Plasma-induced graft polymerization on the surface of aramid fabrics with improved omniphobicity and washing durability

Durable superomniphobic surfaces are desirable for their practical applications,including selfcleaning,non-fouling,protective clothing and the separation of liquids.The plasma-induced polymerization of environmentally friendly C6 from a perfluoralkyl methlacrylate copolymer emulsion,AG-E081,was performed and a durable omniphobic fabric was achieved.C6 is an ecological alternative to C8(eight CF2 groups)fluorinated compounds,and it was thereafter successfully incorporated into aramid fabric to achieve a durable superomniphobic surface.The fabric became water and oil repellent with an extremely high water contact angle of 180°.As tested by the water spray AATCC test and hydrocarbon resistance test,the as-prepared fabric gained 100°(ISO 5)and grade number 4 respectively.Furthermore,the fabrics also showed significantly improved washing durability after ten washing cycles.By scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)tests,it is indicated that the durable superomniphobicity can be attributed to the roughness and activation of the aramid surface by the plasma pre-treatment,which induces more adsorption and chemical graft of the C6 copolymer.

Effects of ply orientation and material on the ballistic impact behavior of multilayer plain-weave aramid fabric targets

Virtual testing of fabric armor provides an efficient and inexpensive means of systematically studying the influence of various architectural and material parameters on the ballistic impact behavior of woven fabrics, before actual laboratory prototypes are woven and destructively tested. In this finite element study, the combined effects of individual ply orientations and material properties on the impact performance of multi-layered, non-stitched woven aramid fabrics are studied using 2-and 4-sided clamping configurations. Individual ply orientations of 0°, ±15°, ±30°, and ±45° are considered along with three levels of inter-yarn friction coefficient. Functionally graded fabric targets are also considered wherein the yarn stiffness progressively increases or decreases through the target thickness while keeping the yarn strain energy density constant and with all other material and architectural parameters unchanged for consistency. For each target configuration, one non-penetrating and one penetrating impact velocity is chosen. The impact performance is evaluated by the time taken to arrest the projectile and the backface deformation for the non-penetrating impacts, and by the residual velocity for the penetrating impact tests. All deterministic impact simulations are performed using LS-DYNA. 2-sided clamped targets and lower inter-yarn frictional levels generally resulted in better impact performance.The functionally graded targets generally showed either similar or inferior impact performance than the baseline fabric target configurations for the non-penetrating shots. Some performance improvements were observed for the penetrating shots when the yarn stiffness was progressively decreased through the layers in a direction away from the strike face, with additional performance enhancements achieved by simultaneously reducing the inter-yarn friction.

Effect of the Weaving Density of Aramid Fabrics on Their Resistance to Ballistic Impacts

Two Heracron? woven fabrics, HT600-1 and HT600-2, were fabricated with different weaving densities and their resistance to ballistic impact was investigated. While HT600-1 was inherently stronger along the weft than HT600-2, the latter exhibited a higher tensile strength along the warp. Crimp values indicate that HT600-1, which possesses a relatively larger weft weaving density, induces an excess in the warp crimp ratio, thereby weakening the fabric along the warp. The dimensionless fiber property U*, which is defined as the product of the specific fiber toughness and the strain wave velocity, was calculated for each fabric. The U* values of HT600-1 were lower than those of HT600-2;U* values along the warp of HT600-1 were extremely low. These analyses show that HT600-2 exhibited improved ballistic properties over those of HT600-1. These findings further indicate the existence of an optimal weave that would minimize damage to both yarn and fabric. Establishing these optimal conditions can be crucial in implementing better ballistic properties into fabrics.

Comparative Study of Polypropylene Non-Woven Surgical Mask and Locally Manufactured Woven and Knitted Fabrics Facial Masks

The outbreak of coronavirus has led to an increase in the demand for facemasks globally. Unavailability of appropriate polypropylene non-woven fabrics face masks as a result of inadequate supply to satisfy the growing population has brought about the manufacturing of locally fabrics masks to augment or substitute standard medical class facemasks. The study aims at analyzing airflow of these locally manufactured fabrics to determine possible means of transmitting the virus as well as establish comfort of the user of these masks. Standard polypropylene non-woven, woven and knitted fabrics were considered for the study. Air permeability test was conducted on these fabrics using Frazier Air permeability tester. Depending on the property significant variation in the textile fabrics, polypropylene non-woven is widely accepted for facial masks. Nevertheless, this study illustrates that woven and knitted fabrics have more open structures, which allow a high rate of air penetration and so may require two or three layers to prevent antimicrobial or antiviral potential.

Effect of Aramid/Carbon Hybrid on the Tensile Properties of Multilayered Biaxial Weft Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composites

The effects of aramid/carbon on tensile properties of multilayered biaxial weft knitted( MBWK) fabric reinforced composites are analyzed by experiments. The tensile tests are inducted by the SHIMADZU AG-250 KNE universal material testing machine and Aramis V6 digital image correlation( DIC) technique.More specifically,the composite samples own four hybrid ratios(Na∶ Nc= 12∶ 0,8 ∶ 4,6 ∶ 6 and 4 ∶ 8). The results showed that the aramid/carbon hybrid MBWK fabric reinforced composites showed nearly linear response until reaching the maximum load and the inserting yarns distribution on the surface of MBWK fabrics reinforced composites had a great influence on the strain pattern distribution. Besides,the tensile strength,the tensile modulus and the elongation at breakage of 0° samples and 90° samples increased with the decreasing of aramid/carbon hybrid ratio. In a word,the changes of tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at breakage have a lot to do with the difference of aramid/carbon hybrid ratio.

A Cell-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method for Modal Analysis of Non-Woven Fabrics

The combination of a 4-node quadrilateral mixed interpolation of tensorial components element(MITC4)and the cell-based smoothed finite element method(CSFEM)was formulated and implemented in this work for the analysis of free vibration and unidirectional buckling of shell structures.This formulation was applied to numerous numerical examples of non-woven fabrics.As CSFEM schemes do not require coordinate transformation,spurious modes and numerical instabilities are prevented using bilinear quadrilateral element subdivided into two,three and four smoothing cells.An improvement of the original CSFEM formulation was made regarding the calculation of outward unit normal vectors,which allowed to remove the integral operator in the strain smoothing operation.This procedure conducted both to the simplification of the developed formulation and the reduction of computational cost.A wide range of values for the thickness-to-length ratio and edge boundary conditions were analysed.The developed numerical model proved to overcome the shear locking phenomenon with success,revealing both reduced implementation effort and computational cost in comparison to the conventional FEM approach.The cell-based strain smoothing technique used in this work yields accurate results and generally attains higher convergence rate in energy at low computational cost.

Preparation of UV-curable Nano-silver Antimicrobial Agent and Its Application in Non-woven Fabric

Nano-silver and waterborne polyurethane(WPU)composite emulsion was synthesized.The average diameter of silver nanoparticles(SNPs)was about 20 nm,and the average diameter of WPU was 101.32 nm.The anti-bacteria finishing of a polypropylene non-woven fabric(NWF)was carried out by ultraviolet finishing technology and the double dipping twin-roll method.The standard AATCC100 was used to test the antimicrobial activity of the samples.The results showed that the antimicrobial rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were above 90%,which indicated that the NWF finishing had good antimicrobial activity.In addition,the thermal stability,mechanical properties,whiteness and contact angle of antimicrobial finishing nonwovens were characterized.The results showed that the performance of antimicrobial nonwovens was stable at 300℃.The breaking strength was better than that of untreated nonwovens,and the contact angle reached 119.1°.

Beijing Dayuan Non-woven Fabric Co.Ltd

Situated in the Shilong Industrial District of Mentougou, Beijing, the Beijing Dayuan Non-woven Fabric Co. Ltd is a Sino-foreign joint venture producing non-woven fabrics, set up in 1991.

Laser-Induced Graphene Conductive Fabric Decorated with Copper Nanoparticles for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Application

To meet the demands for flexible electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials,a type of conductive fabric is prepared by generating three-dimensional(3D)porous laser-induced graphene(LIG)in situ on the surface of the aramid fabric(AF)and then electroless plating copper.After LIG treatment,the porous AF demonstrates admirable conductivity due to the generation of graphene.The superior surface resistance of the conductive fabric can reach 1.57Ω/sq after copper deposition,and the average EMI shielding effectiveness(SE)can reach 34.3 dB in a frequency range of 8.2 to 12.4 GHz,with the EMW absorption accounting for about 80%.The proposed technology provides a new idea for preparation of flexible EMI shielding materials.

A STUDY OF THE SPECIMEN SIZE OF STRIP TENSILE TEST FOR NEEDLE-PUNCHED NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

In this paper,the failure features of strip tensile specimen were observed and analysed for need-le-punched non-woven geotextiles.A mechanical model which expresses the relation between thetensile modulus,the strip specimen size,contraction factor and the tensile strength of non-wovenfabric was derived.The theoretical prediction showed that the main factor influencing tensilestrength of non-woven geotextile specimens with different size is the contraction factor of specimenor the specimen aspect ratio(width/length).The larger the aspect ratio,the higher the tensilestrength test value of geotextiles,but the experiments showed that the specimen tensile strength isnot increased with increasing the width of specimen.The reason was discussed and it seemed thatthe deviation could be served as an indication of the degree of imperfectness of the non-wovenstructure.

Relationships between the Processing Parameters of Melt Blown Nonwoven Fabric and Its Structure and Filtration Property

Based on the processing experiment and sodium flame test this paper deals with the relationship between processing parameters, structure, and filtration property of melt blown fabric. Through the image analysis of Questar micro-images in combination with the SEM observation and the measurement of some macrostructure indices, the relationship between the processing parameters and the structure especially the microstructure is emphasized Finally the effect of somestructure factors on filtration properties is discussed theoretically.

Fabric Structure for Moisture Retention Property and Its Application in Civil Engineering

The article reveals the development and analysis of fabric structure for its moisture absorbency property and its application in Civil engineering for curing of concrete. The presence of moisture in concrete and time of curing are the major influencing factors for concrete strength. Normal practice of curing is to wrap the concrete with jute woven fabric and spraying of water. The absorbency characteristics of different GSM (Gram per square meter) of woven and Non-woven fabric were studied. The Non-woven fabric absorbency is superior to woven fabric of same GSM by its three dimensional structure and high pore volume. The strength of concrete cured with Non- woven fabric is 2.1 N/mm2 higher than woven fabric of same 350 GSM. The difference in compressive strength of Non-woven fabric of 350 GSM and 750 GSM is 0.06 N/mm2 which is marginal.

Cost analysis and comparison of plain cotton and disposable non-woven treatment towels

Objective: To choose a reasonably priced and low-cost treatment towel suitable for clinical application of hospital so as to reduce the cost of the hospital and make a reasonable use of resources through the cost analysis and comparison of the plain cotton and disposable non-woven treatment towels. Methods: The cost of the single pack plain cotton towel and disposable non-woven towel were analyzed and at the same time, 49185 packs of plain cotton towels which were the total consumption quantity of our hospital in 2017 and the same quantity of disposable non-woven towers were analyzed in the cost for comparison. Results:A single pack of disposable non-woven towel was RMB 2.50 cheaper than the plain cotton towel and the use of disposable non-woven towel can save the cost of RMB 2.50 per pack. In 2017, 49185 packs of plain cotton towel were used in total, which cost RMB 122962.50 less than the same quantity of disposable non-woven towels and using the disposable non-woven towel could save RMB 122962.50 annually. Conclusion: Compared with the plain cotton towel, the non-woven shares the advantages of none flocculation, longer storage time and better antibacterial effect as well as the material, cleaning and labor costs-saving. The cost of the disposable non-woven treatment towel is lower than that of the reusable plain cotton towel. Therefore, it is recommended to use the disposable non-woven treatment towel.

芳纶编织物在高载荷下的使用寿命预测

针对预测芳纶绳带在降落伞上的使用寿命常采用半经验的方法,缺乏理论依据。通过研究高载荷下25-600型芳纶1414绳带蠕变行为和抗冲击性能,分别得到芳纶1414绳带载荷大小与蠕变断裂时间之间的拟合曲线和冲击强度与冲击次数之间的拟合曲线,用于预测其在高载荷下的使用寿命,并测定绳带试验前后的取向度和结晶度。结果表明:在蠕变过程中载荷大小与蠕变时间对数呈函数关系,其中单层和单圈两层绳带的拟合方程分别为ln t=33.65-0.33σ和ln t=32.45-0.31σ;冲击模型的斜率与截距均与蠕变模型呈2倍的关系,当样品承受相同载荷时,蠕变断裂时间对数与冲击次数之间的关系为ln t=An-B,即可用冲击次数预测绳带的蠕变断裂时间,反之亦然。芳纶1414绳带蠕变和冲击前后的取向度与结晶度表明,在相同载荷下,蠕变和冲击对绳带的损伤效果相同,这进一步证明25-600型芳纶1414绳带蠕变性能与冲击性能之间高度联系。

弹道冲击下石墨烯和聚乙烯改性芳纶织物的钝伤防护性能

芳纶凭借其轻质高强的特点广泛应用于防弹领域。为提高单层芳纶织物的抗钝伤能力,采用热塑性树脂聚乙烯(Polythene,PE)与石墨烯纳米粒子表面改性方法提升芳纶织物的抗钝伤性能。以背衬凹陷为标准,对不同质量配比改性芳纶织物的抗钝伤能力和能量吸收特性进行测试对比。对比结果表明:石墨烯和PE两种改性方法均可提升芳纶织物的抗钝伤能力,其中PE改性方法使得改性织物面密度增加较小但抗钝伤能力显著提升,10%PE的防弹能力和比吸能值较纯芳纶分别提升了18.0%和30.8%;石墨烯改性织物刚性的增加使其低速抗钝伤能力增强,但是过大的纱线间摩擦使其高速防护能力减弱,2%石墨烯粉体为石墨烯改性织物的最佳配比。此外,优化验证得到了2层10%PE和13层的6层正交超高分子量PE无纬布防弹衣组合设计。

芳纶1313织物分散染料载体染色及载体的循环再利用

将自制环保载体GY用于芳纶1313织物分散染料载体染色。分析了该自制环保载体GY对分散染料溶解度的影响;探讨了载体用量、染色温度、保温时间、pH及扩散剂NNO用量等因素对染色性能的影响,测试了染色织物的耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度和耐日晒色牢度,评估了该环保载体GY的循环再利用性能。结果表明,该环保载体GY提高了分散染料在水中的溶解度;在染料用量为2%(omf)、浴比为1∶25的条件下,载体染色优化工艺为:载体30 g/L、染色温度130℃、保温时间60 min、pH 5、扩散剂NNO 1 g/L。3种分散染料染色芳纶1313织物的耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度均在4级以上,耐日晒色牢度为2~3级。自制环保载体GY经过5次循环染色使用后,颜色特征值变化很小,色差ΔE的波动幅度小于1。

防刺树脂胶黏剂配方优化与改进研究

现有的防刺树脂胶黏剂在夏季高温环境中进行芳纶防刺无纬布的织造时会有干燥过快的缺点,导致芳纶防刺无纬布单片以及双片出现散片、拉毛等现象,同时在布面上留下较大的胶粒,严重影响车间正常生产效率、防刺无纬布表观质量及其防刺性能。对防刺树脂胶黏剂配方进行优化与改进研究,结果表明,按照质量分数75.00%聚氨酯A、质量分数20.00%聚丙烯酸酯B、质量分数2.50%稳定剂C1、质量分数2.50%树脂D的配方比制得的防刺树脂胶黏剂具有极佳的稳定性,制得的芳纶防刺无纬布的防刺性能最优,具有极大的安全裕度,并且织造得到的芳纶防刺无纬布表观平整、光滑、无明显胶粒,织造过程中无散片、拉毛等现象出现,生产效率及产品质量得到保障。

磷-硅涂层对芳纶1313/聚酰亚胺织物阻燃性能的影响

为进一步提高消防服外层织物的阻燃性能,采用芳纶1313和聚酰亚胺织造3/1斜纹机织物,并配制聚磷酸铵和纳米二氧化硅复合阻燃剂对其进行功能化修饰。测试结果表明,配制的阻燃剂涂料,能够有效提高试样的阻燃性能,LOI值提高到了35.1%,热释放量下降了70.69%,烟释放量降低了98.84%。所制备的涂层织物可应用于消防服外层,提高消防服的热防护性能。

落石冲击下背贴纤维布的棚洞板缓冲效果研究

为了减小落石灾害对山区构筑物造成的危害,考虑在钢筋混凝土棚洞板板底粘贴纤维加固材料,搭设了模拟落石冲击钢筋混凝土棚洞板的试验平台,通过对比混凝土板底粘贴碳纤维布、芳纶布和无措施三组试验的现象、加速度、支座反力等分析纤维加固材料的防护效果。试验结果表明:混凝土板底粘贴纤维加固材料,有效降低了冲击落锤加速度最大值,延长了冲击破坏力传播的时间,且有效地阻止了落锤冲击崩坏区的混凝土碎块飞溅;背贴碳纤维布的混凝土板抵抗破坏效果优于背贴芳纶布的。

芳纶平纹织物单纱抽拔力学性能分析

为探究芳纶平纹织物抽拔力峰值和横向预张力受各因素影响机制和变化规律,通过在电子万能试验机上加装自主设计的快速对中夹具和力传感器,进行了以横向预张力、抽拔速度、试样规格和纱线类型为变量的单纱抽拔实验。结果表明:抽拔力和横向预张力在抽拔过程中发生同频率零相位差的震荡下降,抽拔力峰值与抽拔纱线的交织点数量、交织点处的张力和变形程度呈正比关系;当初始横向预张力从100 N增加至400 N时,抽拔力峰值从5.63 N增加至10.58 N,横向预张力的上升值降低,下降值增加;当织物纵向长度从30 mm递增至110 mm时,抽拔力峰值增加,峰值增幅降低;抽拔过程中,横向预张力的上升值和下降值都随着织物纵向长度的增加而增加;纱线织造密度越小,预紧后的卷曲程度越高,抽拔力峰值越大。