Study on arc-ultrasonic TIG welding of titanium alloy

TC4 alloy was welded by conventional TIG welding and arc-ultrasonic TIG welding respectively. The microstructure of joint was analyzed by means of optical-microscope, scanning electron microscope in order to study the relationship between the macro-properties of joint and the microstructure. The results show that the joints were all welded successfully by conventional TIG welding and arc-ultrasonic TIG welding. With the increment of ultrasonic frequency and activated voltage, the width of joint became narrow step by step. The microstructure became more and more fine and was inclined to equiaxed crystal. Moreover, the dendrite depredation was not observed obviously. The properties of welded joint were improved markedly compared with that of conventional TIG welding.

Study on Microstructure and Properties of TIG Welded Joint of TC2 Titanium Alloy and Quality Inspection

TIG welding experiments of TC2 titanium alloy sheet was carried out,and the well-formed weld was obtained.After welding process,the cross-section microstructure,mechanical properties,fracture morphology and quality inspection of the joint were studied.The results show that the microstructure of the weld consists of a large number of acicularα′andβblock.The microhardness curve shows that the microhardness value in the fusion zone(FZ)of the joint is significantly higher than that in the heat affected zone(HAZ)and the base metal(BM),and the microhardness of the base metal is the lowest.The tensile strength of the joint is equivalent to that of the base metal,and the fracture morphology shows that the fracture mechanism of the joint is mixed ductile-brittle fracture mode.The weld quality is excellent through chemical inspection,penetrant inspection and X-ray inspection.

Tungsten Inert Gas Welding–Brazing of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy to TC4 Titanium Alloy

Tungsten inert gas （TIG） welding-brazing technology using Mg-based filler was developed to join AZ31 B Mg alloy to TC4 Ti alloy in a lap configuration. The results indicate that robust joints can be obtained with welding current in the range of 60-70 A. The joint interface was found to be likely composed of Mg-Ti diffusion reaction layer accompanied with Mg17Al12 precipitate phase, indicating that metallurgical joining was achieved. The optimized joint with average tensile-shear strength of 190 N/mm^2 was obtained and fracture occurred at the Ti/fusion zone interracial layer during tensile test. Moreover. the fracture surface was characterized by equiaxed dimple patterns accompanied with a few lamellar tearing. Finally, finite element modeling （FEM） numerical simulation was developed to analyze the distribution characteristics of the temperature field of joints.

Influence of Filler on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Residual Stresses in TIG Weldments of Dissimilar Titanium Alloys

The influence of titanium alloy(Ti–5 Al–2.5 Sn) and commercially pure titanium(cp Ti) as fillers on dissimilar pulsed tungsten inert gas weldments of Ti–5 Al–2.5 Sn/cp Ti was investigated in terms of microstructure, mechanical/nano-mechanical properties, and residual stresses. A partial martensitic transformation was observed in the weldments for all the welding conditions due to high heat input. The microstructure evolved in the FZ/cp Ti interfacial region was observed to be the most sensitive to the proportion of α stabilizer in the filler alloy. Furthermore, the addition of filler alloy improved the tensile properties and nano-mechanical response of the weld joint owing to the increased volume of metal in the weld joint. As compared to the Ti–5 Al–2.5 Sn wire, the use of cp Ti filler wire proved to be better in terms of energy absorbed during tensile and impact tests, tensile strength and ductility of the dissimilar welds. An asymmetrical residual stresses profile was observed close to the weld centerline, with high compressive stresses on the Ti–5 Al–2.5 Sn side for both the weldments obtained with and without filler wires. This was attributed to mainly the low thermal conductivity of Ti–5 Al–2.5 Sn. The presence of residual stresses also influenced the nano-hardness profile across the weldments.

Microstructures and microhardness for sheets and TIG welded joints of TA15 alloy using friction stir spot processing

Effects of friction stir spot processing(FSSP)on the microstructures and microhardness of tungsten inert gas(TIG)welded TA15titanium alloy joints were investigated.The macro/micro structural observation and microhardness evaluation of the TA15alloy sheets and TA15TIG welded joints were carried out using optical microscope and microhardness tests.The results show that FSSP effectively improves the microstructure and increases the microhardness of the TA15sheets.As for the TIG welded joints,FSSP also effectively improves the microstructure of joints.And the average microhardness value in weld nugget zone is improved significantly,while a small increase of this value in heat affected zone is observed.The hardness in stirring zone is significantly higher than that in the base metal.Two peak values of hardness appear along the width direction in stirring zone.After FSSP,the average hardness of the weld zone of TA15TIG welded joint is significantly higher than that before FSSP.Under the present process parameters,both the surface oxidation in TA15sheets and in TIG welded joints after FSSP are not evident,while the surface forms the bright white layer,which is composed of a great multitude of fine grains.

TC32钛合金TIG焊接接头显微组织及力学性能研究

利用不同成分的填充材料对TC32进行TIG焊接试验,分析接头不同区域的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,采用TC4实心焊丝、TC32药芯焊丝和Ti-Al-V-Zr系药芯焊丝所获的焊接接头组织均不同,焊缝区宏观形貌均由上中部柱状晶区和下部等轴晶区组成,热影响区均出现三个不同的亚区;三种焊接接头的热影响区硬度显著高于母材,且每组接头的显微硬度在上、中、下区域有相同变化趋势;在焊态条件下,接头的抗拉强度与母材相当,但塑性较差。研究表明,药芯焊丝与实心焊丝相比较,药芯焊丝更容易产生气孔缺陷,导致接头的强度和韧性降低。

Study on Ultra-sonic Frequency Pulse TIG of Titanium Alloy

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is used extensively in aerospace and aircraft because of its excellent comprehensive properties and outstanding machinability. Ti-6Al-4V alloy was welded by conventional tungsten iner-gas arc welding (TIG) and ultra-sonic frequency pulse TIG welding (U-TIG) respectively. The welding quality was tested by X-ray, and the mechanical properties of welded joint were tested , the microstructure and the fracture appearance of welded joint were observed by means of optical microscope and SEM .The results show that the joints were welded successfully by U-TIG welding, U-TIG welding could reduced pores defects of welded joint. With the increment of ultra-sonic pulse frequency, the microstructure became more and more fine and was inclined to equiaxed crystal. Moreover, the properties of joint by U-TIG welding were improved compared with that of conventional TIG. Tensile fractures of joints by TIG welding and U-TIG welding all presented character of quasi-cleavage crack, but the cellular dendrite depredation was not observed obviously in U-TIG joint.

TC4钛合金厚板窄间隙TIG焊接接头的高周疲劳性能

为了确定厚板TC4钛合金窄间隙TIG焊接接头的疲劳性能,对焊接接头三层位置的样品分别进行了室温高周疲劳(HCF)试验,利用扫描电镜与透射电镜对疲劳断口形貌及断口附近的微观组织进行观察与分析.结果表明:三层焊接接头的疲劳极限依次为420、390和400 MPa;第一层焊接接头的疲劳裂纹萌生于样品表面,位错组态以位错网络和位错阵列为主;第二层焊接接头的疲劳裂纹萌生于样品表面与焊接缺陷处,位错组态主要为位错缠结;第三层焊接接头的疲劳裂纹萌生于样品表面与近表面焊接气孔位置,位错组态主要为位错阵列及位错缠结.

小孔TIG焊技术在中大厚度TC4板上的应用研究

对14 mm及26 mm厚TC4板进行了小孔TIG焊工艺试验,研究了工艺参数对焊缝成型、内部质量及接头组织性能的影响。结果表明,采用优化的小孔TIG焊工艺可以不开坡口实现14 mm厚TC4板的单面焊双面成型,焊缝及热影响区出现马氏体组织转变,接头与母材相比出现明显硬化。对于26 mm厚Y型坡口试板,采用小孔TIG焊从背面打底可以完成14 mm钝边熔透焊,从正面打底可以完成10 mm钝边熔透焊,打底焊道美观,内部质量优,可直接采用常规TIG焊工艺填充盖面。制备的中大厚度TC4板接头强度与母材的相当,工艺性能良好,焊缝冲击性能与母材的相当,热影响区冲击性能优于母材的。

8 mm中厚板TC4钛合金TIG焊数值模拟及实验研究

本工作采用数值模拟方法对TC4钛合金非熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊(TIG)进行焊接工艺优化,并结合实验进行验证,在最优工艺下分析接头的显微组织及力学性能。结果表明:通过数值模拟仿真得到的TC4钛合金8 mm中厚板TIG焊焊接在电压为20 V、电流为130 A、焊接速度为3 mm/s时,接头母材能完全焊透,结合实验验证在此工艺参数下可得到成形良好无缺陷的焊接接头;分析不同冷却速度下形成的组织形态,焊缝区冷却速度可达788℃/s,主要有柱状晶及少量等轴晶,且晶内形成大量针状α′马氏体,显微硬度平均值达到390.96HV,是母材TC4硬度380HV的1.11倍,热影响区的粗晶区冷却速度达475℃/s,为β晶粒中析出的片层状α相,显微硬度平均值为328.19HV,低于母材硬度,热影响区的细晶区冷却速度为67℃/s,晶粒尺寸小于粗晶区,形成极少量的马氏体组织,显微硬度平均值为363.69HV。数值模拟结合实验验证进行工艺优化,可减少实验次数,是进行焊接工艺优化的有效手段。

大厚度TA17钛合金磁控窄间隙TIG焊接头组织和力学性能

对120 mm厚的TA17钛合金板进行了磁控窄间隙TIG焊接试验,系统表征了该焊接接头不同区域的显微组织和力学性能,并阐明接头显微组织演变过程及其对力学性能的影响。结果表明沿接头横向存在显著的组织不均匀性:靠近焊缝的母材区主要由拉长的α晶粒和沿晶界分布的β相构成,接头热影响区组织为粗大α集束构成的魏氏组织,熔合区为细小α片层交错组成的网篮组织。沿接头厚度方向,显微组织差异较小,接头上层熔合区观察到少量马氏体片层组织。接头熔合区硬度显著低于母材区的,拉伸过程中熔合区优先发生屈服,随后成为塑性变形集中区域,导致接头强度和塑性较母材降低。

TC4钛合金激光-TIG复合焊焊缝成形与组织研究

通过对TC4钛合金进行激光-TIG(钨极氩弧焊)复合焊接,研究了不同TIG电流大小对接头表面形貌、焊缝成形、显微组织的影响。结果表明,TC4钛合金在激光-TIG复合焊接下可以形成连续完整的焊接接头。且随着电流增加,焊缝横截面由“钉子”形状逐渐转变为“漏斗”形状,平均气孔面积则先减少后增加,并在电流I=50 A时达到最小值。在激光-TIG的复合作用下,随着电流增加,熔池流动更加剧烈,焊缝的晶粒先减小然后增大。焊缝的显微组织主要是由针状α’马氏体和β相带相互交织而成的网篮组织、α_(gb)相和魏氏组织组成。当电流I=50 A时,焊缝α’马氏体束之间的β相带宽度更宽,平均宽度为0.91μm。

TC4钛合金TIG焊接接头的组织和力学性能研究

通过改变焊接工艺参数,在不同的焊接热输入条件下对3 mm厚TC4钛合金进行钨极氩弧焊焊接,焊后观察了接头组织,测试了显微硬度、抗拉强度和弯曲强度,并结合断口形貌特征分析了接头的断裂方式和焊缝元素成分。试验结果表明:在四种焊接热输入条件下,焊缝组织均为单一的针状α′马氏体编织而成的网篮状组织;焊缝中心部位的显微硬度值最大,在热影响区存在一个明显的软化区;焊接接头的抗拉性能良好,弯曲性能普遍不佳,延伸率和断面收缩率值偏低,接头塑韧性较差,接头断裂方式以脆性断裂为主;焊缝区的主要元素成分为Al、Ti、V,无其他元素的出现,表明焊接过程中保护效果良好。

钛合金薄板激光焊接和TIG焊接残余应力数值模拟

基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,以激光焊接和TIG焊接温度场模拟为基础,对钛合金薄板的焊接残余应力进行了数值模拟,并分析了不同焊接工艺参数对激光焊接和TIG焊接残余应力分布的影响。数值模拟中考虑了材料参数的温度相关性,并与小孔释放法测试的焊接残余应力进行比较,结果表明:计算结果和测试结果吻合较好。

钛合金TIG焊接头晶粒尺寸非线性梯度特征

以显微组织与晶粒尺寸统计分析为基础,研究了TC4钛合金不同TIG焊工艺的焊接接头显微组织及其晶粒尺寸变化,引入了晶粒梯度特征值概念,以表征钛合金焊接接头显微组织的非均匀性.结果表明,TC4钛合金TIG焊接头显微组织的晶粒尺寸从焊缝中心经热影响区至母材呈现非线性变化,晶粒尺寸变化率(晶粒梯度)在柱状晶区(CZ)和粗晶区(CGZ)交界处出现最大值,称之为晶粒梯度特征值;随着TIG焊热输入增大,晶粒梯度特征值逐渐减小,但相对位置不发生改变.晶粒尺寸梯度特征值能够反映钛合金焊接接头组织的不均匀性,这对于探索钛合金焊接接头的服役性能具有重要的意义.

表面活性剂对钛合金A-TIG焊熔深的影响

采用卤化物(CaF2,ZnF2,MnCl2)、氧化物(SiO2,TiO2,V2O5)和单质Te作为表面活性剂进行钛合金A-TIG焊,研究了表面活性剂对焊接熔深的影响规律。结果表明:3种卤化物都能增加焊接熔深,其中MnCl2使得焊接熔深达到传统TIG焊的2倍以上;3种氧化物对焊缝成形几乎没有影响;Te能明显增加焊接熔深,减小焊缝熔宽。认为电弧收缩是卤化物但不是Te增加钛合金A-TIG焊熔深的主要机理。

钛合金激光-TIG复合焊接保护状态对焊缝成形及性能影响

用激光-TIG复合热源对2.5 mm厚TA15钛合金进行对接焊试验.利用万能力学拉伸机、红外热成像仪、电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析手段对焊接接头进行测试分析,并与单TIG焊进行对比.分析焊接工艺参数和接头保护时间对焊接接头形貌和性能的影响.结果表明,实现2.5 mm厚钛合金全熔透焊接时,激光-TIG复合焊比单TIG焊速度更快、热输入更低,焊缝和热影响区更窄,晶粒更细;相同保护条件下,激光-TIG复合焊接头比单TIG焊接头具有更高的强度、塑性和更好的疲劳性能;激光-TIG复合焊缝冷却速率高于单TIG焊,获得良好的保护状态时所需保护时间更短.

TC4钛合金超音频直流脉冲TIG焊

首先对超音频直流脉冲TIG焊的特点进行了介绍,重点分析了的峰值电流、脉冲频率等关键工艺参数对超音频直流脉冲TIG焊电弧轴向等离子流力的影响规律。采用频率不同的几组超音频直流脉冲TIG焊工艺及常规直流TIG焊工艺分别焊接了2.5mm厚的TC4钛合金。用X-射线探伤检测焊缝中的气孔缺陷,根据检测结果,分析了超音频直流脉冲TIG焊过程中,能够加速气泡逸出熔池的几种作用机制;对于无缺陷的接头,检测了接头的拉伸力学性能,观察了拉伸断口SEM照片。结果表明:在脉冲频率60kHz,80kHz时,超音频直流脉冲TIG焊工艺能使TC4钛合金焊缝中的气孔缺陷出现的几率减少;随着脉冲电流频率提高,焊接接头的断后延伸率得到了显著提高。

有色合金A-TIG焊研究现状

活性化TIG焊(A-TIG焊)可以用于焊接不锈钢、碳钢、铝合金、镁合金、钛合金和镍基合金等材料。根据国内外关于A-TIG焊接技术研究、发展及应用的实际情况,综合论述了A-TIG焊接技术这一新型焊接方法在铝合金、镁合金、钛合金和镍基合金焊接领域中的研究现状。

厚板钛合金窄间隙TIG焊接头组织与性能

采用氩弧焊的方法在窄间隙条件下,采用TIG填丝多层焊的方式实现了TC4厚板钛合金的优质连接.结果表明,通过优化焊接参数和合理的惰性气体保护方案设计,保证了接头的完整性与可靠性.通过宏观和微观金相分析,发现窄间隙焊接条件下晶粒生长遵循联生结晶生长规律;由于受到焊接热循环的作用,致使接头显微结构随着冷却速度变化呈现不同的组织结构;窄间隙TIG焊接头因啮合强化而使得接头强度得到提高,焊缝的平均强度达到母材的90%以上.