Architecture characterization of Ordovician fault-controlled paleokarst carbonate reservoirs in Tuoputai,Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin,NW China

Based on outcrop,core,logging,seismic and production data,and the formation of fault-controlled karst reservoirs,the types and characterization of Ordovician fault-controlled karst reservoir architectures in the Tuoputai area of the Tahe oilfield are studied.According to the concept of genetic geologic body,the fault-controlled karst reservoir is divided into architecture elements of four levels,the strike-slip fault impact zone is the level-1 architecture element,the fault-controlled karst reservoir the level-2 architecture element,the fracture-cave zone(which can be further subdivided into dissolution cave,dissolution pore and vug,and fracture zones)inside the fault-controlled karst reservoir the level-3 architecture element,and fillings inside caves is the level-4 architecture element(which can be further divided based on the filling degree and lithologic types of the fillings).Specific characterization techniques have been optimized according to the characteristics of various architecture elements.The zone impacted by strike-slip fault is characterized by seismic coherence and artificial interpretation.Under the constraint of zone impacted by strike-slip fault,fault likelihood(FL)property is used to characterize the outline of fault-controlled karst reservoir.Under the constraint of fault-controlled karst reservoir outline,the internal structures are divided based on seismic texture attribute.Finally,the cavern filling pattern is interpreted based on drilling and logging data.The fault-controlled karst reservoirs can be interpreted in 3-dimensional space by architecture element levels,and the characterization technology combining log and seismic data for fault-controlled karst reservoir has been worked out,which has complemented the development theory and technologies for this kind of reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield.

Defensible citadel:History and architectural character of the Lahore Railway Station

This study aims to investigate the defensible character of the Lahore railway station built in response to"the war of independenee in 1857,"which greatly impacted the location and design of the building.This study demonstrates the in tegral role played by the railway station in the development of the new colonial city,which the British wants to be defensive in every aspect.Railways were introduced in Pakistan(India)soon after their inauguration in Britain.Beginning from the mode of transportation,the multifaced contribution of railways toward the urban growth,new architectural style,mode of construction,and technology cannot be recanted.The research is based on the documentation and analysis of the history of Lahore railway station design.First,this study uses primary and secondary data to offer a history of the Lahore railway station from its inception to final execution.Second,it explores the criteria adopted by the British for its site selection to make the station a defensible post.The research finding in eludes the visual features that enhanced the architectural character of the building.Qualitative methods are used including several other approaches,namely,literature review,archival data collection,analysis of photographs,and study of architectural drawings and old maps,to achieve the objectives.