kinetics for ampicillin sodium. Finally, as solid phase extraction adsorbents, the SMIPs coupled with HPLC method were validated and applied for the enrichment, purification and determination of anapicillin sodium in real milk and blood samples. The averages of spiked accuracy ranged from 92.1% to 107.6%. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 4.6%. This study provides a new and promising method for enriching, extracting and determining ampicillin sodium in complex biological samples.

A New One-dimensional Sodium Polymer Constructed from 4-Carboxy-benzenesulfonic Acid

A new one-dimensional double chain coordination polymer, [Na（cbsH）（H2O）3]n （cbsH = 4-carboxy-benzenesulfonic anion）, has been synthesized by aqueous reaction, structurally described, and thermally characterized. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P with a = 5.645（4）, b = 7.905（5）, c = 13.043（8） , α = 89.391（7）, β = 80.637（7）, γ = 82.845（7）°, V = 569.8（6） 3, Z = 2, C7H11NaO8S, Mr = 278.21, Dc = 1.622 Kg/m3, F（000） = 288, R = 0.0260 and wR = 0.0697. The title compound consists of one-dimensional double chains. 4-Carboxy-benzenesulfonic acid acts as a bridging bidentate ligand to link two sodium（I） ions to form a binuclear structure. Remarkably, the sodium（I） ion behaves as a metal bridge so that the binuclear structure units are connected to construct a one-dimensional double chain polymer. Furthermore, a 3-D framework is assembled through intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that this compound begins losing the free solvent molecules at 106 ℃ and decompounding completely at 580 ℃.

Enabling stable sodium metal cycling by sodiophilic interphase in a polymer electrolyte system

Enabling highly reversible sodium(Na) metal anodes in a polymer electrolyte(PE) system is critical for realizing next-generation batteries with lower cost,higher energy,and improved safety.However,the uneven Na deposition and high Na/PE interphase resistance lead to poor reversibility and short cycle life of Na metal anodes.To tackle these problems,here a variety of metal nanoparticles(M-np,M=Al,Sn,In or Au) are deposited onto copper(Cu) foils to synthesize binder-free M-np@Cu substrates for Na plating/stripping.Notably,the Au-np@Cu substrate provides abundant preferential nucleation/growth sites,decreasing Na nucleation barrier and thus promoting uniform Na deposition.Accordingly,stable Na metal anodes are achieved with high reversible capacities,long cycle life,and high usage of Na.With the Au-np@Cu/Na anode and PE,the full cell using a commercial bulk sulfur cathode exhibits a reversible capacity of>400 mAh g^(-1) with near-100% Coulombic efficiency over 200 cycles.

Sodium chloride methanol solution spin-coating process for bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells

The sodium chloride methanol solution process is conducted on the conventional poly（3-hexylthiophene）（P3HT）/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester（PC_（61）BM） polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. The device exhibits a power conversion efficiency of up to 3.36%, 18% higher than that of the device without the solution process. The measurements of the active layer by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, atomic force microscopy（AFM）, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy（UPS） indicate a slight phase separation in the vertical direction and a sodium chloride distributed island-like interface between the active layer and the cathode. The capacitance–voltage（C–V） and impedance spectroscopy measurements prove that the sodium chloride methanol process can reduce the electron injection barrier and improve the interfacial contact of polymer solar cells. Therefore, this one-step solution process not only optimizes the phase separation in the active layers but also forms a cathode buffer layer, which can enhance the generation, transport, and collection of photogenerated charge carriers in the device simultaneously. This work indicates that the inexpensive and non-toxic sodium chloride methanol solution process is an efficient one-step method for the low cost manufacturing of polymer solar cells.

Hollow Bio-derived Polymer Nanospheres with Ordered Mesopores for Sodium-Ion Battery

Bio-inspired hierarchical self-assembly provides elegant and powerful bottom-up strategies for the creation of complex materials.However,the current self-assembly approaches for natural bio-compounds often result in materials with limited diversity and complexity in architecture as well as microstructure.Here,we develop a novel coordination polymerization-driven hierarchical assembly of micelle strategy,using phytic acid-based natural compounds as an example,for the spatially controlled fabrication of metal coordination bio-derived polymers.The resultant ferric phytate polymer nanospheres feature hollow architecture,ordered meso-channels of^12 nm,high surface area of 401 m2 g−1,and large pore volume of 0.53 cm3 g−1.As an advanced anode material,this bio-derivative polymer delivers a remarkable reversible capacity of 540 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1,good rate capability,and cycling stability for sodium-ion batteries.This study holds great potential of the design of new complex bio-materials with supramolecular chemistry.

Influence of Suspension Parameters on Water Absorbency of Starch-poly(sodium acrylate) Synthesized by Inverse Suspension Polymerization

Superabsorbents starch grafted sodium polyacrylate was prepared by inverse suspension polymerization, using toluene as the continuous phase, potassiun persulfate as the initiator. The effect of suspension parameters, such as volume ratio of continuous phase and dispersed phase,type and dosage of suspending agents, on water absorbency of the starch grafted polymer was studied.Different starch derivatives were also investigated.Superabsorbents made of cationic starch has higher water absorbency than that made of native corn starch.

POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE METHYL PHOSPHATE IN THE PRESENCE OF SODIUM POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL)ATE

Poly(ethylene methyl phosphate)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ethylene methyl phosphate) triblock copolymers carrying hydroxyl group at both chain ends were synthesized with sodium poly(ethylene glycol)ate as initiator. The effects of the factors such as solvent, amount of the initiator and reaction time were investigated. The copolymers were characterized by IR, H-1-NMR, H-1{P-31}-NMR, C-13-NMR, P-31{H-1}-NMR, and DSC. High molecular weight of the copolymer and high yield of the polymerization were achieved within 3 min at 25 degrees C. The polymerization process was studied by P-31{H-1}-NMR and transesterification was found during longer polymerization time.

Crystal Structure of the Coordination Polymer of Sodium with Hydrazone Derivant of Acetoacetanilide

One new polymer, [Na（NPHSNPAB）（CH3OH）]n, where NPHSNPAB stands for Nphenyl-2-[2-hydroxy-3-sulfo-5-nitrophenylhydrazone]butadione-1,3, has been synthesized and characterized by ^1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. For this complex： C（17）H（17）N4NaO9S, Mr = 476.39, triclinic system, space group P1, a = 8.8741（18）, b = 10.942（2）, c = 12.039（2） A, α = 65.74（3）, β = 77.49（3）, γ = 84.30（3）o, V = 1040.3（4） A3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.521 g/cm^3, λ = 0.71073 A, F（000） = 492, S = 1.106, R = 0.0614 and w R = 0.1423 for 2945 observed reflections with I 〉 2（I）. X-ray structural analysis revealed that the structure of NPHSNPAB framework was almost planar by C–H···O, N–H···O, O–H···O, and O–H···S hydrogen bonds. Moreover, sodium（I） center was bound by six O and one N atoms, forming the coordination polymer. The molecular packing diagram showed complicated hydrogen bonds and π···π stacking interaction in the polymer. The average bond distance of the two dicyclic units（3.768 A） indicated strong π···π stacking interaction. The complex displays greenyellow emission at room temperature.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Properties of a 1D Heteronuclear Cobalt-sodium Polymer with Bridging Ligand 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) Hydrazinecarbothioamide

A new cobalt-sodium coordination polymer [CoNa（C_9H_9N_3O_2S）_2·H_2O]_2·C_2H_3N·H_2O（1） has been synthesized with cobalt chloride,2-（2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene）hydrazinecarbothio amide（L） and sodium hydroxide.It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1,with a = 9.972（4）,b = 10.923（4）,c = 13.489（5） ？,α = 108.005（10）,β = 92.728（10）,γ = 93.16（1）o,V = 1392.0（9） ？~3,Mr = 1151.95,Dc = 1.374 g/cm^3,Z = 2,F（000） = 592,the final GOOF = 1.126,R = 0.1091 and wR = 0.2412.Each unit molecule consists of two cobalt ions and two sodium ions bridged by four 2-（2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene）hydrazinecarbothio amide anions.The coordination environment of Co ion is CoO_2N_2S_2,giving a distorted octahedral geometry and the Na（1） ion is NaO_4N,giving a distorted square pyramidal geometry.The results show that 1 shows one strong intense fluorescence emission wavelength of 429 nm with an excitation wavelength of 376 nm,and the electron transfer of 1 is irreversible in electrode reactions.

丙烯酸基高吸水性树脂的研究进展

介绍了高吸水性树脂的制备方法以及各种方法的优缺点。概述了不同的改性材料对高吸水性树脂吸水保水性能的影响,并给出了增加比表面积、分子量、活性基团数量、适当的中和度和交联度等方法来提高吸水保水能力。总结了高吸水性树脂在环境治理、建筑材料和农林业三个领域的应用。对高吸水性树脂性能的进一步改善进行了展望,开发低成本、可降解的高吸水性树脂仍是亟需解决的难题。

单电子转移活性自由基聚合法制备表面活性聚合物及性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)为功能单体,2-氯丙酰胺(CPA)为引发剂,采用单电子转移自由基聚合方法,制备无规二元共聚物PAM-co-PAOS。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为c(单体)=2.5 mol/L,n(单体)∶n(CPA)∶n(CuBr)∶n(Me_(6)TREN)=769∶1.2∶1∶3.8;m(AOS)∶m(AM+AOS)=3.5%。对表面活性聚合物PAM-co-PAOS进行性能研究,在大庆模拟盐水中具有较好的增黏性及表面活性。

注射用头孢唑肟钠的质量评价

目的 评价国内上市的注射用头孢唑钠整体的质量状况。方法 按照法定标准检验结合探索性研究,包括对产品的有关物质、聚合物、残留溶剂、2-巯基苯并噻唑、成盐率等关键质量属性的考察,综合评价产品的质量及现行质量标准对产品质量的可控性。结果 抽取的238批样品,按法定标准检验,合格率为100.0%。探索性研究结果表明,法定标准在杂质控制、聚合物测定等方面存在一定不足;个别企业样品醋酸残留超出限度;部分企业样品检出基因毒性杂质2-巯基苯并噻唑;不同企业样品成盐率无明显差异。结论 国内上市的注射用头孢唑肟钠总体质量较好;现行标准需进一步统一和提高,建议完善有关物质等检测方法;建议生产企业关注工艺中“醋酸”的残留及2-巯基苯并噻唑的潜在风险。

注射用头孢西丁钠有关物质测定方法的改进

目的改进注射用头孢西丁钠有关物质的测定方法。方法采用苯基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂(Inertsil Ph-3色谱柱4.6 mm×250 mm,3μm);以甲酸铵缓冲液(取甲酸铵1.0 g,加水1000 mL使溶解,用甲酸调节pH值至2.7)为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,按线性梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为35℃,检测波长为254 nm。结果头孢西丁峰与各杂质峰分离良好,头孢西丁在0.0446~13.3692μg/mL范围内线性良好,检出限为0.89 ng,精密度与重复性均符合规定。结论本方法灵敏度高,分离效果好,可现实对头孢西丁钠已知杂质和聚合物杂质进行同时检测。

HPLC法测定溴芬酸钠滴眼液中聚合物的含量

目的建立溴芬酸钠滴眼液中聚合物的含量测定方法。方法采用色谱柱Waters C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),柱温30℃,流动相A为0.05 mol/L磷酸氢二钾溶液(pH 4.5)-乙腈(75∶25),流动相B为乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长400 nm。结果聚合物与相邻杂质峰可以有效分离,溴芬酸钠峰的线性范围为0.1~10.0μg/ml(r=0.9995),检出限为0.02μg/ml,定量限为0.05μg/ml。结论建立的含量测定方法简便、准确,可用于溴芬酸钠滴眼液中聚合物的质量控制。

低临界共溶温度可调聚氨酯的合成及温度响应性能研究

温度响应聚合物是一种重要的刺激响应智能材料,在诸多重要领域展现出了巨大的应用价值。本研究合成了一种在水中具有低临界共溶温度(LCST)的温度响应聚氨酯,可以通过向水体系中加入不同质量十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的方式轻松、快速调整其LCST,而无需通过改变反应物中亲水链段和疏水链段的质量比来预先调节。文中同时探究了聚氨酯在水中的温度响应性能,结果表明SDBS可以提高聚氨酯疏水链段在水中的溶解性,防止相互聚集,因此SDBS含量越大,温度响应聚氨酯的LCST越高。

Development of solid-state electrolytes for sodium-ion battery–A short review

All-solid-state sodium-ion battery is regarded as the next generation battery to replace the current commercial lithium-ion battery, with the advantages of abundant sodium resources, low price and high-level safety. As one critical component in sodium-ion battery, solid-state electrolyte should possess superior operational safety and design simplicity, yet reasonable high room-temperature ionic conductivity. This paper gives a comprehensive review on the recent progress in solid-state electrolyte materials for sodium-ion battery, including inorganic ceramic/glass-ceramic, organic polymer and ceramic-polymer composite electrolytes, and also provides a comparison of the ionic conductivity in various solid-state electrolyte materials. The development of solid-state electrolytes suggests a bright future direction: all solid-state sodium-ion battery could be fully used to power all electric road vehicles, portable electronic devices and large-scale grid support.

Superabsorbent polymer for water management in forestry

The effectiveness of a superabsorbent polymer of sodium polyacrylate was studied, with emphasis on water management, i.e., absorption, retention and desorption in the soil. The polymer was applied in plots with a sandy soil near Grandola (southern Portugal). Characterization of the most relevant physical and chemical properties of the polymer was made, namely, its specific gravity, particle diameter, capacity of water absorption and desorption. In the plots with and without the polymer, soil moisture was continuously monitored, and grassland biomass samples were collected and weighed. The results reflected the effective role of the polymer both in the improvement of the water regime in the soil and in the substantial increment of grassland productivity.

Evaluation of chitosaneanionic polymers based tablets for extended-release of highly watersoluble drugs

The objective of this study is to develop chitosaneanionic polymers based extendedrelease tablets and test the feasibility of using this system for the sustained release of highly water-soluble drugs with high drug loading.Here,the combination of sodium valproate(VPS)and valproic acid(VPA)were chosen as the model drugs.Anionic polymers studied include xanthan gum(XG),carrageenan(CG),sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-Na)and sodium alginate(SA).The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method.In vitro drug release was carried out under simulated gastrointestinal condition.Drug release mechanism was studied.Compared with single polymers,chitosaneanionic polymers based system caused a further slowdown of drug release rate.Among them,CS exanthan gum matrix system exhibited the best extended-release behavior and could extend drug release for up to 24 h.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)studies demonstrated that polyelectrolyte complexes(PECs)were formed on the tablet surface,which played an important role on retarding erosion and swelling of the matrix in the later stage.In conclusion,this study demonstrated that it is possible to develop highly water-soluble drugs loaded extendedrelease tablets using chitosaneanionic polymers based system.

Synthesis and Characterization of Proton-conducting Polymer Electrolytes Based on Acrylonitrile-Styrene Sulfonic Acid Copolymer/Layered Double Hydroxides Nanocomposltes

Acrylonitrile-sodium styrene sulfonate copolymer/layered double hydroxides nanocomposites were prepared by in situ aqueous precipitation copolymerization of acrylonitrile(AN)and sodium styrene sulfonate(SSS)in the presence of 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate intercalated layered double hydroxides(MgAl-VBS LDHs)and transferred to acrylonitrile-styrene sulfonic acid(AN-SSA)copolymer/LDHs nanocomposites as a proton-conducting polymer electrolyte.MgAl-VBS LDHs were prepared by a coprecipitation method,and the structure and composition of MgAl-VBS LDHs were determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared spectroscopy,and elemental analysis.X-ray diffraction result of AN-SSS copolymer/LDHs nanocomposites indicated that the LDHs layers were well dispersed in the AN-SSS copolymer matrix.All the AN-SSS copolymer/LDHs nanocomposites showed significant enhancement of the decomposition temperatures compared with the pristine AN-SSS copolymer,as identified by the thermogravimetric analysis.The methanol crossover was decreased and the proton conductivity was highly enhanced for the AN-SSA copolymer/LDHs nanocomposite electrolyte systems.In the case of the nanocomposite electrolyte containing 2%(by mass)LDHs,the proton conductivity of 2.60×10 -3 S·m -1 was achieved for the polymer electrolyte.

Development of triple-layered tablets containing laxatives with a hydrophilic polymer

Constipation is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder which has caused much discomfort affecting the quality of life. The prevalence of constipation in the general population is approximately 20%(1)Various kinds of laxatives were introduced such as bulking agent, stool softener, stimulant, and osmotic agent (2)Fixed dose combination with bisacodyl as a stimulant and docusate sodium as a stool softener, Ducolax STM, was developed as enteric coated tablets targeting colon.