High-Order Models of Nonlinear and Dispersive Wave in Water of Varying Depth with Arbitrary Sloping Bottom

High-order models with a dissipative term for nonlinear and dispersive wave in water of varying depth with an arbitrary sloping bottom are presented in this article. First, the formal derivations to any high order of mu(= h/lambda, depth to deep-water wave length ratio) and epsilon(= a/h, wave amplitude to depth ratio) for velocity potential, particle velocity vector, pressure and the Boussinesq-type equations for surface elevation eta and horizontal velocity vector (U) over right arrow at any given level in water are given. Then, the exact explicit expressions to the fourth order of mu are derived. Finally, the linear solutions of eta, (U) over right arrow, C (phase-celerity) and C-g (group velocity) for a constant water depth are obtained. Compared with the Airy theory, excellent results can be found even for a water depth as large as the wave legnth. The present high-order models are applicable to nonlinear regular and irregular waves in water of any varying depth (from shallow to deep) and bottom slope (from mild to steep).

Subdivision surface modeling system based on arbitrary topological curves network and combined subdivision

Arbitrary topological curve network has no restriction in topology structure,so it has more powerful representing ability in defining complex surfaces.A complex surface modeling system is presented based on arbitrary topological curve network and the improved combined subdivision method,its functions including creating and editing curve network,and generating and modifying curve network＇s interpolated surface.This modeling system can be used to the process of products＇concept design,and its applications is also significant to the development of subdivision method.

Model Reference Adaptive Control for Switched Systems with Closed-loop Reference Model Under Arbitrary Switching

This paper explores the model reference adaptive control problem for a class of switched linear systems under arbitrary switching with no need for the measurability of the system state.Based on the state of reference model and the measurable output error, adaptive laws and controllers are designed for switched systems.Each subsystem may have its individual reference model and controller, which increases the design flexibility.The introduction of the closed-loop reference model is to get a better transient performance of the whole switched systems.A numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the main results.

任意起伏地形下重力异常三维正演及并行计算

为了进一步提高空间-波数域三维重力异常正演算法的适用范围和计算效率,本文采用任意傅里叶变换算法实现了空间-波数域三维重力异常正演,且在NVIDIA CUDA平台上进行CPU-GPU并行加速.任意傅里叶变换算法的基本思想是将二维傅里叶变换转化为两个一维傅里叶变换,一维傅里叶变换积分离散为多个单元积分累加和,离散单元中原函数采用二次插值形函数拟合,求出单元积分的解析表达式.相比现有的傅里叶变换算法,新方法具有采样灵活、积分精度高、计算速度快和傅里叶变换的截断效应小等优势.利用空间-波数域算法的高度并行性,采用CPU并行求解常微分方程,GPU并行计算任意傅里叶变换,实现了CPU-GPU并行加速方案,进一步提升了本文算法效率.利用常密度模型,对比数值解和解析解,结果表明本文算法正确;利用变密度模型对比了任意傅里叶变换算法与高斯快速傅里叶变换算法的计算效率与精度,在相近的数值精度下,本文算法波数选取少,效率高;测试CPU-GPU并行效果,结果表明相比CPU串行算法,CPU-GPU并行算法的计算效率大大提升,千万数量级节点数模型正演仅耗时数秒.最后利用实际地形数据进行三维重力异常场数值模拟,证明了新方法的高效性与实用性,对实现大规模复杂条件下重力异常精细化反演成像与综合解释有重要意义.

Modeling seismic wave propagation within complex structures

Seismic modeling is a useful tool for studying the propagation of seismic waves within complex structures. However, traditional methods of seismic simulation cannot meet the needs for studying seismic wavefields in the complex geological structures found in seismic exploration of the mountainous area in Northwestern China. More powerful techniques of seismic modeling are demanded for this purpose. In this paper, two methods of finite element-finite difference method （FE-FDM） and arbitrary difference precise integration （ADPI） for seismic forward modeling have been developed and implemented to understand the behavior of seismic waves in complex geological subsurface structures and reservoirs. Two case studies show that the FE-FDM and ADPI techniques are well suited to modeling seismic wave propagation in complex geology.

船舶结构碰撞试验及简化数值计算方法

[目的]采用流固耦合计算方法虽能较好地模拟船舶碰撞过程,但计算时间较长,为此,提出一种简化的数值计算方法。[方法]以某船的局部舱段为对象,开展多工况水上碰撞试验。采用力传感器和基于高速摄影技术非接触测量的方法获得到碰撞力及碰撞船的运动时程数据,通过对碰撞接触力和加速度响应等数据进行分析,并针对试验过程开展任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)流固耦合数值计算分析,提出将碰撞过程中水域对撞击船的影响简化为等效质量,将对被撞船的影响简化为等效阻力,以面力的形式作用于被撞船非撞击侧用以阻碍被撞船运动的简化方法,然后基于此简化方法开展不涉及水域与结构耦合过程的数值计算。[结果]结果显示,采用简化计算方法得到的各工况的碰撞力峰值与试验值间的误差均在5%以内,且该方法所需要的计算时长远小于ALE流固耦合算法。[结论]所提简化数值计算方法可为实现船舶结构碰撞响应的高效计算提供一定的参考。

Clustered张拉整体结构的动力学建模

针对clustered张拉整体结构,提出了一种基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉(arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian, ALE)法的多体动力学模型。相较于传统的拉格朗日法模型,该研究中的模型具有更为简单的运动学约束。首先,引入了一种ALE时变长度索单元,其网格节点与物质点可以独立运动,提供了一种自然的方式描述结构中运动的滑轮和滑动绳索;其次,利用达朗贝尔原理,推导了该单元的广义力向量并计算了相应的雅可比矩阵;然后,建立了张拉整体系统的动力学方程,并利用广义α算法对其进行求解,选取节点的全局位置坐标和物质坐标作为广义坐标,其中全局位置坐标可以被不同物体共享,以减少动力学方程的自由度数和消除物体间的约束;最后,展示了一个数值算例,10层可折叠张拉整体塔架,对其折叠过程进行了准静态和动力学仿真,验证了模型的有效性。所提出的模型和算法可为clustered张拉整体结构的设计提供理论指导,具有工程意义。

基于M-C准则的任意角度隧道掌子面稳定性分析

为探究任意盾构角度影响下隧道掌子面的稳定情况,以向上倾斜盾构隧道为例,基于线性Mohr-Coulomb强度准则,运用空间离散技术及“点生点”技术,考虑倾斜角度对隧道掌子面稳定性的影响,通过改进现有的隧道掌子面三维主被动破坏模型,实现了倾斜隧道掌子面的主被动破坏极限支护压力的求解,并建立了线性Mohr-Coulomb准则下倾斜隧道掌子面三维主被动破坏模型,生成了与之对应的主被动破坏模型的能耗方程。通过本文模型计算结果与现有模型和数值模拟的计算结果进行对比分析,验证了本文所建立的倾斜隧道掌子面三维主被动破坏模型的合理性。结果表明,任意盾构纵向倾角是影响掌子面稳定性的重要因素,不可忽略;本文所建立的任意角度掌子面三维旋转主被动破坏模型相比现有模型更接近真实解,在掌子面稳定性分析时能够得到更优的分析结果,为类似隧道盾构施工的安全性提供了有效的理论指导与参考。

球坐标系下任意地形的重力场正演算法及其软件设计

推导由横向变化的上下边界所包围的任意地形所引起的重力场大小的理论公式,并采用科学计算语言MATLAB设计用户界面软件。测试结果表明,软件计算效率和精度均较高,同时具备多层地形整体计算的功能。

竞争性决断:一个无共识决策模式——以慈善法中税收政策的制定为例

虽然共识模式很好地体现了中国决策过程的制度特征,但仍存在类型代表不足以及概念模糊等问题。本文基于中国政治体制和治理机制提出了“竞争性决断”这一概念,该概念有效地融合了决策过程的民主性和高效性。文章以慈善法中税收政策的制定为例,从权力运行过程中纵向的决断和横向的博弈两个维度构建决策分析框架。通过打开决策“黑箱”分析了在无共识情况下各行动者之间的互动过程。研究发现,税收政策的制定本质上是各行动者基于自身的资源禀赋和权力进行竞争的结果。在慈善法的起草阶段,各部门在协商无果的情况下选择搁置争议;在审议阶段,各方开展权力博弈,在无法有效达成共识的情况下,基于行动者不同的权力对比,搁置争议或寻求上级决策成为主要策略,上级决断有效保障了决策的效率。因此,从权力的分配和行使出发才能更好地理解中国特色的决策过程,也有助于更好地理解全过程人民民主的实践过程。这一概念有效涵盖“共识决策”等类型,增加了对决策过程的解释力。

The Precise Finite Difference Method for Seismic Modeling

D seismic modeling can be used to study the propagation of seismic wave exactly and it is also a tool of 3-D seismic data processing and interpretation. In this paper the arbitrary difference and precise integration are used to solve seismic wave equation, which means difference scheme for space domain and analytic integration for time domain. Both the principle and algorithm of this method are introduced in the paper. Based on the theory, the numerical examples prove that this hybrid method can lead to higher accuracy than the traditional finite difference method and the solution is very close to the exact one. Also the seismic modeling examples show the good performance of this method even in the case of complex surface conditions and complicated structures.

Coupling dynamic analysis of a liquid-filled spherical container subject to arbitrary excitation

Using spherical coordinates, the coupling nonlinear dynamic system of a liquid-filled spherical tank, which can be excited discretionarily, is deduced by the H-O varia- tional principle, and the viscous damping is introduced via the liquid dissipation function. The kinetic equations of the coupling system are deduced by the relationship between the velocity of liquid particles and the disturbed liquid surface equation. Normal differential equations are obtained through the Galerkin method. An equivalent mechanical model is developed for liquid sloshing in a spherical tank subject to arbitrary excitation. The fixed and slosh masses, as well as the spring and damping constants, are determined in such a way as to satisfy the principle of equivalence. Numerical simulations illustrate the theoretical results in this paper as well.

GENERALIZED SIMULATION MODEL FOR MILLED SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY-APPLICATION TO PERIPHERAL MILLING

Based on analyzing various factors influencing milled surface topography, firstly, a generalized model for milled surface topography is proposed. Secondly, using the principles of transformation matrix and vector operation, the trajectory equation of cutting edge relative to workpiece is derived. Then, a three dimensional topography simulation algorithm is constructed through dividing the workpiece into regular grids. Finally, taking the peripheral milling process as an example, the generalized model is simplified, and the corresponding simulation examples are given. The results indicate that it is very efficient for the generalized model to be used to analyze and simulate the peripherally milled surface topography.

Prediction of shear-related defect locations in semi-solid casting using numerical flow models

Contaminated surfaces of the feedstock materials in aluminum alloy casting processes often produce various types of defects which can affect the tensile properties of the final products as well as their fatigue reliabilities.Semi-solid processing takes advantage of a much higher apparent viscosity of the die cast materials by limiting the risk of oxides formed at the free surfaces to become incorporated into the casting when the material is injected into the die.Most of existing semi-solid processes that use billets as feedstock material are however tied up with a different type of contaminated surface.During the injection phase,the external-skin on the periphery of the billet,which has been in contact with air and lubricant during the transfer in the shot sleeve,can be incorporated into the casting.When subjected to a heat treatment,the lubricant is decomposed and produces lens shape porosities.This might be a cause of reject for most structural parts.To avoid this kind of defects,the paths along which the billet skin evolves must be controlled during filling.In order to investigate the possibility of skin inclusion into cast parts during injection of the billet,a two-phase finite element mixture model is employed to model the metal flow.The formation of a skin on the periphery of the billet is modeled by setting an initial solid phase concentration profile in the radial direction.Microscopic observations of the real castings show that the approach is able to model the shear layers and to predict the paths along which the"lens porosity"defects could be formed.An Arbitrary Eulerian-Lagangian(ALE) method is also investigated and appears to be very promising to follow the skin movement in the casting.

Modeling of Orientation-Dependent Photoelastic Constants in Cubic Crystal System

Euler’s rotation theorem and tensor rotation technique are applied to develop a generalized mathematical model for determining photoelastic constants in arbitrary orientation of cubic crystal system. Two times rotations are utilized in the model relating to crystallographic coordinates with Cartesian coordinates. The symmetry of photoelastic constants is found to have strong dependence with rotation angle. Using the model, one can determine photoelastic constants in any orientation by selecting appropriate rotation angle. The outcome of this study helps to characterize spatial variation of residual strain in crystalline as well as polycrystalline materials having cubic structure using the experimental technique known as scanning infrared polariscope.

球形爆炸冲击波正面作用下人体头部损伤规律的数值模拟

在军事行动、恐怖袭击和工业事故等爆炸事件中,爆炸冲击波引起的头部损伤已成为主要致伤形式之一。为了阐明冲击波损伤规律及头部承受冲击波损伤阈值,针对不同冲击波入射压力对人体颅脑不同部位的损伤规律进行了研究。建立了头部三维有限元模型,验证了其有效性。建立了冲击波-头部流固耦合模型,在大脑表面沿正中矢状面选取5个特征点,对头部分别在1 000 kPa、800 kPa、600 kPa、400 kPa、300 kPa、200 kPa、100 kPa和50 kPa入射冲击波作用下的损伤情况进行分析。在球形冲击波的作用下,颅骨分散冲击波,为脑组织提供防护;冠状面前侧的特征点受压,后侧特征点受拉;入射冲击波超压大于600 kPa时,距离爆源越近的特征点压力越大,距离爆源越远的特征点压力越小;造成颅脑组织80%严重损伤的入射冲击波超压临界值约为137 kPa。

基于流固耦合的入水特性仿真与试验研究

针对跨介质飞行器入水冲击过程中流固耦合问题,研究不同速度对飞行器载荷和姿态的影响,基于LS-DYNA软件,采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉算法对速度在40~120 m/s的飞行器入水模型进行数值模拟,获取模型入水过程中的冲击过载和姿态变化,并通过试验验证。结果表明,冲击过载峰值随着速度增大而增大,且脉冲宽度越窄;角速度和俯仰角的变化斜率呈现先增大再减小的趋势。研究结果可为飞行器入水特性的理论和试验研究以及工程化应用提供参考。

轴承磨损的切片式半解耦损伤数值模拟方法

轴箱轴承是高速动车组(EMU)走行部的关键部件,往往处于高速甚至超高速的运行状态,其轴承的磨损是一个非常突出的问题。建立转向架轴承的磨损模型,模拟在轨道激励载荷因素作用下滚动轴承的磨损状态,进行轴承的磨损损伤分析具有重要意义。针对动车组转向架轴箱轴承磨损监测难、分析难的问题,基于数值模拟方法,对轴箱轴承的磨损损伤分析方法进行了探究,为降低有限元模型的分析计算时间成本,提出了一种轴承切片式半解耦损伤分析方法。首先,将轴承三维模型径向等距切分成有限数量的二维切片,对二维轴承切片模型进行了磨损分析;然后,基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)自适应网格偏移技术以及UMESHMOTION子程序,提出了轴承模型磨损有限元分析方法(流程);最后,利用高斯过程非线性拟合完成了三维轴承磨损状态复现,得到了轴承内圈的磨损分布规律,并对该模型的高效性与收敛性进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:利用二维切片拟合磨损分析方法的计算效率获得了大幅提高,同时该方法的准确性也较为可靠,与传统方法相比,其误差在10%以内;另外,轴承内圈磨损较为严重的区域出现在滚子与内滚道接触的边缘位置,而接触区域中心位置的磨损程度与边缘相比较轻。

基于Archard理论的浮动密封结构磨损特性试验研究

管线闸阀工作过程中,常常会因密封接触面的磨损而导致其密封失效。针对这一问题,以代号为Z943Y-300Lb的高压管线平板闸阀为例,对其浮动密封结构的磨损特性进行了理论推导、仿真分析和试验测试研究。首先,运用了任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)方法和Archard磨损模型,对浮动密封结构启闭后的接触面磨损厚度进行了理论推导;然后,根据浮动密封结构特点,提出了以全局磨损量均方根值(RMS)为评价指标的方法;接着,利用ABAQUS软件,对浮动密封结构进行了摩擦动力学仿真分析,并研究了不同启闭次数、密封面宽度对浮动密封结构磨损特性的影响问题;最后,采用最小二乘法建立了高压管线平板闸阀密封面磨损量预测模型,预测磨损等厚度时所允许的磨损寿命,并根据试验测试结果对仿真结果的准确性进行了验证。研究结果表明:相对于其他区域,区域Ⅰ、区域Ⅱ的磨损量较大;启闭速度对闸阀密封结构的磨损寿命影响较大,随着启闭速度的增加,密封结构的区间磨损寿命呈现先增加、后减小的趋势;启闭速度为210 mm/s时,闸阀密封结构的磨损寿命最大;在一定的范围内,其磨损寿命随着密封面宽度增大而增加。该研究分析可为闸阀密封结构的优化设计及寿命预测提供理论基础。

基于DEM的任意方向坡度计算方法

坡度是数字地形分析中重要的地形因子,在水文分析、土壤侵蚀模拟、地貌类型划分等地学分析及工程上均有广泛的应用。由于地形的各向异性,坡度在各个方向上并不相同。目前,基于DEM所提取的坡度,均是位于最陡方向上的坡度,而任意给定方向坡度计算是地学分析和工程应用中较为常见的问题。在对目前DEM坡度提取算法研究的基础上,通过数学分析,给出了格网DEM上任意方向格网点的坡度计算模型和计算流程,并给出了相应的计算实例,从而将坡度计算模型从特定方向推向任意方向,使DEM坡度计算更具普适性。