Chronic Subdural Hematoma Associated with an Arachnoid Cyst in Elderly, an Intraoperative Finding after Re-Bleeding: Case Report

Intracranial arachnoid cysts (AC) are believed to be congenital and chronic subdural hematomas tend to occur in elderly patients with a history of mild head injury. The association between these two entities sporadically occur in relatively young patients but rare in elderly patients. We report a 65-year-old man who presented with headache and dizziness of 2 months’ duration with a history of head injury. Brain computed tomography (CT) a CSDH in right side and a hygroma in left side. After first operation with burr holes in both sides, the patient underwent an early recurrence of acute subdural hematoma in the right side. The evacuation of this hematoma by a craniotomy allowed seeing an AC that we resected partially with complete recovery of the patient. The association CSDH/AC is rare and possible in elderly patients and there is no consensus on treatment.

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage after surgical decompression of an epencephalon arachnoid cyst: A case report

BACKGROUND This study reports the clinical presentation of intraparenchymal hemorrhage as a rare complication after surgical decompression of an intracranial epencephalon arachnoid cyst(IEAC)at the posterior cranial fossa.CASE SUMMARY The clinical information of a patient with an IEAC was reported,and the related literature was reviewed.A female patient with nausea presented to our hospital.Computed tomography demonstrated an IEAC located at the posterior cranial fossa,which was large and required surgical intervention.After operation,postoperative intraparenchymal hemorrhage was detected.She had a good recovery with conservative treatment 1 mo later.CONCLUSION Though postoperative intraparenchymal hemorrhage is rare after surgical decompression of an IEAC,more attention should be paid to such a complication.

Y-shaped shunt for the treatment of Dandy-Walker malformation combined with giant arachnoid cysts:A case report

BACKGROUND Dandy-Walker malformation(DWM)was first reported in 1914.In this case report,a pediatric case was complicated with giant and isolated arachnoid cysts in the right cerebellar hemisphere along with the typical DWM.CASE SUMMARY The patient was at 20 mo old boy,with the complaint of staggering for more than 2 mo.He was admitted to the hospital due to high intracranial pressure and staggering.At admission,the patient had typical manifestations of high intracranial pressure,including vomiting,poor appetite and feeding difficulty.Physical examination revealed increased head circumference,closed anterior fontanelle,unstable standing,staggering,leaning right while walking and ataxia.After admission,he was diagnosed with DWM accompanied by giant isolated arachnoid cysts in the posterior fossa.He underwent Y-shaped three-way valve repair for treating differential pressure between the supratentorial hydrocephalus and the subtentorial arachnoid cysts at once.The child recovered well after the surgery.CONCLUSION In this case,supratentorial and subtentorial shunts were placed,which solved the problem of differential pressure between the supratentorial and subtentorial parts simultaneously.This provides useful information regarding treatment exploration in this rare disease.

Comparative Study on Two Surgical Procedures for Middle Cranial Fossa Arachnoid Cysts

In this study, we explored the operation options for middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts （MCFAC）. One hundred and forty-nine patients who were operated for a symptomatic MCFAC between 1993 and 2006 in our hosptial were analyzed. Follow-up time ranged from 1 y to 14 y （mean=5.4 y）. All these patients were divided into three subgroups according to Galassi classification. Long-term outcome and complications were studied respectively. Fenestration （F） resulted in a more favorable long-term outcome and less complication for cysts of types I and Ⅱ, whereas a favorable outcome was noted in type Ⅲ patients who underwent cysto-peritoneal shunting （S）. We are led to conclude that Fenestration is suitable for cysts of types Ⅰ and Ⅱ （Galassi classification）, cysto-peritoneal shunting is better for cysts of type Ⅲ.

Symptomatic Extra-Dural Arachnoid Cyst

Objective: The aim of this study is to report a case of arachnoid cyst due to mass effect on the thoracic marrow. Observation: A 15-year-old patient was admitted to our institution and complaining of high back pain. Three months before he developed progressive and occasional back pain with thoracic irradiation in hemi-belt, increased by the dorsal decubitus. Neurological examination revealed a spasmodic paraplegia. The muscular strength was quoted as 2 to the left and 3 to the right on a scale of 5. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed and extradural cyst located to the dorsal spinal cord. The ablation of a voluminous translucent cyst was achieved after a vast decompressive laminectomy from the sixth to the eighth thoracic vertebra. The dural communication with the cyst was stitched. After surgery, the pain has disappeared and the neurological recovery was progressive over a period of 21 days. The diagnosis of arachnoid cyst was confirmed by histological examination. Conclusion: The extradural thoracic arachnoid cyst is a rare affection of good forecast. In the symptomatic form, the surgery as soon as possible remains the solution. The MRI keeps all its interest for the diagnostic orientation and the therapeutic strategy.

Giant Intracranial Arachnoid Cyst Causing Acute Neurologic Symptoms

Intracranial arachnoid cysts (IAC) are benign lesions containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Most of them are clinically silent and remain static in size. However some may present with mild and slow progressive symptoms caused by the cyst. The authors present the case of 54-year-old woman who presented with acute symptoms of severe headache, vomiting, and gait disturbance of 2 day’s duration. She had no history of head trauma. On admission, neurological examination revealed that the patient had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15, and a left side hemiplegia. A CT scan revealed a hypodense fluid collection in the right frontoparietal region that mimicked an arachnoid cyst. The symptoms were improved after an emergency marsupialisation via craniotomy.

Analysis of cases of self-displaced and healed shunt of arachnoid cyst and review of literature

Objective:To investigate the causes,pathogenesis and prognosis of shunt displacement in arachnoid cyst.Methods:Retrospective analysis was made on the case of the left frontal top arachnoid cyst peritoneal shunt self-extraneous and cured in our hospital in November 2019.Combined with literature review,the treatment and prognosis of shunt displacement after arachnoid cyst peritoneal shunt were discussed.Results:Arachnoid cyst disappeared children heal,clinical symptoms improved,wipe out the shift shunt,literature review arachnoid cyst peritoneal shunt tube shift and recover rare,mainly for the shunt tube distal displacement,falling in the scrotum,emergence anus,and shift to the chest,or even a heart,required reoperation processing,timely deal with good prognosis.Conclusion:Arachnoid cyst peritoneal shunt may be an effective method for the treatment of cerebral convex arachnoid cyst in children,and it also suggests that the shunt tube can be removed after the disappearance of cerebral convex arachnoid cyst.Shunt tube displacement is rare in clinic and needs timely surgical treatment.

Transforaminal endoscopic excision of bi-segmental noncommunicating spinal extradural arachnoid cysts:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Spinal extradural arachnoid cysts(SEACs)are a rare cause of spinal cord compression.Typically,these cysts communicate with the intradural subarachnoid space through a small defect in the dural sac.For symptomatic SEACs,the standard treatment is to remove the cyst in total with a(hemi)laminectomy or laminoplasty.We present a rare case of bi-segmental non-communicating SEACs and describe our experience of using an endoscopic minimal access technique to remove bi-segmental non-communicating SEACs.CASE SUMMARY A 79-year-old female presented with pain related to bi-segmental SEACs at the T11-L1 segments.She underwent sequential transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic thoracic cystectomy of the SEACs.Following her first procedure,spinal magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated complete excision of the cyst at the T12-L1 segment.However,the cyst at the T11-T12 segment was still present.Thus,a second procedure was performed to remove this lesion.The patient’s right-sided lumbar and abdominal pain improved significantly postoperatively.Her Japanese Orthopaedic Association score increased from 11 to 25,her visual analogue scale score was reduced from 8 to 1.The physical and mental component summary of the 36-item short-form health survey(SF-36)were 15.5 and 34.375 preoperatively,and had increased to 79.75 and 77.275 at the last follow-up visit,respectively.CONCLUSION Bi-segmental non-communicating SEACs are extremely rare.Endoscopic surgery is a safe,effective,and reliable method for treating these cysts.In the event of bisegmental SEACs,it is important to identify whether both cysts are communicating before surgery,and if not,to remove both cysts separately during the index surgery to avoid re-operation.

Hematoma within the Outer Membrane of the Arachnoid Cyst Located in the Middle Fossa: A Mechanism of Development of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Associated with Arachnoid Cysts

It is well known that chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) occasionally arises in patients harboring an arachnoid cyst (AC) located in the middle fossa. Although the pathogenesis of CSDH associated with ACs remains unknown, several possible mechanisms have been proposed. In many reported cases, the patients with ACs in the middle fossa would be symptomatic according to development of CSDH. A 9-year-old girl presenting with a headache, nausea, and diplopia was referred to our department. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an AC in the left-side middle fossa and ipsilateral CSDH with a remarkable mass effect. Irrigation of the CSDH, partial removal of the outer membrane of the AC and CSDH, and endoscopic cystocisternostomy were performed to relieve her symptoms. Postoperative clinical course was excellent. Histopathological examination of the outer membrane of the CSDH demonstrated an arachnoid cell layer and hemorrhage from the granulation inside the membrane, and collagen fibers outside the membrane. These findings strongly suggested that the membrane and the content of the CSDH were derived from the outer membrane of the AC, and the CSF including the hemorrhage within the membrane, respectively. Laceration and hemorrhage from granulation tissue within the outer membrane of the AC are considered as one of the developmental mechanisms of the CSDH associated with AC in the middle fossa.

Adult Posterior Cranial Fossa Arachnoid Cyst: A Case Report

Adult posterior fossa arachnoid cysts are rare lesions that are considered to be mostly congenital in origin. We present 49-year-old man admitted with a chief complaint of tremor and balance problems for the past 2 months. He had ataxia on examination. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well circumscribed midline cystic lesion of the posterior fossa sharing the same signal characteristics as cerebrospinal fluid and non-communicating to the fourth ventricle. He underwent surgical treatment for his symptomatic posterior fossa arachnoid cyst with a good outcome at 2 years follow up.

Two months old with arachnoid cyst and unusual clinical presentation

Arachnoid cysts are relatively uncommon in infancy and are incidental findings in intracranial imaging in pediatric patients. Presentation at a younger age is usually associated with cyst enlargement. Arachnoid cysts are considered to be congenital in origin but the natural history and prevalence is not well defined. Here we report a case of a 2 months old male infant with non-specific illness who was diagnosed with arachnoid cyst.

Left Temporal Lobe Arachnoid Cyst Presenting with Symptoms of Psychosis

Arachnoid cysts are uncommon benign neurological tumors,and having presentation like schizophrenia,which has been reported in association with this cyst.The presence of psychiatric disturbances of arachnoid cyst has not been clearly mentioned in the literature.Even though,the appearance of some of the references that focuses on a possible link between arachnoid cysts and psychotic symptoms.Here we present a case report of a 35-year-old man,characterized by the insidious onset of psychotic symptoms of varying intensity such as multiple physical assaults on people with stone.Due to organic suspicion one cannot exclude the possibility that the lesion played a significant role in this psychiatric presentation.

Treatment strategy of intracranial arachnoid cysts

Objective To investigate treatment strategy of intracranial arachnoid cysts. Methods 47 cases of Intracranial arachnoid cysts from Sep 1,2010 to Des 1,2010 were analyzed. 25 cases received no intervention but follow . 22 cases received operation,13 of 22 cases neuroendoscopic partial cystectomy and communication between cystic cavity and brain cistern; 7 of 22 cases cysts peritoneal shunt, 2 of 22

The neurosurgical treatment of intracranial arachnoid cysts in child

Objective Arachnoid cysts are non-arachnoid fluid collections that accout for about 1% of all intracranial space-occupying lessions. So far,the optimal method of treatment for symptomatic arachnoid cysts remains controversial. In this article,we want to find an ideal technique

The therapeutic strategies for the slit ventricle syndrome after cyst-peritoneal shunting for the temporal arachnoid cyst in children:six cases report and literatures review

Objective To investigate early diagnosis evidences,optimal therapeutic strategies and the prophylactic methods of the slit ventricle syndrome (SVS) in the temporal lobe arachnoid cysts patients who received the cyst-peritoneal(CP) shunting. Methods Six cases of SVS in the temporal lobe arachnoid cysts patients

胎儿蛛网膜囊肿磁共振随访研究

目的 探讨胎儿蛛网膜囊肿随胎龄及年龄增长而发生的形态改变及预后评估。方法 选取磁共振诊断蛛网膜囊肿18例胎儿的MRI资料及其相应产后随诊资料,通过随访对比蛛网膜囊肿部位、大小变化及周围组织关系等方面数据进行总结。结果 位于幕下蛛网膜囊肿10例,其中右侧小脑延髓池1例,四叠体池右侧1例,右侧小脑半球后方2例,小脑蚓下方偏左1例,后颅窝中线处5例。位于幕上8例,其中中间帆腔区域1例,小脑幕右上方1例,左右侧颞极各3例。18例胎儿中15例随访至生后;另3例胎儿期随访2次,产后未遵嘱随访。蛛网膜囊肿逐渐增大11例,其中后颅窝中线处仅1例增大。生后进行性脑积水4例,3例发生于偏中线处,1例位于中间帆腔区域。结论 胎儿蛛网膜囊肿因部位不同,其结局具有一定差异。部分蛛网膜囊肿有随胎龄及年龄增大趋势,偏中线处蛛网膜囊肿更容易进行性增大,胎儿期其增长速度及对邻近脑组织的受压、脑室梗阻变化相对产后变化要慢。

Arachnoiditis Ossificans of Lumbosacral Spine: a Case Report and Literature Review

ARACHNOIDITIS ossificans （AO） is a rare type of chronic arachnoiditis presence of calcification spinal arachnoid. Small characterized by the in, or ossification of the plaques of calcificationof the dura mater are frequently observed in radiography or during surgery, which are often asymptomatic and have no apparent clinical significance. AO and dura calcification should not be confused.

青年慢性硬膜下血肿的临床诊治分析

目的探讨青年(14~44岁)慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)的临床特点、治疗方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2022年12月收治的38例青年CSDH的临床资料。结果38例中,男32例,女6例;合并蛛网膜囊肿15例、凝血因子Ⅷ活性下降1例、Ⅺ因子活性下降1例;因脑积水行脑室-腹腔分流术2例;长期高血压病史2例;急性硬膜下血肿转化成CSDH有2例;15例无其它疾病。1例合并凝血因子Ⅷ活性下降,未行手术治疗且自动出院后失访;其余37例行钻孔引流术治疗,其中28例一次手术即治愈,9例首次术后复发(再次手术4例,保守治疗5例);1例术中即见脑组织完全回复,4例术后3 d内脑组织完全回复,17例术后7 d~1个月内脑组织完全回复,5例术后1个月后脑组织完全回复;术后随访1~12年,未再复发,正常生活。结论青年CSDH以男性多见,常合并有其它疾病(蛛网膜囊肿、凝血功能障碍等);治疗首选钻孔引流术,预后良好,但需重视合并疾病的治疗;合并有蛛网膜囊肿者,术后再出血率高,如无颅内压增高,可采用随访观察。

伴有视神经管骨壁缺如的颞极蛛网膜囊肿致视功能障碍一例

渐进性视功能障碍多见于屈光不正、原发性开角型青光眼、白内障、视神经视网膜遗传代谢性疾病等,少见于眶内和颅内占位性疾病。颅内蛛网膜囊肿通常是无症状的先天性良性病变,少数出现视功能障碍。视神经管骨壁缺如见于后组筛窦和蝶窦气化良好的正常人。该文报告1例59岁男性患者,因左眼视野缺损伴视物模糊1年余就诊,确诊左侧颞极蛛网膜囊肿合并视神经管骨壁缺如。笔者通过收集该患者的病史、影像学资料和视功能检查结果,分析其出现视功能障碍的机制。

显微手术治疗椎管内硬膜外蛛网膜囊肿的临床研究

目的探讨显微手术治疗椎管内硬膜外蛛网膜囊肿的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析24例椎管内蛛网膜囊肿患者的临床资料,包括临床表现及影像学资料、治疗方式、治疗效果及术后随访。结果无一例囊肿复发,临床症状改善明显。结论椎管内蛛网膜囊肿通过显微手术治疗可取得良好临床效果。