Negative Norm Estimates for Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations

In this paper,we present the negative norm estimates for the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian discontinuous Galerkin(ALE-DG)method solving nonlinear hyperbolic equations with smooth solutions.The smoothness-increasing accuracy-conserving(SIAC)filter is a post-processing technique to enhance the accuracy of the discontinuous Galerkin(DG)solutions.This work is the essential step to extend the SIAC filter to the moving mesh for nonlinear problems.By the post-processing theory,the negative norm estimates are vital to get the superconvergence error estimates of the solutions after post-processing in the L2 norm.Although the SIAC filter has been extended to nonuniform mesh,the analysis of fil-tered solutions on the nonuniform mesh is complicated.We prove superconvergence error estimates in the negative norm for the ALE-DG method on moving meshes.The main dif-ficulties of the analysis are the terms in the ALE-DG scheme brought by the grid velocity field,and the time-dependent function space.The mapping from time-dependent cells to reference cells is very crucial in the proof.The numerical results also confirm the theoreti-cal proof.

Single-Step Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Discontinuous Galerkin Method for 1-D Euler Equations

We propose an explicit,single-step discontinuous Galerkin method on moving grids using the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach for one-dimensional Euler equations.The grid is moved with the local fluid velocity modified by some smoothing,which is found to con-siderably reduce the numerical dissipation introduced by Riemann solvers.The scheme preserves constant states for any mesh motion and we also study its positivity preservation property.Local grid refinement and coarsening are performed to maintain the mesh qual-ity and avoid the appearance of very small or large cells.Second,higher order methods are developed and several test cases are provided to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed scheme.

A hybrid subcell-remapping algorithm for staggered multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian methods

A new flux-based hybrid subcell-remapping algorithm for staggered multimaterial arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MMALE) methods is presented. This new method is an effective generalization of the original subcell-remapping method to the multi-material regime (LOUBERE, R. and SHASHKOV,M. A subcell remapping method on staggered polygonal grids for arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian methods. Journal of Computational Physics, 209, 105–138 (2005)). A complete remapping procedure of all fluid quantities is described detailedly in this paper. In the pure material regions, remapping of mass and internal energy is performed by using the original subcell-remapping method. In the regions near the material interfaces, remapping of mass and internal energy is performed with the intersection-based fluxes where intersections are performed between the swept regions and pure material polygons in the Lagrangian mesh, and an approximate approach is then introduced for constructing the subcell mass fluxes. In remapping of the subcell momentum, the mass fluxes are used to construct the momentum fluxes by multiplying a reconstructed velocity in the swept region. The nodal velocity is then conservatively recovered. Some numerical examples simulated in the full MMALE regime and several purely cyclic remapping examples are presented to prove the properties of the remapping method.

Simulation of sheet metal extrusion processes with Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method

An Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE) method was employed to simulate the sheet metal extrusion process,aiming at avoiding mesh distortion and improving the computational accuracy.The method was implemented based on MSC/MARC by using a fractional step method,i.e.a Lagrangian step followed by an Euler step.The Lagrangian step was a pure updated Lagrangian calculation and the Euler step was performed using mesh smoothing and remapping scheme.Due to the extreme distortion of deformation domain,it was almost impossible to complete the whole simulation with only one mesh topology.Therefore,global remeshing combined with the ALE method was used in the simulation work.Based on the numerical model of the process,some deformation features of the sheet metal extrusion process,such as distribution of localized equivalent plastic strain,and shrinkage cavity,were revealed.Furthermore,the differences between conventional extrusion and sheet metal extrusion process were also analyzed.

Least Square Finite Element Model for Analysis of Multilayered Composite Plates under Arbitrary Boundary Conditions

Laminated composites are widely used in many engineering industries such as aircraft, spacecraft, boat hulls, racing car bodies, and storage tanks. We analyze the 3D deformations of a multilayered, linear elastic, anisotropic rectangular plate subjected to arbitrary boundary conditions on one edge and simply supported on other edge. The rectangular laminate consists of anisotropic and homogeneous laminae of arbitrary thicknesses. This study presents the elastic analysis of laminated composite plates subjected to sinusoidal mechanical loading under arbitrary boundary conditions. Least square finite element solutions for displacements and stresses are investigated using a mathematical model, called a state-space model, which allows us to simultaneously solve for these field variables in the composite structure’s domain and ensure that continuity conditions are satisfied at layer interfaces. The governing equations are derived from this model using a numerical technique called the least-squares finite element method (LSFEM). These LSFEMs seek to minimize the squares of the governing equations and the associated side conditions residuals over the computational domain. The model is comprised of layerwise variables such as displacements, out-of-plane stresses, and in- plane strains, treated as independent variables. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the response of the laminated composite plates under various arbitrary boundary conditions using LSFEM and compared with the 3D elasticity solution available in the literature.

Efficient modeling of cable-pulley system with friction based on arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian approach

In conventional modeling of a cable-pulley system, the cable must be finely meshed with Lagrangian elements for valid contact detections with pulleys, leading to extremely low efficiency. The sliding joint method based on the arbitrary-Lagrangian- Eulerian （ALE） formulation still lacks an efficient cable element, and in particular, modeling of friction between a sliding joint and the cable has not been studied. This paper presents efficient multi-body modeling of a cable-pulley system with friction. A variable- length cable element with a node movable along the cable, which is described with ALE, is developed to mesh the cable. A transitional cable element is then proposed to model the contact part of the cable by fixing its two nodes to the two corresponding locations of the pulley. Friction of the cable-pulley is derived as a simple law of tension decay and embedded in the multi-body system modeling. It is simplified as a generalized friction force acting only on the arc-length coordinate. This approach can use a rough mesh on the cable, and is free of contact detections, thus significantly saving computation time. Several examples are presented to validate the proposed method, and show its effectiveness in real engineering applications.

A numerical study of passenger side airbag deployment based on arbitrary Lagrangian-eulerian method

The passenger side airbags(PAB)are usually larger than the driver airbags.Therefore,the inflator of PAB is more powerful with high mass rate.In this paper,an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)method based computational method is developed to simulate the deployment of a PAB.The tank test is used to test the property of the inflator.Through comparison of numerical and experimental results,the ALE method is validated.Based on a failed airbag test,a smaller sub-airbag is placed inside PAB to disperse the gas flow to directions which are less damaging.By applying dynamic relaxation,the initial mesh corresponding to the experimental terms is obtained.The results indicate that the interior pressure and impact force coincide with the test data,and the method in this paper is capable of capturing airbag deploying process of the PAB module accurately.

Hybrid Approach for Privacy Enhancement in Data Mining Using Arbitrariness and Perturbation

Imagine numerous clients,each with personal data;individual inputs are severely corrupt,and a server only concerns the collective,statistically essential facets of this data.In several data mining methods,privacy has become highly critical.As a result,various privacy-preserving data analysis technologies have emerged.Hence,we use the randomization process to reconstruct composite data attributes accurately.Also,we use privacy measures to estimate how much deception is required to guarantee privacy.There are several viable privacy protections;however,determining which one is the best is still a work in progress.This paper discusses the difficulty of measuring privacy while also offering numerous random sampling procedures and statistical and categorized data results.Further-more,this paper investigates the use of arbitrary nature with perturbations in privacy preservation.According to the research,arbitrary objects(most notably random matrices)have"predicted"frequency patterns.It shows how to recover crucial information from a sample damaged by a random number using an arbi-trary lattice spectral selection strategy.Thisfiltration system's conceptual frame-work posits,and extensive practicalfindings indicate that sparse data distortions preserve relatively modest privacy protection in various situations.As a result,the research framework is efficient and effective in maintaining data privacy and security.

Arbitrary Decode-Forward Relaying with Re-Encoded Bits Selection Strategy for Polar Codes

In this paper,we propose an arbitrary decode-forward single-relay scheme for finite blocklength polar codes,which can be applied to the general symmetric discrete memoryless relay channel with orthogonal receiver components.The relay node decodes the received message.The relay node selectively re-encodes the message and transmits it to the destination node.Furthermore,in order to minimize the upper-bound of the block error probability,we propose a selection strategy to decide the proper re-encoded bit set by the relay.Simulation results are presented to illustrate the improvement in decoding performance of the proposed scheme compared to conventional relay schemes in both additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)channel and Rayleigh fading channel(RFC).

收放伞绳对十字型伞静态气动特性影响的数值模拟研究

为研究十字型降落伞作为主动控制装置时,其可控性与气动特性的规律,建立了不同伞绳收缩比δ为0、10.0%、12.5%、15.0%、20.0%、25.0%时十字型伞无限质量充气的有限元模型,基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法进行数值模拟,分析了十字型降落伞收缩伞绳,引起伞面几何构型不对称对气动特性的影响.结果表明:不同攻角为0°、5°、10°时,十字型降落伞的平均阻力系数随伞绳收缩比δ的增大而减小;十字型伞的瞬时升力峰值随着伞绳收缩比δ的增加而增大,方向始终由伞绳收缩一侧指向另一侧,具有较强的时变特性.

任意起伏地形下重力异常三维正演及并行计算

为了进一步提高空间-波数域三维重力异常正演算法的适用范围和计算效率,本文采用任意傅里叶变换算法实现了空间-波数域三维重力异常正演,且在NVIDIA CUDA平台上进行CPU-GPU并行加速.任意傅里叶变换算法的基本思想是将二维傅里叶变换转化为两个一维傅里叶变换,一维傅里叶变换积分离散为多个单元积分累加和,离散单元中原函数采用二次插值形函数拟合,求出单元积分的解析表达式.相比现有的傅里叶变换算法,新方法具有采样灵活、积分精度高、计算速度快和傅里叶变换的截断效应小等优势.利用空间-波数域算法的高度并行性,采用CPU并行求解常微分方程,GPU并行计算任意傅里叶变换,实现了CPU-GPU并行加速方案,进一步提升了本文算法效率.利用常密度模型,对比数值解和解析解,结果表明本文算法正确;利用变密度模型对比了任意傅里叶变换算法与高斯快速傅里叶变换算法的计算效率与精度,在相近的数值精度下,本文算法波数选取少,效率高;测试CPU-GPU并行效果,结果表明相比CPU串行算法,CPU-GPU并行算法的计算效率大大提升,千万数量级节点数模型正演仅耗时数秒.最后利用实际地形数据进行三维重力异常场数值模拟,证明了新方法的高效性与实用性,对实现大规模复杂条件下重力异常精细化反演成像与综合解释有重要意义.

水-空气耦合介质中冰载荷对闸墩的撞击影响研究

西北干寒地区长距离输水工程中河道修建的闸墩受到冰载荷撞击破坏,为确保冬季安全稳定供水,需进行冰载荷对闸墩撞击破坏力学特性研究。该文采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉(arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian, ALE)流固耦合(fluid structure interaction, FSI)方法模拟不同碰撞工况下冰体楔入闸墩碰撞过程,并通过对比实验,验证了冰材料模型参数和ALE算法的适用性,分析了网格尺寸对撞击力的影响。研究结果表明:计算得到冰载荷对闸墩撞击力极值与实验值具有良好的吻合性,表明该模拟所采用的冰材料模型参数、ALE算法和网格尺寸能够较准确模拟冰载荷对闸墩的作用力;闸墩损伤变形与冰排破损主要集中在碰撞接触区,接触区撞击力大小受到“水垫效应”的影响,空气介质对撞击力影响较小;不同冰厚和冰速工况下撞击力时程曲线呈现“Sawtooth”(上下波动)现象,撞击力加载-卸载时间较短;冰排楔入闸墩的过程中,撞击力极值出现在0°正碰接触区,在冰速1.2 m/s~3.0 m/s范围内,撞击力逐渐减小,在不改变冰速工况下,随着冰厚的增加,墩体结构响应越大,冰速和冰厚两种影响工况下闸墩顶端位移均为周期性振动。其仿真结果拟为西北干寒地区冰期河道中墩体结构安全提供指导。

荀子不是任意说的中国总代表——基于体认语言学的思考

语言具有像似性还是任意性,这一争论由来已久。随着认知语言学和体认语言学的流行,学界现已普遍接受像似性的观点。在索绪尔结构主义语言学中的任意说传入我国后,学界有人寻找我国先哲以作呼应,如将荀子在《正名篇》中所言“名无固宜……”引为佐证,误把他视为索氏任意说的中国总代表。经过多年的研读和思考,我们发现这是一个严重的误读,荀子在这篇文章中阐发的论点其实是当今体认语言学所提出的体认观和像似性之先声。本文从5个方面批评了学界所谓“荀子是任意说的中国总代表”的观点,以期为荀子正名,倡导“我思故我云”之研究风尚。

河北孟村方言疑问代词的非疑问用法

与普通话的疑问代词非疑问用法相比,孟村方言的疑问代词非疑问用法有自己的特色。表全指时,孟村方言采用三种方式:直接用疑问代词、疑问代词重叠和加不定性标记“任”。它们与表示无条件意义的连词(称为前项关联词)、副词“都”和“也”(称为后项关联词)共现情况不一样:第一种表达方式能构成A、B、C三种句式,第二、三种方式能构成C、D两种句式。第二、三种方式限于“谁”“哪”“嘛(儿)”三个单音节疑问代词,组合能力受限。表借指时,孟村方言“总=么”出现在列举项之前,总括所有的同类项。表虚指和独用的“总=么着”“总=着”有一些用法是普通话所没有的,“总=么着”表示用于指称当前的某种情状,强调该情状符合自己的预期。

船舶结构碰撞试验及简化数值计算方法

[目的]采用流固耦合计算方法虽能较好地模拟船舶碰撞过程,但计算时间较长,为此,提出一种简化的数值计算方法。[方法]以某船的局部舱段为对象,开展多工况水上碰撞试验。采用力传感器和基于高速摄影技术非接触测量的方法获得到碰撞力及碰撞船的运动时程数据,通过对碰撞接触力和加速度响应等数据进行分析,并针对试验过程开展任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)流固耦合数值计算分析,提出将碰撞过程中水域对撞击船的影响简化为等效质量,将对被撞船的影响简化为等效阻力,以面力的形式作用于被撞船非撞击侧用以阻碍被撞船运动的简化方法,然后基于此简化方法开展不涉及水域与结构耦合过程的数值计算。[结果]结果显示,采用简化计算方法得到的各工况的碰撞力峰值与试验值间的误差均在5%以内,且该方法所需要的计算时长远小于ALE流固耦合算法。[结论]所提简化数值计算方法可为实现船舶结构碰撞响应的高效计算提供一定的参考。

基于模板CAD模型的任意位姿注塑件抛光轨迹生成与重用方法研究

目的提高注塑零件机器人抛光轨迹的生成效率和柔性。方法以注塑件毛边抛光为对象,首先根据已知的模板CAD模型信息建立局部坐标系,并提取抛光特征线及抛光区域,通过等距截面法计算生成一系列加工轨迹点。为了提高抛光轨迹的生成效率,提出根据模型特征直接计算同类产品加工轨迹的方法,实现相似模型产品抛光轨迹的重用。然后,利用多线结构光技术快速测量当前位姿下的零件三维信息,通过三维点云匹配方法计算出任意当前位姿下的零件模型与模板CAD模型之间的转换关系。最后,结合手眼标定结果,计算出任意位姿零件的机器人抛光轨迹。结果以注塑件毛边抛光为例,进行模拟仿真和实验验证,结果表明,文中提出的方法只需单次测量即可计算出待加工零件的抛光轨迹,避免了在线完整物体的重构,使得物体测量和轨迹计算效率得到显著提高。此外,通过点云匹配与手眼标定方法,可完成任意位姿零件抛光轨迹的计算。结论文中提出的方法能够实现基于CAD模型的机器人抛光轨迹高效生成和重用,通过轨迹转换可实现任意位姿的轨迹计算,提高了机器人抛光轨迹生成的效率和柔性。

系统收敛时间和攻击角度控制的滑模导引律

针对打击机动目标带攻击角度约束的导引律设计问题,采用滑模控制理论、任意收敛时间控制方法和干扰观测器,设计了一种攻击角度和收敛时间控制的导引律。根据弹目相对运动关系,将目标机动和建模误差等视为干扰,构建了考虑攻击角度约束的制导系统状态方程。分析了任意收敛时间控制方法在干扰情况下的性能,采用滑模控制和干扰观测器对任意收敛时间控制方法进行改进,提升鲁棒性。将该方法用于滑模面和趋近律设计中,采用干扰观测器对系统扰动进行估计,基于滑模控制理论,结合制导控制系统状态方程,推导出了收敛时间和攻击角度可控的滑模导引律。相比有限时间收敛导引律,该导引律的收敛时间和攻击角度可直接设定,无需根据制导参数计算。设置不同的目标机动方式以及不同的攻击角度和收敛时间,进行了多场景的数值仿真。结果表明,所提导引律能够有效实现攻击角度和收敛时间控制,并精确命中目标,同时相比现有导引律其制导性能更佳。

水下中远场爆炸冲击波作用下航行体表面动态响应分析

针对水下中远场爆炸作用下航行体表面动态响应复杂、预测困难的问题,基于任意欧拉-拉格朗日数值算法,考虑自由面对冲击波反射的影响,利用爆炸相似理论细化模型网格,运用有限元软件对水下爆炸模型进行求解。分析冲击波作用下航行体表面动态应力峰值出现的时间和区域,并对其动态响应随当量、爆距及水深的变化规律进行研究。利用数值拟合方法得到航行体表面动态应力方程,并通过决定系数验证其可靠性,在定当量、爆距情况下可直接求解其动态应力。研究结果表明:当量增加,动态应力在相同爆距区间内衰减速率增大;爆距增大,动态应力在相同当量区间内增长速率降低;深度每下降100 m,动态应力增长20 MPa左右。所得研究结果可为中远场水下爆炸作用下航行体安全防护和抗冲击研究提供一定参考。

文本核重建与扩展实现任意形状文本检测

基于分割的方法对自然场景中的文本进行像素级预测,大幅度提升了对任意形状文本的检测效果,但是如何有效分离相邻文本仍然是检测中的难题。目前广泛采用的方法是通过缩小文本注释边界得到文本核来分离相邻文本。然而,网络预测文本核时舍弃了文本核外大部分信息,降低了基于分割的文本检测方法的性能。为了解决这个问题,提出了一种文本核重建算法,将文本核的生成放在后处理阶段,通过网络预测的方向场将文本实例向内收缩形成文本核。同时,提出了一种文本核扩展算法用于将文本核恢复为完整的文本实例。实验表明,所提方法在Total-Text(88.66%)、CTW-1500(87.28%)和MSRA-TD500(90.65%)三个数据集上取得了相似或最好的检测性能。

任意分布ST方法及其在随机场线耦合中的应用

随机测试(ST)方法是一种不确定性量化方法,已有的ST方法还不能处理具有任意分布随机变量的情况。通过Gram-Schmidt正交化算法为任意分布随机变量构建混沌多项式基底,对ST方法进行拓展,使其可用于任意分布随机变量的情况。将拓展后的ST方法用于传输线场线耦合分析中。在场线耦合的计算中,由于辐射场的不确定性,入射波极化角、方位角与仰角存在不确定性,因此传输线的响应也呈现出不确定性,导致随机场线耦合问题。针对输入参数服从任意分布的情况,应用ST方法对传输线场线耦合响应进行不确定性量化。对模型的输出响应进行多项式混沌展开,通过求解展开系数得到模型响应的统计信息。结合单随机变量和多随机变量场线耦合算例,得到传输线电压响应的统计信息。最后对比蒙特卡罗模拟方法,验证了ST方法的正确性和高效性。