Finding a suitable solution to an optimization problem designed in science is a major challenge.Therefore,these must be addressed utilizing proper approaches.Based on a random search space,optimization algorithms can ...Finding a suitable solution to an optimization problem designed in science is a major challenge.Therefore,these must be addressed utilizing proper approaches.Based on a random search space,optimization algorithms can find acceptable solutions to problems.Archery Algorithm(AA)is a new stochastic approach for addressing optimization problems that is discussed in this study.The fundamental idea of developing the suggested AA is to imitate the archer’s shooting behavior toward the target panel.The proposed algorithm updates the location of each member of the population in each dimension of the search space by a member randomly marked by the archer.The AA is mathematically described,and its capacity to solve optimization problems is evaluated on twenty-three distinct types of objective functions.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm’s performance is compared vs.eight approaches,including teaching-learning based optimization,marine predators algorithm,genetic algorithm,grey wolf optimization,particle swarm optimization,whale optimization algorithm,gravitational search algorithm,and tunicate swarm algorithm.According to the simulation findings,the AA has a good capacity to tackle optimization issues in both unimodal and multimodal scenarios,and it can give adequate quasi-optimal solutions to these problems.The analysis and comparison of competing algorithms’performance with the proposed algorithm demonstrates the superiority and competitiveness of the AA.展开更多
The Age of Innocence is the masterpiece of American female writer Edith Wharton. Set in the New York upper class be-tween 1870 s and 1880 s, the novel depicts a touching love story. This paper analyzes the character t...The Age of Innocence is the masterpiece of American female writer Edith Wharton. Set in the New York upper class be-tween 1870 s and 1880 s, the novel depicts a touching love story. This paper analyzes the character traits of Newland Archer from afeminist perspective, and analyzes how his free love is suffocated by deep-rooted conventions, so as to illustrate the deadly influ-ence of patriarchy on people at that time. The New York upper class at that time dreaded scandal more than disease, and therefore,the true love between Newland Archer and Ellen Olenska fell victim to the patriarchal society. Archer is both the supporter and vic-tim of patriarchy. Ellen is a courageous new woman who longs for freedom and equality with men and thus is rejected by the NewYork upper class and makes great sacrifices. From the analysis, this thesis maintains that the oppressive patriarchy is exactly thedeep root of his unfortunate fate. This novel shows that women-consciousness of the West was burgeoning in the 20 thcentury, andconveys the author's wish of gender equality.展开更多
Population growth, trophic level, and some aspects of reproductive biology of two congeneric archer fish species, Toxotes chatareus and Toxotes jaculatrix, collected from Johor coastal waters, Malaysia, were studied. ...Population growth, trophic level, and some aspects of reproductive biology of two congeneric archer fish species, Toxotes chatareus and Toxotes jaculatrix, collected from Johor coastal waters, Malaysia, were studied. Growth pattern by length-weight relationship (W=aLb) for the sexes differed, and exhibited positive allometric growth (male, female and combined sexes of T. chatareus; female and combined sexes of T. jaculatrix) and isometric growth (male samples of T. jaculatrix only). Trophic levels of both species were analyzed based on 128 specimens. The results show that, in both species, crustaceans and insects were the most abundant prey items, and among crustaceans the red clawed crab Sesarma bidens and Formicidae family insects were the most represented taxa. The estimated mean trophic levels for T. chatareus and T. jaculatrix were 3.422±0.009 and 3.420±0.020, respectively, indicating that they are largely carnivores. Fecundity of T. chatareus ranged from 38 354 to 147 185 eggs for females with total length ranging from 14.5 to 22.5 cm and total body weight from 48.7 to 270.2 g, and T. jaculatrix 25 251 to 150 456 eggs for females with total length ranging from 12.2 to 23.0 cm and total body weight from 25.7 to 275.0 g. Differences in values of gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes calculated for both species in this study may have resulted from uneven sample size ranges.展开更多
This article analyzes two literary works by the Czech writer, Julius Zeyer （1841-1901）, and Lu Xun （1881-1936） by elaborating upon two different myths concerning the Archer Hou Yi. These myths were presented by th...This article analyzes two literary works by the Czech writer, Julius Zeyer （1841-1901）, and Lu Xun （1881-1936） by elaborating upon two different myths concerning the Archer Hou Yi. These myths were presented by the missionary and Sinologist William Frederick Mayers in The Chinese Reader＇s Manual： A Handbook of Biographical, Historical, Mythological and General Literary References （1874）, and other Chinese sources. Zeyer highlighted the first myth, which was connected with the Emperor Yao and showed Hou Yi shooting arrows at the nine suns appearing together in the heavens, and Lu Xun preferred the second myth, where the Archer Yi rebelled against the Emperor Tai Kang, whom he drove from the Capital, and later was killed by Han Zhuo. The myth of Chang E who flew to the moon is described only by Lu Xun.展开更多
A simple yet useful criterion based on external markings and/or number of dorsal spines is currently used to differentiate two congeneric archer fish species Toxotes chatareus and Toxotes jaculatrix.Here we investigat...A simple yet useful criterion based on external markings and/or number of dorsal spines is currently used to differentiate two congeneric archer fish species Toxotes chatareus and Toxotes jaculatrix.Here we investigate other morphometric and meristic characters that can also be used to differentiate these two species.Principal component and/or discriminant functions revealed that meristic characters were highly correlated with pectoral fin ray count,number of lateral line scales,as well as number of anal fin rays.The results indicate that T.chatareus can be distinguished from T.jaculatrix by having a greater number of lateral line scales,a lower number of pectoral fin rays,and a higher number of anal fin rays.In contrast,morphometric discriminant analyses gave relatively low distinction:76.1% of fish were ascribed to the correct species cluster.The observed morphometric differences came from the dorsal and anal spines lengths,with T.chatareus having shorter dorsal and longer anal spines than T.jaculatrix.Overall,meristic traits were more useful than morphometrics in differentiating the two species;nevertheless,meristics and morphometrics together provide information about the morphological differentiation between these two closely related archer fishes.展开更多
用0、50、100、150和200 m M Na Cl溶液处理不同秋眠等级紫花苜蓿标准品种Maverick、Archer和CUF101,观察形态特征和盐害级别,测定叶片净光合速率(Pn)、细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gs),分析盐胁迫对不同秋眠等级紫花苜蓿光合特性的...用0、50、100、150和200 m M Na Cl溶液处理不同秋眠等级紫花苜蓿标准品种Maverick、Archer和CUF101,观察形态特征和盐害级别,测定叶片净光合速率(Pn)、细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gs),分析盐胁迫对不同秋眠等级紫花苜蓿光合特性的影响.不同秋眠等级紫花苜蓿植株叶片盐害级别随品种和处理浓度不同而不同,但均随Na Cl浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长而加大.在较低Na Cl浓度下Maverick、Archer和CUF101光合响应存在着预警阶段-恢复阶段-耗尽阶段,在高Na Cl浓度下,所有的供试品种光合响应直接进入耗尽阶段.展开更多
基金The research was supported by the Excellence Project PrF UHK No.2208/2021-2022,University of Hradec Kralove,Czech Republic.
文摘Finding a suitable solution to an optimization problem designed in science is a major challenge.Therefore,these must be addressed utilizing proper approaches.Based on a random search space,optimization algorithms can find acceptable solutions to problems.Archery Algorithm(AA)is a new stochastic approach for addressing optimization problems that is discussed in this study.The fundamental idea of developing the suggested AA is to imitate the archer’s shooting behavior toward the target panel.The proposed algorithm updates the location of each member of the population in each dimension of the search space by a member randomly marked by the archer.The AA is mathematically described,and its capacity to solve optimization problems is evaluated on twenty-three distinct types of objective functions.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm’s performance is compared vs.eight approaches,including teaching-learning based optimization,marine predators algorithm,genetic algorithm,grey wolf optimization,particle swarm optimization,whale optimization algorithm,gravitational search algorithm,and tunicate swarm algorithm.According to the simulation findings,the AA has a good capacity to tackle optimization issues in both unimodal and multimodal scenarios,and it can give adequate quasi-optimal solutions to these problems.The analysis and comparison of competing algorithms’performance with the proposed algorithm demonstrates the superiority and competitiveness of the AA.
文摘The Age of Innocence is the masterpiece of American female writer Edith Wharton. Set in the New York upper class be-tween 1870 s and 1880 s, the novel depicts a touching love story. This paper analyzes the character traits of Newland Archer from afeminist perspective, and analyzes how his free love is suffocated by deep-rooted conventions, so as to illustrate the deadly influ-ence of patriarchy on people at that time. The New York upper class at that time dreaded scandal more than disease, and therefore,the true love between Newland Archer and Ellen Olenska fell victim to the patriarchal society. Archer is both the supporter and vic-tim of patriarchy. Ellen is a courageous new woman who longs for freedom and equality with men and thus is rejected by the NewYork upper class and makes great sacrifices. From the analysis, this thesis maintains that the oppressive patriarchy is exactly thedeep root of his unfortunate fate. This novel shows that women-consciousness of the West was burgeoning in the 20 thcentury, andconveys the author's wish of gender equality.
基金Project supported by the Malaysia government through UKM- Science Fund (No. 04-01-02-SF0124)the fellowship of Skim Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (No. UKM-OUP-FST-2008)
文摘Population growth, trophic level, and some aspects of reproductive biology of two congeneric archer fish species, Toxotes chatareus and Toxotes jaculatrix, collected from Johor coastal waters, Malaysia, were studied. Growth pattern by length-weight relationship (W=aLb) for the sexes differed, and exhibited positive allometric growth (male, female and combined sexes of T. chatareus; female and combined sexes of T. jaculatrix) and isometric growth (male samples of T. jaculatrix only). Trophic levels of both species were analyzed based on 128 specimens. The results show that, in both species, crustaceans and insects were the most abundant prey items, and among crustaceans the red clawed crab Sesarma bidens and Formicidae family insects were the most represented taxa. The estimated mean trophic levels for T. chatareus and T. jaculatrix were 3.422±0.009 and 3.420±0.020, respectively, indicating that they are largely carnivores. Fecundity of T. chatareus ranged from 38 354 to 147 185 eggs for females with total length ranging from 14.5 to 22.5 cm and total body weight from 48.7 to 270.2 g, and T. jaculatrix 25 251 to 150 456 eggs for females with total length ranging from 12.2 to 23.0 cm and total body weight from 25.7 to 275.0 g. Differences in values of gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes calculated for both species in this study may have resulted from uneven sample size ranges.
文摘This article analyzes two literary works by the Czech writer, Julius Zeyer （1841-1901）, and Lu Xun （1881-1936） by elaborating upon two different myths concerning the Archer Hou Yi. These myths were presented by the missionary and Sinologist William Frederick Mayers in The Chinese Reader＇s Manual： A Handbook of Biographical, Historical, Mythological and General Literary References （1874）, and other Chinese sources. Zeyer highlighted the first myth, which was connected with the Emperor Yao and showed Hou Yi shooting arrows at the nine suns appearing together in the heavens, and Lu Xun preferred the second myth, where the Archer Yi rebelled against the Emperor Tai Kang, whom he drove from the Capital, and later was killed by Han Zhuo. The myth of Chang E who flew to the moon is described only by Lu Xun.
基金Project supported by the Malaysian Government through Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Science Fund(No.04-01-02-SF0124)the fellowship Schemes of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia(Nos.UKM-OUP-FST-2009 and UKM-MI-OUP-2010)
文摘A simple yet useful criterion based on external markings and/or number of dorsal spines is currently used to differentiate two congeneric archer fish species Toxotes chatareus and Toxotes jaculatrix.Here we investigate other morphometric and meristic characters that can also be used to differentiate these two species.Principal component and/or discriminant functions revealed that meristic characters were highly correlated with pectoral fin ray count,number of lateral line scales,as well as number of anal fin rays.The results indicate that T.chatareus can be distinguished from T.jaculatrix by having a greater number of lateral line scales,a lower number of pectoral fin rays,and a higher number of anal fin rays.In contrast,morphometric discriminant analyses gave relatively low distinction:76.1% of fish were ascribed to the correct species cluster.The observed morphometric differences came from the dorsal and anal spines lengths,with T.chatareus having shorter dorsal and longer anal spines than T.jaculatrix.Overall,meristic traits were more useful than morphometrics in differentiating the two species;nevertheless,meristics and morphometrics together provide information about the morphological differentiation between these two closely related archer fishes.
文摘用0、50、100、150和200 m M Na Cl溶液处理不同秋眠等级紫花苜蓿标准品种Maverick、Archer和CUF101,观察形态特征和盐害级别,测定叶片净光合速率(Pn)、细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gs),分析盐胁迫对不同秋眠等级紫花苜蓿光合特性的影响.不同秋眠等级紫花苜蓿植株叶片盐害级别随品种和处理浓度不同而不同,但均随Na Cl浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长而加大.在较低Na Cl浓度下Maverick、Archer和CUF101光合响应存在着预警阶段-恢复阶段-耗尽阶段,在高Na Cl浓度下,所有的供试品种光合响应直接进入耗尽阶段.
