Characterization of a 3-Phase a.c. Free Burning Arc Plasma

A 3-phase a.c. arc plasma reactor with large volume plasma has been developed for the synthesis of new carbon nano-structures. One of the main characteristics of the plasma system is related to the absence of a fixed neutral point. This gives rise to a rich and complex phenomenology related to instabilities and arc motion since the arcs are ＂burning＂ freely in the gas flow between the three electrodes. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the behavior of such a system under typical conditions using argon and nitrogen as plasma gases. A classification of are configuration, arc commutating, arc interaction, arc motion and arc instabilities are discussed based on ultra high-speed cine camera analysis. A simple model describing the time evolution of the system is also presented and compared with the experimental measurements. The results show that an adequate control could allow the improvement of the overall system.

Critical Length Criterion and the Arc Chain Model for Calculating the Arcing Time of the Secondary Arc Related to AC Transmission Lines

The prompt extinction of the secondary arc is critical to the single-phase reclosing of AC transmission lines, including half-wavelength power transmission lines. In this paper, a low- voltage physical experimental platform was established and the motion process of the secondary arc was recorded by a high-speed camera. It was found that the arcing time of the secondary arc rendered a close relationship with its arc length. Through the input and output power energy analysis of the secondary arc, a new critical length criterion for the arcing time was proposed. The arc chain model was then adopted to calculate the arcing time with both the traditional and the proposed critical length criteria, and the simulation results were compared with the experimental data. The study showed that the arcing time calculated from the new critical length criterion gave more accurate results, which can provide a reliable criterion in term of arcing time for modeling and simulation of the secondary arc related with power transmission lines.

Characteristic Analysis of AC Plasma Arc in Water

An experimental system of AC arc discharge in water was designed with pole-pole electrodes and a peak voltage of 1500 V and a test circuit was set up using virtual instrument technology. The mechanism of an AC plasma arc generated in water was analyzed. The voltage- current characteristic of the AC plasma are was obtained from the waveform. The temperature characteristic was tested with a spectrum diagnosis system, and the effect of different electrode materials on the striking voltage and peak current was analyzed. The results show that when a power supply of 6 kW is applied on electrodes with a gap of 2 mm in water, the striking voltage is from 900 V to 1300 V, the arc voltage is from 40 V to 100 V, the arc current is from 2 A to 7 A, and the zero rest period is from 1 ms to 2 ms. In addition, the arc voltage and current are different for electrodes in aluminum, copper and stainless steel. The arc voltage is lower and the current is higher for an aluminum electrode than those for copper and stainless steel ones. The highest temperature of the arc is 7643 K.

Effect of Injection Position on In-Flight Melting Behavior of Granular Alkali-Free Glass Raw Material in 12-Phase AC Arc Plasma

An innovative in-flight glass melting technology with a multi-phase AC arc plasma was developed to save energy and reduce emissions for the glass industry. The effect of the injection position on the in-flight melting behavior of granulated powders was investigated. Results show that the injection position has a strong effect on the melting behavior of alkali-free glass raw material. With the increase in injection distance, the vitrification, decomposition, and particle shrinkage of initial powders are improved. Longer injection distance causes much energy to transfer to particles due to a longer residence time of powder in the high temperature zone. The high vitrification and decomposition degrees indicate that the new in-flight melting technology with 12-phase AC arc can substantially reduce the melting and refining time for glass production.

ARC报告说低功率AC驱动器市场将增长

低功率AC驱动器市场正从2009年严重的全球经济衰退中恢复过来，2010年出现反弹。根据ARC咨询集团的一项新研究，新兴经济体在2010年主导了经济的增长，它们还处于预期内的重要市场。低功率AC驱动器市场也将在对能源效率及环境的日益关注的刺激下开始增长。世界主要经济体已经接受了这个事实，即能源的有效利用对全球经济增长和繁荣是必要的。

Quick Surface Treatment of AZ31B by AC Micro-arc Oxidation

In order to explore an effective way to shorten treatment time and enhance the quality of treatment coating, AC micro-arc oxidation was conducted to treat the surface of AZ31 B deformation magnesium alloy in KF＋KOH treatment solution. The infl uences of micro-arc oxidation parameters such as concentration of KF, concentration of KOH, output voltage of booster, temperature of treatment solution, and treatment time on treatment coating thickness were raveled out under different conditions. The structure and composition of treatment coating were determined, the growth mechanism of treatment coating was discussed, and the quick surface treatment technology for compact treatment coating with maximum thickness was developed. The experimental results show that： A maximum 33 μm-thick compact treatment coating, consisting of MgF2 and MgO mainly, can be formed on AZ31 B in 112 s under the conditions of 1 132 g/L KF, 382 g/L KOH, 66 V for output voltage of booster and 34 ℃ of treatment solution which were optimized by a genetic algorithm from the model established by artifi cial neural networks. There are no ＂crater-shaped＂ pores in this treatment coating as the heat shock resulting from the smooth variation of AC sinusoidal voltage is far smaller than that of the rigidly varied DC or pulse current. The treatment time is only one sixth of that adopted in the other surface treatment technology at best, principally for the reason that the coating can always grow irrespective of the electric potential of AZ31 B. This investigation lays a fi rm foundation for the extensive application of magnesium alloy.

Distribution of Partial Arc Propagation Path on Insulator and Its Discrimination Method

Pollution flashover is one of themajor insulation accidents that can occur inmodern power systems.If the local arc is not sufficiently elongated by the creepage distance,the flashover performance of the insulator will decrease.The insulator structure and equivalent salt deposition density(ESDD)are the main factors affecting the arc path and length.To investigate the forms of arc paths under different insulator structures and their influence on flashover characteristics,a platformfor recording arc paths is established.This study presents amethod to identify the pattern and distribution of insulator arc paths based on the effect of initial arc on electric field distribution.The results show that there are two main types of local arc paths between umbrellas—the cling-surface arc and the air-jump arc.Moreover,the air-jump arc includes two types—the bridging arc and the gap arc.With the increase in umbrella spacing and ESDD,the probability of arc propagation along the surface increases.The use of the creepage distance can be improved by changing the creepage coefficient to increase the distance between umbrellas.This method has over 90%accuracy.This study is of great significance for improving insulator structure and reducing pollution flashover accidents.

基于Bayes推断的交流接触器剩余电寿命预测

针对交流接触器可靠性开展研究,首先分析交流接触器的电弧侵蚀机理,建立了计及电弧电压及电弧重燃影响的电弧侵蚀模型,根据该模型仿真得到的交流接触器性能退化特征参量变化过程与交流接触器的实际退化规律一致。分析不同工况下性能退化数据特征,提出了不同工况下先验信息的等效折算方法,解决了不同工况下的先验信息利用问题。建立了基于Bayes推断的交流接触器剩余电寿命预测模型,提高了剩余电寿命预测精度,实现了利用不同工况下性能退化数据对交流接触器进行剩余电寿命预测。在AC-4、AC-3两种工况下进行了交流接触器电寿命仿真分析及实验分析,相对误差均小于5.5%,验证了方法的准确性。

基于触头燃弧损耗的动车组交流接触器剩余电寿命预测

动车组交流接触器的性能状态与列车运行安全密切相关。针对动车组交流接触器在三相不均匀燃弧损耗工况下,特征参数变化趋势与电寿命趋势的复杂映射关系问题,提出一种基于触头燃弧损耗的电寿命预测方法。首先,基于触点的燃弧机理,分析了导致三相触头之间燃弧损耗差异的原因,并在此基础上进行了随机燃弧损耗和定相燃弧损耗2种模式下的电寿命试验。然后,提取电寿命试验过程中的接触器特征参数,利用Spearman等级相关系数方法计算各特征参数与累积燃弧损耗之间的相关性,以此筛选出相关性强的特征参数构成状态识别的特征参数组。接着通过多元线性回归的方法对特征参数组进行融合,得到表征燃弧损耗状态的指标,对比指标曲线与实际寿命曲线发现试验样本存在初始燃弧损耗量的问题。之后建立基于相似性的接触器剩余燃弧损耗量预测模型,在评估环节引入能将初始燃弧损耗量的不确定性问题转化为时延问题的时延参数,通过交叉验证的方法选定最优时延参数,并建立综合评价指标对模型进行评估。最后,利用试验样本对预测模型进行了验证,并以定相燃弧损耗样本为例通过接触器电寿命映射模型对剩余电寿命进行了计算。结果表明,所提出的方法能够成功地定量评价接触器在三相不均匀燃弧损耗情况下的剩余电寿命,且能够直观表现剩余寿命的变化过程,预测误差仅为0.9%~12.1%。

基于FSC和TCSC混合复用的交直流混联线路潜供电弧特性

为提高系统运行稳定性,高补偿度串补装置广泛投入使用,但线路故障后潜供电流存在高幅值的低频分量,潜供电弧难以自熄。针对此问题,基于交直流混联输电线路,研究了不同布置方式下串补度对潜供电流与恢复电压幅值影响,提出了一种固定串补(fixed series compensation,FSC)和可控串补(thyristor controlled series compensation,TCSC)混合复用抑制潜供电弧的方法。此外,为满足线路对高补偿度的需求,设计FSC和TCSC混合复用串补度最佳配置方案。结果表明,交直流混联线路采用串补度40%的双平台分散布置方式,潜供电流与恢复电压幅值达到最小,燃弧时间最短。高补偿度串补线路TCSC采用串补度10%、20%的配置方案更利于熄弧,提高重合闸成功率。

交流及脉冲GTAW铝合金焊接电弧温度及其形态数值模拟研究

控制钨极氩弧焊接(GTAW)的焊接电弧温度、形态等特性是制定其焊接工艺、提高其焊接质量与效率的措施之一。采用数值模拟研究方法,研究了6061铝合金GTAW焊接过程钨极氩弧温度及其形态,对交流及脉冲钨极氩弧温度及其形态进行了比较与分析,阐述了随焊接电流变化钨极氩弧温度及其形态变化规律。研究结果表明,在交流钨极氩弧焊接电流方向变化时焊接电弧将熄弧,其温度下降;焊接电弧形态基本保持钟罩型,其高温区域发生变化;在交流钨极氩弧达到稳定状态时,正接焊接电弧温度较反接的高,焊接电弧高温区域距工件更近,焊接电弧径向尺寸较反接的大;脉冲电流钨极氩弧焊接过程不会熄弧;从峰值到基值焊接电流过渡过程中,焊接电弧沿径向收缩,相反,焊接电弧沿径向扩张,其形态似“腰鼓”状;脉冲基值电流焊接电弧温度较峰值电流的小。

小天体柔性着陆任务规划的动态时间约束推理方法

针对小天体柔性着陆任务规划中的复杂耦合时间约束一致性推理效率问题,建立任务规划时间约束网络,通过划分时间约束类型,设计约束动态添加策略,提出动态弧一致时间约束推理方法,限制新添加约束的传播范围,局部求解时间网络一致性,实现规划过程中时间约束网络一致性的高效维护。最后,构建小天体着陆规划场景,生成着陆任务规划活动及时间约束。仿真结果表明,与现有时间约束推理方法相比,所提出方法提高了时间约束推理效率,进而可为小天体柔性着陆任务规划提供支撑。

基于电气特性-物理参数耦合的交流电弧炉模型

现有电弧炉模型主要关注电弧内部与外部特性的联系,割裂了电弧内部微观下电气与物理的耦合影响,难以体现电弧的电热物理本质,导致仿真精度有所欠缺。针对上述问题,该文提出一种改进的新型交流电弧炉模型。首先,在电子连续性方程的基础上,构建电弧的电气特性模型;其次,根据弧柱磁压缩力平衡方程和瞬时能量平衡方程分别构建电弧的压强、温度等物理参数模型,推导得到电弧内部的电气特性与物理参数之间的耦合机理,得到两者的耦合模型;然后,基于电弧炉变压器二次侧额定电流和最大电弧温度之间的关系,利用麻雀搜索算法对电弧温度曲线进行辨识,确定物理模型的各个参数;最后,依据50 t、55 t炼钢交流电弧炉的现场实测数据,在Matlab/Simulink平台上搭建模型并验证模型的正确性。仿真结果表明,所提模型更符合交流电弧炉实际运行过程中的物理本质,能更精确地反映其谐波、电压波动特性。

六通道高温超导导体载流性能和交流损耗特性的仿真研究

为了满足未来聚变装置磁体系统大电流、强磁场以及优良机械特性的要求,提出一种六通道TSTC-CICC高温超导导体,并采用自洽模型和T-A法,对三种结构的六通道高温超导导体的载流性能和交流损耗特性进行了二维有限元仿真研究,其中结构1中带材堆叠方向垂直于径向方向,结构2中带材堆叠方向平行于径向方向,结构3中带材堆叠方式既有垂直于径向又有平行于径向两种方式。由研究结果可知,结构1导体的临界电流最大,结构2导体的最小,结构3导体的介于两者之间。结构1和结构3导体在低磁场下具有较好的临界电流各向同性特性。三种结构导体的临界电流随外磁场角度及磁场强度的变化各不相同。结构1导体的传输交流(AC)损耗最小,结构2导体的传输AC损耗最大,结构3导体的AC传输损耗介于两者之间。在不同角度的外磁场中,三种结构的导体表现出的AC损耗各不相同。

帕金森病病人静息状态下大脑四维时空一致性的变化研究

目的 探索帕金森病(PD)病人静息状态下大脑四维时空一致性的变化研究。方法 对2021年6月至2022年1月在海南医学院第一附属医院就诊的31例PD病人(PD组)和该院同期招募的42例健康人群[健康对照组(HC组)]进行静息态功能磁共振(rs-fMRI)检查,运用dapabi进行图像处理,计算出各组的局部神经活动四维(时空)一致性(FOCA)数值,并进行两独立样本t检验,提取差异有统计学意义的脑区,采用受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析各异常脑区FOCA值对PD的诊断效能。结果 与HC组比较,PD组FOCA增高的脑区有左侧小脑后叶Ⅷ区,FOCA值减低的脑区有右侧辅助运动区;ROC曲线结果显示,FOCA的曲线下面积是0.846。结论 PD病人脑功能活动改变可能与疾病的临床症状有关,FOCA值可能对PD有潜在的辅助诊断价值。

交流电压下伞型结构对染污绝缘子电弧路径及绝缘性能的影响

绝缘子是电力系统主要绝缘设备之一,其绝缘性能影响着电网的安全稳定运行。增大爬电距离是提高绝缘子闪络电压的有效手段。然而在有限空间内增大爬电距离会使绝缘子结构复杂化,局部电弧在复杂的伞裙和伞棱间跳跃发展,会导致闪络电压不增反降。为探究绝缘子结构对电弧路径及闪络电压的影响规律,该文设计玻璃绝缘子试验模型并搭建电弧路径拍摄试验平台,研究绝缘子伞间空间深度和最大伞棱长度对绝缘子绝缘性能的影响。结果表明,绝缘子伞间电弧路径形式主要为沿面电弧和跃进电弧,受到结构参数的影响而呈现一定的概率分布;伞间空间深度系数(伞间距/伞伸出)建议值为0.8~1.2,过小则电弧跃进发展概率更高,过大则会导致空间利用率不足,均不利于提高绝缘子闪络电压;伞间最大伞棱长度系数(最大伞棱长度/伞间距)参考值为0.4~0.5,过大时对爬电距离的利用程度较低,造成闪络电压下降;此外,最大伞棱结构设置在伞裙边缘时相比于设置在伞裙内部的闪络电压更低。

大容量交流接触器电寿命提升仿真分析和试验研究

大容量交流接触器使用时负载电流大、功率因数小、电弧熄灭时能量大,对灭弧系统要求高。通过理论分析、高速摄影和电寿命试验等方法研究不同触头系统和灭弧系统的灭弧能力,为提升大容量交流接触器电寿命和使用可靠性提供参考。

Knapsacks约束的弧相容改进算法

通过修改背包约束弧相容算法的数据结构,将点阵图改为有向图,解决了原背包约束弧相容算法中存在冗余计算和无效操作的问题,加快了算法对问题的求解效率.对比实验结果表明:在面对同一类问题时,因为数据结构更复杂,改进算法的初始化时间虽增加,但求解时间提高了20%~50%;在面对求解难度较高的问题时,改进算法能更好地缩减求解问题的时间.

AC／DCRP交替MIG焊接方法的研究

介绍ＡＣ／ＤＣＲＰ交替ＭＩＧ焊接方法。它可以显著改善交流ＭＩＧ焊的焊缝成形，同时克服直流ＭＩＧ焊的电弧磁偏吹。利用这种方法还可进一步开发熔深控制功能。

振动条件下三相交流电动机线路故障电弧诊断方法

串联故障电弧是由电气线路或设备中电气连接松动或线路绝缘老化引起的空气击穿现象,会导致设备损坏、电路短路等问题,甚至引起电气火灾。为了准确识别三相交流电动机的振动故障电弧,提出一个基于一维卷积神经网络(1D CNN)并结合鹈鹕优化算法(POA)的故障诊断模型。所提模型可以直接利用上位机输出的一维时序电流数据进行训练;通过POA寻找1D CNN的最佳超参数,提升模型的识别能力;经过t-SNE算法分析模型的特征提取效果后,证实其有效性。测试结果显示,故障电弧识别准确率高达99.72%,所提方法比现有技术更加方便且性能更优。