The application of PV faades emerges greatly in recent years and however its calculation methods and analysis remains insufficient under the weather conditions of China. In such demand,this paper investigates PV fa...The application of PV faades emerges greatly in recent years and however its calculation methods and analysis remains insufficient under the weather conditions of China. In such demand,this paper investigates PV faade in terms of PV electricity generation in different arrangements and weather conditions of four major cities in China. The calculation models for PV faade are developed and validated by comparing the results with the measured data from the field experiments. A parametric study is carried out to provide a reference for the optimal design of the PV faades. The results show that with various cities,building orientations,building forms,materials and arrangements of PV modules,there is a distinct difference in the electrical output energy of PV faades. Weather conditions play a very important role in terms of PV generation performance of PV faades.展开更多
Over time,the traditional house in central Iran,which Tehran geographically belongs to,has undergone deep physical and morphological changes as a result of technological,social and economic transformations,passing fro...Over time,the traditional house in central Iran,which Tehran geographically belongs to,has undergone deep physical and morphological changes as a result of technological,social and economic transformations,passing from the characteristics of an introverted house enclosed by walls overlooking an inner courtyard to the multi-storey condominium with an extroverted outlook.Here the façade becomes a key element:it is a threshold between urban and private,outdoor and indoor.The article shows a mosaic of patterns and materials of the new mid-rise residential building façades via photographs and diagrams to emphasize the strict connection between contemporary design and local tradition.展开更多
The manual visual inspections of façade building defects are posing a high and increasing cost for building asset managers,particularly when inspections delay projects or require asset outages,visits to decommiss...The manual visual inspections of façade building defects are posing a high and increasing cost for building asset managers,particularly when inspections delay projects or require asset outages,visits to decommissioned sites or work within hazardous environments.This paper reports on the development,testing and delivery of a working mobile app prototype to facilitate the inspections and documentation of building facade condition monitoring.The work presented builds upon the development of an online platform for remote building inspection based on the integration of methodologies and tools,including VR(virtual reality),and digital photogrammetry to collect real-time data that support automated decision making.The mobile app:(i)allows the user to import 3D models and 2D building plans;(ii)provides the means of first-person exploration of models via a VR headset;and(iii)captures,records and catalogues images of façade defect types,and the date and time.An inspection case study was used to demonstrate and evaluate the mobile app prototype.The Building Inspector app allows building professionals to manage inspections and to track past and ongoing monitoring of the condition of building façades.展开更多
The present research aims to identify the possibilities of rehabilitation of building facades in the centre of Chisinau, through the use of high-performance materials, use of high-performance technologies in exec...The present research aims to identify the possibilities of rehabilitation of building facades in the centre of Chisinau, through the use of high-performance materials, use of high-performance technologies in execution, reduction of facade renovation costs, etc. In the process of organising the rehabilitation works of historical buildings of architectural value, we are dealing with the following: the value of the rehabilitation works of a historical building is very high, the duration of the rehabilitation is important, the attitude of the society is insufficient, the lack of strategies for the rehabilitation of buildings at the municipality level. In order to achieve this objective, we propose to research the following tasks: definition of the concept of rehabilitation of buildings in the Historic Centre of Chisinau;legislative, normative assurance of rehabilitation of historical heritage in the Republic of Moldova;analysis of the situation in Chisinau on the example of historical buildings with limestone finishes and examination by non-destructive methods of facades;solutions for rehabilitation of facades of historical buildings by comparing two types of technologies. In conclusion, emphasis will be placed on the choice of the most efficient method in terms of material, technology and cost.展开更多
Multidisciplinary, integrated planning approach by architects, engineers, scientists and manufacturers to reduce energy consumption of buildings. The CIIRC Complex, located on the main campus of Czech Technical Univer...Multidisciplinary, integrated planning approach by architects, engineers, scientists and manufacturers to reduce energy consumption of buildings. The CIIRC Complex, located on the main campus of Czech Technical University in Prague consists of two buildings, newly constructed building and adaptive reuse of existing building. CIIRC—Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics is a contemporary teaching facility of new generation and use for scientific research teams. New building has ten above-ground floors, on the bottom 4 floors of laboratories, scientist modules, classrooms, above are offices, meeting rooms, teaching and research modules for professors and students. Offices of the rector are on the last two floors of the building. On the top floor is congress type auditorium, in the basement is fully automatic car park. Double skin pneumatic cushions facade. In the project are introduced series of architectural and technical features and innovations. Probably the most visible is the double skin facade facing south-transparent double layer membrane ETFE (Ethylen-TetraFluorEthylen) cushions with triple glazed modular system assembly. Acting as solar collector, recuperating of hot air on the top floors, saving up to 30% of an energy consumption.展开更多
Building surface cool materials are novel materials that can reduce urban heat island intensity and decrease building energy consumption.This study investigated the impact of radiative properties of materials,faç...Building surface cool materials are novel materials that can reduce urban heat island intensity and decrease building energy consumption.This study investigated the impact of radiative properties of materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption in six typical residential neighborhoods in Nanjing,China.The neighborhood energy consumption of 16 application schemes considering the façade orientation factor is compared to determine the best energy-saving scheme.Seasonal and annual energy-saving rates,savings in electricity costs,and the price ceiling for materials per unit area are analyzed.The results show that for low-rise buildings,using cool materials only on the roof can reduce the annual energy consumption by 1%.When cool or super cool materials are also used on the building façade,the annual energy saving rate can be up to 3.4%and 4.3%,respectively.Using cool materials on the south façade of buildings is not recommended due to significant heat loss in winter.Considering savings in electricity costs and the price ceiling for materials per unit area,the price of cool and super cool materials should be less than 3.0 and 3.7 RMB/m2,respectively,assuming a lifespan of eight years in Nanjing.展开更多
Building-Integrated Photovoltaic(BIPV)on vertical façades is a potential PV application in today’s buildings.The performance of BIPV on façades is significantly influenced by the façade orientation.For...Building-Integrated Photovoltaic(BIPV)on vertical façades is a potential PV application in today’s buildings.The performance of BIPV on façades is significantly influenced by the façade orientation.For tropical cities,the optimum façade orientation,in terms of maximum energy yield and daylight performance,cannot be simply determined,due to relatively symmetrical sun path throughout the day.This study therefore aims to determine the optimum orientation for BIPV on tropical building façades.To achieve the objective,experiment,modelling,and computational simulation are conducted to evaluate the BIPV energy yield and to predict the indoor daylight performance in a scale-model building with a 105Wp monocrystalline silicon PV,facing each cardinal orienta-tion in Bandung,Indonesia.The South orientation yields practically zero ASE_(1000,250),providing the best annual daylight performance,and yielding the most desirable value in four out of five daylight metrics.The greatest annual energy yield is at the North orientation,providing 179-186 kWh(95%prediction interval)per year,but with larger uncertainty compared to that at the South,due to direct sunlight occurrence.Based on three different objective functions,the South orientation is considered optimum for placing the BIPV panel on the prototype façade in the location.展开更多
In the literature that follows the history and theory of architecture,architecture is mainly studied from the aspect of disposition,construction and materialization“in itself”,sporadically establishing the“original...In the literature that follows the history and theory of architecture,architecture is mainly studied from the aspect of disposition,construction and materialization“in itself”,sporadically establishing the“originality”(first appearance)of certain dimensions of architectural solutions and their connection with solutions from previous historical epochs.The title of this work(Network of Architectural Paths)suggests the simultaneous uniqueness(authenticity)of people and their culture throughout the planet Earth and comprehensiveness(universality)of human ideas and all forms of human creativity.The aim of this work is to show the authenticity of ideas(expressed by architecture)in accordance with the concrete natural and social environment and,at the same time,their mutual connection(networking)on the global world level(Earth).Examples of vernacular architecture in various parts of the world and examples of author’s(contemporary)architecture in other parts of the world that are articulated in the language of the modern era while preserving the concepts of their vernecular“models”are thus compared.The methodological approach in this paper is based on the author’s theory of architecture,which he described and published in his book:Hadrovic,A.(2007).Defining Architectural Space on the Model of the Oriental Style CityHouse in Bosnia and Herzegovina,Serbia,Montenegro,Kosovo and Macedonia,Booksurge,LLC,North Charleston,SC,USA.展开更多
Ad hoc网络是一种多跳移动自组织网络 ,它需要特殊的体系结构来支持路由、管理和其他网络功能。首先介绍了 Ad hoc网络的一些显著特点 ,然后详细分析了 Ad hoc网络的体系结构。接着介绍了一种性能较好的分簇算法并讨论了簇维护机制和码...Ad hoc网络是一种多跳移动自组织网络 ,它需要特殊的体系结构来支持路由、管理和其他网络功能。首先介绍了 Ad hoc网络的一些显著特点 ,然后详细分析了 Ad hoc网络的体系结构。接着介绍了一种性能较好的分簇算法并讨论了簇维护机制和码字分配等问题。展开更多
分簇算法即根据系统要求将节点组成可管理的集合 ,继而形成满足系统要求的合理的网络结构 ,它直接影响 Ad hoc网络的各种性能指标。首先阐述了 Ad hoc网络的体系结构和存在的问题 ,然后介绍了与分簇算法相关的一些定义和分簇算法的目标...分簇算法即根据系统要求将节点组成可管理的集合 ,继而形成满足系统要求的合理的网络结构 ,它直接影响 Ad hoc网络的各种性能指标。首先阐述了 Ad hoc网络的体系结构和存在的问题 ,然后介绍了与分簇算法相关的一些定义和分簇算法的目标。接着对 Ad展开更多
ad hoc网络与传统有线和无线蜂窝网络有着显著的区别,基于传统的分层协议栈的设计方法不再适合adhoc网络,而应采用一种新型的跨层协议栈和跨层设计方法。本文首先阐述了adhoc网络的特点和传统的分层协议栈的弊端,介绍了跨层设计的概念...ad hoc网络与传统有线和无线蜂窝网络有着显著的区别,基于传统的分层协议栈的设计方法不再适合adhoc网络,而应采用一种新型的跨层协议栈和跨层设计方法。本文首先阐述了adhoc网络的特点和传统的分层协议栈的弊端,介绍了跨层设计的概念。然后,详细分析了adhoc网络中跨层设计的方法,包括策略、体系结构和信令交互方式,探讨了跨层设计的相关技术和面临的挑战。最后,总结了全文并指出了今后的工作方向。展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51008136)the Graduates’ Innovation and Enterprise Fund of HUST (Grant No.HF-11-12-2013)
文摘The application of PV faades emerges greatly in recent years and however its calculation methods and analysis remains insufficient under the weather conditions of China. In such demand,this paper investigates PV faade in terms of PV electricity generation in different arrangements and weather conditions of four major cities in China. The calculation models for PV faade are developed and validated by comparing the results with the measured data from the field experiments. A parametric study is carried out to provide a reference for the optimal design of the PV faades. The results show that with various cities,building orientations,building forms,materials and arrangements of PV modules,there is a distinct difference in the electrical output energy of PV faades. Weather conditions play a very important role in terms of PV generation performance of PV faades.
基金When I was in Tehran three years ago,I had the opportunity to visit and meet some architects:this was the starting point to investigate Iranian architecture,especially the residential sector.I would like to acknowledge the seven architectural firms which answered my call and sent me photos and diagrams of the case studies chosen:Admun Studio,Faezeh Hadian Design Studio,Alidoost&Partners,Keivani Architects,Ayeneh Office,TDC Office.Thanks also go to Parham Rashidi for his valuable support in contacting the architects.
文摘Over time,the traditional house in central Iran,which Tehran geographically belongs to,has undergone deep physical and morphological changes as a result of technological,social and economic transformations,passing from the characteristics of an introverted house enclosed by walls overlooking an inner courtyard to the multi-storey condominium with an extroverted outlook.Here the façade becomes a key element:it is a threshold between urban and private,outdoor and indoor.The article shows a mosaic of patterns and materials of the new mid-rise residential building façades via photographs and diagrams to emphasize the strict connection between contemporary design and local tradition.
文摘The manual visual inspections of façade building defects are posing a high and increasing cost for building asset managers,particularly when inspections delay projects or require asset outages,visits to decommissioned sites or work within hazardous environments.This paper reports on the development,testing and delivery of a working mobile app prototype to facilitate the inspections and documentation of building facade condition monitoring.The work presented builds upon the development of an online platform for remote building inspection based on the integration of methodologies and tools,including VR(virtual reality),and digital photogrammetry to collect real-time data that support automated decision making.The mobile app:(i)allows the user to import 3D models and 2D building plans;(ii)provides the means of first-person exploration of models via a VR headset;and(iii)captures,records and catalogues images of façade defect types,and the date and time.An inspection case study was used to demonstrate and evaluate the mobile app prototype.The Building Inspector app allows building professionals to manage inspections and to track past and ongoing monitoring of the condition of building façades.
文摘The present research aims to identify the possibilities of rehabilitation of building facades in the centre of Chisinau, through the use of high-performance materials, use of high-performance technologies in execution, reduction of facade renovation costs, etc. In the process of organising the rehabilitation works of historical buildings of architectural value, we are dealing with the following: the value of the rehabilitation works of a historical building is very high, the duration of the rehabilitation is important, the attitude of the society is insufficient, the lack of strategies for the rehabilitation of buildings at the municipality level. In order to achieve this objective, we propose to research the following tasks: definition of the concept of rehabilitation of buildings in the Historic Centre of Chisinau;legislative, normative assurance of rehabilitation of historical heritage in the Republic of Moldova;analysis of the situation in Chisinau on the example of historical buildings with limestone finishes and examination by non-destructive methods of facades;solutions for rehabilitation of facades of historical buildings by comparing two types of technologies. In conclusion, emphasis will be placed on the choice of the most efficient method in terms of material, technology and cost.
文摘Multidisciplinary, integrated planning approach by architects, engineers, scientists and manufacturers to reduce energy consumption of buildings. The CIIRC Complex, located on the main campus of Czech Technical University in Prague consists of two buildings, newly constructed building and adaptive reuse of existing building. CIIRC—Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics is a contemporary teaching facility of new generation and use for scientific research teams. New building has ten above-ground floors, on the bottom 4 floors of laboratories, scientist modules, classrooms, above are offices, meeting rooms, teaching and research modules for professors and students. Offices of the rector are on the last two floors of the building. On the top floor is congress type auditorium, in the basement is fully automatic car park. Double skin pneumatic cushions facade. In the project are introduced series of architectural and technical features and innovations. Probably the most visible is the double skin facade facing south-transparent double layer membrane ETFE (Ethylen-TetraFluorEthylen) cushions with triple glazed modular system assembly. Acting as solar collector, recuperating of hot air on the top floors, saving up to 30% of an energy consumption.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project No.52278110)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(project No.KYCX23_0170).
文摘Building surface cool materials are novel materials that can reduce urban heat island intensity and decrease building energy consumption.This study investigated the impact of radiative properties of materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption in six typical residential neighborhoods in Nanjing,China.The neighborhood energy consumption of 16 application schemes considering the façade orientation factor is compared to determine the best energy-saving scheme.Seasonal and annual energy-saving rates,savings in electricity costs,and the price ceiling for materials per unit area are analyzed.The results show that for low-rise buildings,using cool materials only on the roof can reduce the annual energy consumption by 1%.When cool or super cool materials are also used on the building façade,the annual energy saving rate can be up to 3.4%and 4.3%,respectively.Using cool materials on the south façade of buildings is not recommended due to significant heat loss in winter.Considering savings in electricity costs and the price ceiling for materials per unit area,the price of cool and super cool materials should be less than 3.0 and 3.7 RMB/m2,respectively,assuming a lifespan of eight years in Nanjing.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia,through the In-donesia Collaboration Research Program(RKI)2022.
文摘Building-Integrated Photovoltaic(BIPV)on vertical façades is a potential PV application in today’s buildings.The performance of BIPV on façades is significantly influenced by the façade orientation.For tropical cities,the optimum façade orientation,in terms of maximum energy yield and daylight performance,cannot be simply determined,due to relatively symmetrical sun path throughout the day.This study therefore aims to determine the optimum orientation for BIPV on tropical building façades.To achieve the objective,experiment,modelling,and computational simulation are conducted to evaluate the BIPV energy yield and to predict the indoor daylight performance in a scale-model building with a 105Wp monocrystalline silicon PV,facing each cardinal orienta-tion in Bandung,Indonesia.The South orientation yields practically zero ASE_(1000,250),providing the best annual daylight performance,and yielding the most desirable value in four out of five daylight metrics.The greatest annual energy yield is at the North orientation,providing 179-186 kWh(95%prediction interval)per year,but with larger uncertainty compared to that at the South,due to direct sunlight occurrence.Based on three different objective functions,the South orientation is considered optimum for placing the BIPV panel on the prototype façade in the location.
文摘In the literature that follows the history and theory of architecture,architecture is mainly studied from the aspect of disposition,construction and materialization“in itself”,sporadically establishing the“originality”(first appearance)of certain dimensions of architectural solutions and their connection with solutions from previous historical epochs.The title of this work(Network of Architectural Paths)suggests the simultaneous uniqueness(authenticity)of people and their culture throughout the planet Earth and comprehensiveness(universality)of human ideas and all forms of human creativity.The aim of this work is to show the authenticity of ideas(expressed by architecture)in accordance with the concrete natural and social environment and,at the same time,their mutual connection(networking)on the global world level(Earth).Examples of vernacular architecture in various parts of the world and examples of author’s(contemporary)architecture in other parts of the world that are articulated in the language of the modern era while preserving the concepts of their vernecular“models”are thus compared.The methodological approach in this paper is based on the author’s theory of architecture,which he described and published in his book:Hadrovic,A.(2007).Defining Architectural Space on the Model of the Oriental Style CityHouse in Bosnia and Herzegovina,Serbia,Montenegro,Kosovo and Macedonia,Booksurge,LLC,North Charleston,SC,USA.
