Nowadays human society enters the 21st century, with the rapid economic and technological development, people＇s material and spiritual requirements has got great satisfaction. However, natural environmental damage br...Nowadays human society enters the 21st century, with the rapid economic and technological development, people＇s material and spiritual requirements has got great satisfaction. However, natural environmental damage brought by us is also accelerating. Natural disasters happen frequently, including ecological degradation and deterioration, energy resources crisis, greenhouse effect, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes etc. The global crisis has once again waken-up call to mankind. How to properly solve these crises had become a common and urgent responsibility of mankind. This paper will mainly discuss and seek some new potential methods in solving energy crisis and environmental problems from the perspective of automotive and architecture design. As an architect, how to avoid light pollution and reduce heat absorption of roof, increasing heat reflectance of roof are becoming their main and urgent responsibilities. On the other hand, reducing greenhouse effect, researching and developing new low-carbon, low-emission fuel sources are also becoming automotive designers＇ obligations. Living in harmony with nature ＆ earth is becoming the common human themes of the 21 st century.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to explore how the“Beaux-Arts”“composition”sustained the constitution of design principles for architectural production in China in the last two decades of the twentieth century.“Comp...The purpose of this paper is to explore how the“Beaux-Arts”“composition”sustained the constitution of design principles for architectural production in China in the last two decades of the twentieth century.“Composition”,a key technique of the“Beaux-Arts”system,is not a simple act of“putting elements together”into a unified whole,but also relates to an array of different“constructions”of architectural knowledge which regulate and sustain the act of design.Through analysing the structure of three“textbooks”published in the early 1980s,this paper examines three aspects of the“constructions”:the setting up of the principles for governing architectural forms,regularisation of design methods and approaches for architectural practice,and the construction of a“tradition”for the expression of“Chineseness”.展开更多
A fundamental criterion for reusing and continuously improving knowledge in product development is ensuring that the knowledge is explicit and visual.This paper is based on the situation of an engineer-to-order（ETO）...A fundamental criterion for reusing and continuously improving knowledge in product development is ensuring that the knowledge is explicit and visual.This paper is based on the situation of an engineer-to-order（ETO） manufacturing company,where historically grown product variety and related knowledge are diffuse（tacit）.Consequently,several resources are used in（re）developing derivatives of previous products rather than innovating new ones.To establish a more competitive configure-to-order（CTO） product strategy,product knowledge needs to be revealed,systemized,and structured,and thus made explicit.Hence,product-specific knowledge and product variants have been analyzed and subsequently mapped at architectural,functional,and physical levels in one unified map and tested in the form of a proof-of-concept（POC）demonstrator with the introduced SME company.The result is a product portfolio map that forms a base for defining a systemized,transparent,unified product variant overview,which can be used as a basis for implementing a cross-variant product architecture and supporting knowledge-based approaches.展开更多
文摘Nowadays human society enters the 21st century, with the rapid economic and technological development, people＇s material and spiritual requirements has got great satisfaction. However, natural environmental damage brought by us is also accelerating. Natural disasters happen frequently, including ecological degradation and deterioration, energy resources crisis, greenhouse effect, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes etc. The global crisis has once again waken-up call to mankind. How to properly solve these crises had become a common and urgent responsibility of mankind. This paper will mainly discuss and seek some new potential methods in solving energy crisis and environmental problems from the perspective of automotive and architecture design. As an architect, how to avoid light pollution and reduce heat absorption of roof, increasing heat reflectance of roof are becoming their main and urgent responsibilities. On the other hand, reducing greenhouse effect, researching and developing new low-carbon, low-emission fuel sources are also becoming automotive designers＇ obligations. Living in harmony with nature ＆ earth is becoming the common human themes of the 21 st century.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to explore how the“Beaux-Arts”“composition”sustained the constitution of design principles for architectural production in China in the last two decades of the twentieth century.“Composition”,a key technique of the“Beaux-Arts”system,is not a simple act of“putting elements together”into a unified whole,but also relates to an array of different“constructions”of architectural knowledge which regulate and sustain the act of design.Through analysing the structure of three“textbooks”published in the early 1980s,this paper examines three aspects of the“constructions”:the setting up of the principles for governing architectural forms,regularisation of design methods and approaches for architectural practice,and the construction of a“tradition”for the expression of“Chineseness”.
文摘A fundamental criterion for reusing and continuously improving knowledge in product development is ensuring that the knowledge is explicit and visual.This paper is based on the situation of an engineer-to-order（ETO） manufacturing company,where historically grown product variety and related knowledge are diffuse（tacit）.Consequently,several resources are used in（re）developing derivatives of previous products rather than innovating new ones.To establish a more competitive configure-to-order（CTO） product strategy,product knowledge needs to be revealed,systemized,and structured,and thus made explicit.Hence,product-specific knowledge and product variants have been analyzed and subsequently mapped at architectural,functional,and physical levels in one unified map and tested in the form of a proof-of-concept（POC）demonstrator with the introduced SME company.The result is a product portfolio map that forms a base for defining a systemized,transparent,unified product variant overview,which can be used as a basis for implementing a cross-variant product architecture and supporting knowledge-based approaches.
