Multilevel carbon architecture of subnanoscopic silicon for fast‐charging high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries

Silicon(Si)is widely used as a lithium‐ion‐battery anode owing to its high capacity and abundant crustal reserves.However,large volume change upon cycling and poor conductivity of Si cause rapid capacity decay and poor fast‐charging capability limiting its commercial applications.Here,we propose a multilevel carbon architecture with vertical graphene sheets(VGSs)grown on surfaces of subnanoscopically and homogeneously dispersed Si–C composite nanospheres,which are subsequently embedded into a carbon matrix(C/VGSs@Si–C).Subnanoscopic C in the Si–C nanospheres,VGSs,and carbon matrix form a three‐dimensional conductive and robust network,which significantly improves the conductivity and suppresses the volume expansion of Si,thereby boosting charge transport and improving electrode stability.The VGSs with vast exposed edges considerably increase the contact area with the carbon matrix and supply directional transport channels through the entire material,which boosts charge transport.The carbon matrix encapsulates VGSs@Si–C to decrease the specific surface area and increase tap density,thus yielding high first Coulombic efficiency and electrode compaction density.Consequently,C/VGSs@Si–C delivers excellent Li‐ion storage performances under industrial electrode conditions.In particular,the full cells show high energy densities of 603.5 Wh kg^(−1)and 1685.5 Wh L^(−1)at 0.1 C and maintain 80.7%of the energy density at 3 C.

Architectural Technology Strategies of Zero Energy Solar House

Taking I-Magic Cube - the entry of Shandong Jianzhu University for Solar Decathlon 2013 - for example, the paper analyzes the conceptual, technological, functional and aesthetic solutions of zero energy solar house coping with ecological, economic, social and cultural challenges. Passive strategies, the solar thermal and PV system, and the building integrated solar system tactics are elaborated. Finally, industrialization and marketing viability of the solar house prototypes are discussed.

Enhancing MXene-based supercapacitors:Role of synthesis and 3D architectures

MXene has been the limelight for studies on electrode active materials,aiming at developing supercapacitors with boosted energy density to meet the emerging influx of wearable and portable electronic devices.Despite its various desirable properties including intrinsic flexibility,high specific surface area,excellent metallic conductivity and unique abundance of surface functionalities,its full potential for electrochemical performance is hindered by the notorious restacking phenomenon of MXene nanosheets.Ascribed to its two-dimensional(2D)nature and surface functional groups,inevitable Van der Waals interactions drive the agglomeration of nanosheets,ultimately reducing the exposure of electrochemically active sites to the electrolyte,as well as severely lengthening electrolyte ion transport pathways.As a result,energy and power density deteriorate,limiting the application versatility of MXene-based supercapacitors.Constructing 3D architectures using 2D nanosheets presents as a straightforward yet ingenious approach to mitigate the fatal flaws of MXene.However,the sheer number of distinct methodologies reported,thus far,calls for a systematic review that unravels the rationale behind such 3D MXene structural designs.Herein,this review aims to serve this purpose while also scrutinizing the structure–property relationship to correlate such structural modifications to their ensuing electrochemical performance enhancements.Besides,the physicochemical properties of MXene play fundamental roles in determining the effective charge storage capabilities of 3D MXene-based electrodes.This largely depends on different MXene synthesis techniques and synthesis condition variations,hence,elucidated in this review as well.Lastly,the challenges and perspectives for achieving viable commercialization of MXene-based supercapacitor electrodes are highlighted.

An Innovative Architectural Strategy for the Integration of Energy Issues into the Design Process of a Commercial Center in Switzerland

In a context of growing efforts to develop sustainability strategies, energy-related issues occupy central stage in the built environment. Thus, the energy performance of housings has improved radically over the past decades. Yet other types of buildings, in particular commercial centers, haven’t received the same level of interest. As a result, there is a need for effective and practical measures to decrease their energy consumption, both for heating and electricity. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate that it is possible, through coherent strategies, to integrate energy issues and bioclimatic principles into the design process of commercial centers. It analyzes the exemplary case study of Marin Commercial Center (Switzerland). The interdisciplinary approach, based on integrated design strategies, aimed at increasing the energy efficiency while keeping the cost comparable to the market cost. The main design principles include natural ventilation, nighttime cooling with energy recovery and natural lighting, as well as optimization of mechanical systems. The results of the simulations show that Marin Center attains the best energy performance observed so far among Swiss commercial centers. It also meets the Swiss Minergie standard. The paper thus questions traditional design processes and outlines the need for interdisciplinary evaluation and monitoring approaches tailored for commercial centers. Even though most crucial decisions are taken during the early stages, all phases of the process require systematic optimization strategies, especially operating stages. Recommendations include legal measures, in particular in the fields of ventilation and air-conditioning, education, professional development and technology transfer, and financial incentives for the replacement of energy intensive installations.

Research on Solar Water Heating System and Architectural Integration Design—A Case Study of Anqing Children Welfare Home

Taking the planning and major architectural design projects of Anqing Children Welfare Home for example,through the research on categories and each component of solar water heating system,the paper discussed strategies and methods to realize solar energy and architectural integration design in the climate condition and location environment of Anhui Province.

Rethinking Enterprise Architecture for Sustainable Energy System Development

The development of a sustainable energy system throughout an enterprise is a complex task, which requires an agile holistic approach. Such an approach needs to include a variety of objectives including energy strategy formation and strategic decision-making, which are directly related to the analysis and management of the main areas of sustainable development： The economic, technological, environmental, and social. These multidimensional requirements of sustainability are often difficult to achieve within the enterprise, because these aspects are interrelated and influenced by various internal and external environment factors. This paper first reviews the main challenges for an energy system, and then demonstrates how a strategic agile enterprise architecture driven approach could effectively guide the sustainable energy system development. The study presented in this paper provides a holistic approach that contributes to the advancement and usage of literature dealing with issues of sustainable energy system development and agile enterprise architecture, which has not been discussed before to any great extent.

Research on the Trusted Energy-Saving Transmission of Data Center Network

According to the high operating costs and a large number of energy waste in the current data center network architectures, we propose a kind of trusted flow preemption scheduling combining the energy-saving routing mechanism based on typical data center network architecture. The mechanism can make the network flow in its exclusive network link bandwidth and transmission path, which can improve the link utilization and the use of the network energy efficiency. Meanwhile, we apply trusted computing to guarantee the high security, high performance and high fault-tolerant routing forwarding service, which helps improving the average completion time of network flow.

A Brief Analysis of Energy Conservation Ways by Building Materials for Ecological Architecture

The development of society and economy in China is bringing growth to all industries. In particular, the development of China’s building industry has attracted much attention. Building materials are an important part of and widely used in the building industry. Energy conservation by building materials has become an inevitable way of sustainable development. Centering on the building industry, this paper mainly discusses in detail the energy conservation ways by ecological architecture and building materials.

Technology Innovation in Digital Architectural Processes

In the new architectural configurations, energy efficiency and savings, are shown mainly by technological development, in the growing field of IT （Information Technology）, integrated into the new design concept with intelligent efficiency. The objective is to adopt innovative digital technological systems, with intelligent materials that interact in the new design process and product with the computational designer for buildings which meet the needs of users and optimize efficient spaces. Innovation and energy technology are sharper focus, in tall buildings, office buildings, commercial buildings, hospitals, etc. with adoption of high-performance sensitive technological systems. The methodology is to install efficient buildings, systems with innovative digital devices that interface with the user and the central control system of building automation through Z-wave wireless networks and sensors of BIoT （Building the Internet of Things）. So deep energy strategies with flexible and coordinated integrated management for climate control, distribution of electricity from renewable sources, for high-performance digital sensitive architectures, also as a response to climate change at COP 21 in Paris. Thus reducing costs with self-management of smartphones, tablets, and engineering of sustainable materials, nanostructured, to increase thermal insulation performance, mechanical, energy sensitive develops contextualized in the redevelopment of the building.

Energy Aware Processor Architecture for Effective Scheduling and Power Management in Cloud Using Inclusive Power-Cognizant Processor Controller

The fast acceptance of cloud technology to industry explains increasing energy conservation needs and adoption of energy aware scheduling methods to cloud. Power consumption is one of the top of mind issues in cloud, because the usage of cloud storage by the individuals or organization grows rapidly. Developing an efficient power management processor architecture has gained considerable attention. However, the conventional power management mechanism fails to consider task scheduling policies. Therefore, this work presents a novel energy aware framework for power management. The proposed system leads to the development of Inclusive Power-Cognizant Processor Controller (IPCPC) for efficient power utilization. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, simulation experiments inputting random tasks as well as tasks collected from Google Trace Logs were conducted to validate the supremacy of IPCPC. The research based on Real world Google Trace Logs gives results that proposed framework leads to less than 9% of total power consumption per task of server which proves reduction in the overall power needed.

An Energy-aware Hierarchical Architecture Design Scheme

Compared with the flat architecture in the design of sensor networks, the hierarchical architecture gains much attractive for the reason of scalability, management and energy efficiency. In order to distribute the energy evenly, nodes act the cluster head in some orders. The existing approaches don’t pay a critical attention to the overhead during the role rotations. And the duration of a round is a priori, which is very application-specific. An energy-aware hierarchical architecture design scheme is put forward in this paper, namely, Adaptive Minimum Rotational Cost (AMRC) cluster formation scheme. The decision of beginning a new round is made adaptively by the cluster head itself. It combines the dynamic and static advantages in the clustering architecture. The simulation results demonstrate AMRC outperforms some other clustering protocols in many aspects.

Application Research and Case Analysis of Green Technology in Building Engineering under the Direction of Energy Conservation Demands

With the rapid development of the economy,the scale of construction projects in China is gradually expanding.In terms of construction technology,continuous innovation is being made to meet the needs of sustainable development strategies,and green energy conservation technologies have emerged.It has a brand new design concept,and advocates for maximum energy conservation and environmental protection,fundamentally promoting the rational use of resources and space,and preventing the expansion of air and land pollution.First of all,a brief explanation is given on the current development status of green energy conservation technology in this paper.Secondly,through the introduction and analysis of energy conservation technologies and related building cases,the in-depth research on energy conservation measures of buildings is conducted.Finally,the prospects of green energy conservation technologies are proposed based on the current development status in China.This paper has certain reference value for its related engineering and theoretical research.

A Smart Home Energy Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things and Inter Planetary File System for Secure Data Sharing

Energy demand will continue to rise as a result of predicted population growth. In this work, a user-friendly home energy monitoring system based on IoT is described, which is capable of collecting, analyzing, and displaying data. Users register their sensors and devices on the monitoring platform. PostgreSQL and Elasticsearch databases are used to store the resulting measurements. In a smart home, the wireless sensor ACS712 was used to monitor the flow of electricity (current and voltage) for a household device. The user can share data about electricity consumption and costs with a third party via the private IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) network. A third party can download all the energy consumption data for a device or many devices from the platform for 1 day, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. The studies on the development of energy-efficient technology for home devices benefit greatly from the gathered data. For security in the system, it is preferred to run Keyrock Idm, Wilma Pep Proxy, and Orion Context Broker in HTTPS mode, and MQTTS is used to retrieve sensor data. The experimental results showed that the energy monitoring system accurately records voltage, current, active power, and the total amount of power used and offers low-cost solutions to the users using household devices in a day.

能源区块链的跨链服务安全技术研究进展

在“双碳”目标推动下,能源产业数字化转型势在必行.随着区块链在能源行业数字化转型应用和发展,能源区块链概念逐渐形成共识,它是区块链与能源互联网深度融合的产业新形态,可助力能源主体之间的高效协作,为绿色低碳等创新业务模式提供技术支撑与服务.能源区块链的规模化发展离不开多层次跨链技术的突破,但能源区块链的跨链服务还面临着许多问题.将目前能源区块链领域的研究现状分为5类,即能源区块链架构、智能合约应用、跨链技术、区块链节点管理和区块链隐私保护,针对这5个方向分别总结相关研究工作,详细梳理出各研究方案的原理、优势与不足;然后,为促进能源区块链的跨链服务安全技术的发展,根据能源区块链的现实需求,结合监管机制与共识机制提出多层次跨链协同监管的能源区块链架构;最后,总结出能源区块链跨链服务安全技术中亟待解决的问题,并提出区块链在能源领域的研究展望.

子连接有源可重构智能表面辅助的宽带无蜂窝网络能效优化

面对无蜂窝网络中超密集基站部署产生的高功耗问题,提出了一种基于子连接有源可重构智能表面辅助的宽带无蜂窝网络系统。考虑有源智能超表面最大功率约束、放大因子约束和基站端最大功率约束,构建了一个联合基站和可重构智能表面波束优化的能效最大化问题。由于所形成的优化问题非凸,提出了一种交替优化方案将原问题转化为多个子问题,进而利用块坐标下降、拉格朗日对偶变换、多维复二次变换等方法将每个子问题转化为凸优化问题,通过交替求解每个子问题最终获得原问题的解。仿真结果验证了所提方案的有效性。

高速公路绿色能源系统体系架构初探

高速公路为我国工业化与城镇化的推进做出重要贡献,能源系统支撑高速公路履行位移使命,与之而来的巨大碳排放量、环境污染等负面效应亦愈发凸显。当前高速公路能源系统的运行严重依赖于大电网,可再生能源渗透率低,部分偏远地区能源可及性差,粗排放、非协同增长方式难以满足高速公路的安全、高效、绿色与智能用能要求。在此背景下,能源交通融合发展成为践行“交通强国”战略和“30·60”双碳战略的必然选择。本文首先分析现有高速公路能源系统的不足之处,结合能源互联网和综合能源系统理念,提出建设高速公路绿色能源系统,以充分发挥高速公路自身的资源禀赋优势;接着建立高速公路绿色能源系统体系架构,用以指导系统构建;进而基于实际运行需要,综合技术研究现状与难点探讨,从需求、功能、技术、物理四个层面进行体系架构解析;然后分析了高速公路绿色能源系统建设涉及的两个科学问题;最后对高速公路绿色能源系统未来的研究重点做出展望。

新能源技术创新平台建设问题

在“双碳”目标背景下,应积极抢抓新能源产业发展重大机遇,大力实施创新驱动发展战略,以企业为主体、市场为导向、产业为核心,着力构建以创新链、产业链、资金链、政策链相互支撑的创新体系。文章首先概述了建设新能源技术创新平台的意义,并详细阐述了新能源技术创新平台建设目标及重点内容,分析了新能源技术创新平台业务架构,进而总结了新能源技术创新平台建设和试运行期间存在的问题:缺乏相应的考核机制、激励机制和竞争机制;平台运行经费保障能力有限;人才队伍建设有待加强。针对问题提出加强平台建设的顶层设计,完善平台运行机制;保障平台运行经费;加强人才队伍等具体对策建议。

建筑空间最优节能设计模型仿真研究

由于建筑结构主体较多,空间能耗难以合并控制,导致目前建筑空间能源耗用量较大。为此,构建基于等效转换法的建筑空间最优节能模型,并对其仿真研究。提出建筑总体能耗作为初始优化的“尺度”概念,该尺度为建筑空间的外墙、内墙、屋顶、分户楼板以及门窗等参数,求解这些尺度的最佳标准值。采用等效转换法计算在节能条件下所能接受的最大能耗范围。在此基础上,以上述范围值为约束条件,建立控制函数。将上述提到标准尺度值和最大能耗范围设置为最优解,建立最优节能设计模型,设定温差调节因子,对每一次室内外温差实施有效调节控制,保证建筑体参数符合最佳能耗范围。仿真结果证明,所提方法对冬季采暖和夏季制冷的能耗控制效果均较佳,节能效果最优且算法收敛性高,鲁棒性较好。

江西天井式民居生态适宜性探究

江西地区传统天井式民居具有良好的生态适宜性,在漫长的岁月中形成一套人与自然相和谐的共处模式。文章选取典型案例进行实地测绘、建模,借助Ecotect、Phoenics以及Energy Plus软件进行模拟分析,比较天井式民居与现代民居的光环境、风环境及能耗,验证天井式民居宜居性特征,分析天井式民居生态适宜性的优势与短板,并提出提高现代乡土民居生态适宜性的设计策略,以期为现代建筑的被动式节能技术提供优化思路。

基于建筑本源的绿色建筑通风形式设计研究与实践

基于建筑本源的绿色建筑设计方法是以建筑本源理论创作为基础,以绿色建筑的显性要素与隐性要素协同为出发点,以建筑师的建筑创作为视角,强化通过显性要素的绿色技术创作、地域性建构、设计节能等内容,最大限度地建构与挖掘绿色建筑本源创作基础,并基于此形成适宜的隐性要素关联匹配的绿色建筑创作新方法。讨论了一种基于建筑本源的绿色建筑通风形式设计研究,提出绿色建筑是具备生态意义的显性要素和隐性要素的集合,剖面、平面和层间3类的通风原型是一种显性要素基础性生态装置,而合院建筑的通风则是一种复杂形体下的上述通风原型的集合呈现。以上海市某合院建筑为例,在项目实践中对其通风形式设计进行探讨,具备了实际的示范意义,为相关项目的设计提供参考。