Deformation Mechanism of Bimodal Structured 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Two Yield Stages

A kind of micro/nanostructured 2205 duplex stainless steel(DSS)with uniform distribution of nanocrystals was prepared via aluminothermic reaction method.The analysis of stress-strain curve showed that the fracture strength and elongation of the specimen were 946 MPa and 24.7%,respectively.At present,the research on microstructure of bimodal 2205 DSS at room temperature(RT)mainly depended on scanning electron microscope(SEM)observation after loading experiments.The test result indicates that there are two different yield stages in stress-strain curve of specimen during tensile process.The microstructure of duplex bimodal structured stainless steel consists of two pairs of soft hard regions and phases.By studying deformation mechanism of bimodal structured stainless steel,the interaction between soft phase and hard phase are discussed.The principle of composition design and microstructure control of typical duplex stainless steel is obtained,which provides an important research basis for designing of advanced duplex stainless steel.

Effect of cooling rate on solidification structure and linear contraction of a duplex stainless steel

Cooling rate is a key factor that can drastically affect the phase transformation and thermal stress of duplex stainless steels. Therefore, in this research, different sand moulds were used to explore the influence of cooling rate on the solidification of the 2304 duplex stainless steel (DSS). The macro and micro structures of the 2304 DSS were investigated. Small equiaxed grains are obtained in chromite sand mould sample with a lower pouring temperature and a higher cooling rate, whereas coarse columnar and equiaxed grains are found in silica sand and refractory powder mould samples. The size of austenite phase is significantly increased with decreasing cooling rate, while the ferrite phase content ranging from 51.6% to 53.9% does not change obviously. In addition, the linear contraction of the 2304 DSS decreases from 2.34% to 1.09% when the mean cooling rate above 1,173 K increases from 0.99 K·s-1 to 3.66 K·s-1.

Crustal electric structure of Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

Through the analysis and 2-D inversion for the 5 profiles in Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region (105°-107°E, 36°-37.5°N) in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, we have obtained the electric structure within a range of 160 km in width (east-west) and 60 km in depth in the studied area. The results show that the crustal electric structure can be divided into 6 sections, corresponding respectively to Xiji basin (I), Xihuashan-Nanhuashan uplift (II), Xingrenbu-Haiyuan basin (III), Zhongwei-Qingshuihe basin (IV), Zhongning-Hongsibu basin (V) and west-margin zone of Ordos (VI) from the southwest to the northeast. The crustal electric structure is characterized by a broom-shaped pattern, which scatters to the northwest and shrinks to the southeast. The structures in the top part of Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region are complete and large, however, they diminish from the arc top to the northwest and southeast ends. In the depth from 0 km to 10 km, the resistivity is high in the sections II and VI, but relatively low in the other four sections, showing a similar pattern of basin depression. The electrical basement in the section III is the deepest, displaying a dustpan shape that is deep in the southwest and shallow in the northeast. A series of discontinuous zones with high conductivity exist in the middle-lower crust in Haiyuan arcuate tectonic region, which is possibly related to the moderate and strong earthquakes in the region. The resistivity distribution in the focal area of the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake is significantly heterogeneous with an obviously high conductivity zone near the hypocenter regime.

Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Arcuate Structures in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau

The northeast Tibetan plateau contains important inlbrmation on the northeastward growth of the Tibetan plateau. It is bounded by the Ordos Block to the east, the Alxa Block to the north, and the Tibetan Plateau to the south （inset in Fig. 1; Tapponnier et al., 2001）, and has undergone complex intracontinental deformation during the Cenozoic. In this region, the northeast-convex arcuate structures developed northeastward, and are composed of a series of Cenozoic NW-SE-trending basin-and-range terrain, i.e., the Haiyuan-Xingrenbu basin, Tongxin basin and Hongsipu basin, the Yueliang Shan-Nanhua Shan- Huangjiawa Shan, Xiang Shan-Xiangjing Shan, Yantong Shan and Luo Shan-Niushou Shah, which is geometrically similar with the American basin-range tectonics.

The Arcuate Nappe Structure on the Northern Margin of the Wuliang Moutnains in Western Yunnan

The arcuate nappe structure on the north edge of the Wuliang Mountains in westernYunnan Province is a complex nappe structural system with multiple superimposed structures.The autochthonous system is a WNW-trending arcuate fold belt consisting of the Jurassic andCretaceous and the allochthonous system is mainly composed of Upper Triassic rocks. Generally,the nappe structure moved from south to north, with the hanging wall thrusting in a WNW direc-tion for a distance of over 10km. The deep nappe structural system was formed at depths ofabout 5-10km in an environment not exceeding the greenschist facies. It occurred in theOligocene (about 40-20 Ma).

FATIGUE FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF LOW CARBON MARTENSITE AND MARTENSITE/BAINITE DUPLEX STRUCTURE IN STEEL 20CrMnMo

Fatigue crack propagation rate,da/dN,and threshold stress intensity range,ΔK_(th),of steel 20CrMnMo containing low carbon martensite or low carbon martensite/bainite(LCM/B) duplex structure,obtained by oil quenching and austempered at 360℃,have been measured using specimens under four-point bending.Observation was also made of the crack path and fracture morphology with relation to microstructure.The formation of LCM/B duplex structure,which caused by 20% lower bainite after short-time isothermal treatment,may re- markably increase ΔK_(th)and considerably decrease da/dN.The effect of microstructure on da/dN and ΔK_(th)was discussed with the emphasis on the crack propagation path.

FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF M/B DUPLEX STRUCTURE IN A HIGH CARBON Cr-Mo-W STEEL

Determination was carried out of fatigue crack propagation rate of steel 65Cr5Mo3W2VSiTi (LM2)with various bainite contents and M/B duplex structure tempered at various tempera- tures.The threshold value of fatigue for each processing was estimated by experimental data. The mechanism for fatigue crack propagation of M/B duplex structure in steel LM2 seems to be non-continuous.The calculated fatigue crack micro-propagation rates are found to agree with the experimental data.

Re-discussion on the Jiaochang Arcuate Structure, Sichuan Province, and the Seismogenic Structure for Diexi Earthquake in 1933

The Jiaochang arcuate structure is one of the numerous arcuate structural belts in Sichuan. The present paper gives a further argument about the characteristics of that arcuate structure and the new activity of the Songpinggou fault and affirms that the Songpinggou fault is an active fault in the Holocene epoch. The Diexi M 7.5 earthquake took place in 1933 on the west wing of that arcuate structure, near the apex of the arc. Many authors have given quite different opinions about the genetic structure of that earthquake. The authors have made on the spot investigations time and again over recent years. Besides this, the authors have also further studied the shape of intensity contour lines, the distribution characteristics of ground surface seismic hazards, the left lateral dislocation of buildings along the Songpinggou fault, the NW trending ground fissures that developed on the ground surface after earthquake, and so on. On this basis, it is still considered that the seismogenic fault of the 1933 Diexi M 7.5 earthquake was the Songpinggou fault on the west wing of the Jiaochang arcuate structure.

引信用双工形压电驱动器的设计及其驱动特性

为实现引信安全系统状态的恢复功能,满足引信全域安全控制的需求,提出了一种双工形压电驱动器应用于机电安全系统中。首先,参考双足式压电驱动器并根据设计要求对双工形压电驱动器进行了结构设计,并分析了其工作机理。然后,对设计的双工形压电驱动器进行了结构优化,基于优化结果给出驱动足的运动轨迹方程,保证了驱动足形成类椭圆运动轨迹。接着,搭建了实验平台对双工形压电驱动器样机进行驱动特性测试分析,确定了最佳工作频率,并得到了双工形压电驱动器往返运动速度和激励电压峰峰值的关系曲线。最后,针对引信高冲击工作环境,提出双工形压电驱动器抗高过载措施,并对压电驱动器进行抗高冲击过载实验。结果表明:压电驱动器的运动速度与激励电压峰峰值呈正相关,且在频率为130 Hz的激励电压作用下,压电驱动器的运动速度最佳;双工形压电驱动器在20 kg冲击载荷作用下仍能正常工作,验证了抗高过载措施的有效性。进一步验证了双工形压电驱动器实现引信安全状态可恢复功能的可行性。

Designing gradient nanograined dual-phase structure in duplex stainless steel for superior strength-ductility synergy

Similar to other metallic materials,duplex stainless steel dramatically loses its advantage of high ductility as they are strengthened.Here,we produce a gradient nanograined dual-phase structure in the 2101 duplex stainless steel,thus facilitating a superior strength-ductility synergy:a yield strength of 1009.5 MPa being two times higher than that of the as-received sample,a total elongation of 23.4%and a uniform elongation of 5.9%.This novel structure is produced through a processing route of ultrasonic severe surface rolling and annealing,which realizes a superposition of gradient nanostructure and lamellar dual-phase structure with austenite and ferrite.During the tension deformation of gradi-ent nanograined dual-phase structured duplex stainless steel,a significant accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations occurs.These dislocations are formed to accommodate the deformation incompat-ibility caused by the layer-by-layer difference in strength and hardness of individual phase domains,as well as the inherent difference in properties between the austenite and ferrite domains.This results in a stronger hetero-deformation induced strengthening and hardening significantly contributing to superior mechanical properties.Our study provides a new avenue to develop advanced steels with high strength and ductility.

FeCrNi(AlTi)_(x)双相中熵合金的组织结构及其力学性能

采用真空悬浮感应熔炼法制备了FeCrNi(AlTi)_(x)(x=0、0.2、0.34和0.49)双相中熵合金,研究Al和Ti含量变化以及均匀热化处理对合金微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着Al、Ti含量的增加,合金的相结构由FCC单相结构转变成FCC和BCC的双相结构,且随着Al、Ti含量的增加,BCC相的体积分数明显增加,合金的压缩屈服强度和硬度显著增加。均匀化热处理之后,FeCrNi(AlTi)_(0.2)合金的屈服强度和极限抗拉强度分别达到了519和852 MPa,伸长率提升到了17.2%,均匀化热处理使得铸态合金中部分元素的偏析能够均匀分布在基体中,从而实现了合金的强度和塑性的同步提升。

CE3MN双相不锈钢铸件裂纹成因与预防

针对30″-300 Lb上装式球阀阀体用CE3MN铸造超级双相不锈钢材质,利用FactSage8.2热力学计算软件以及FSstel钢铁数据库,并结合光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪以及X射线衍射仪等试验手段,研究分析了CE3MN材质铸件在固溶处理之前切割铸态冒口时所产生的裂纹原因。结果表明:CE3MN铸件在脆性相析出的敏感温度范围以内缓慢加热或缓慢冷却过程中,由于铸造成分偏析严重而产生大量富Cr、Mo的有害金属间化合物σ相,主要以短棒状、细针状弥散分布于铁素体基体内或以长链状、条带状、珊瑚状、(σ+γ_(2))胞状以及魏氏组织长针状等形式分布于α/γ相界处。生产实践表明:在气割CE3MN铸件冒口之前,毛坯预先进行固溶处理以消除铸态脆性σ相,抑制裂纹形成和扩展,或者利用锯床先冷锯切铸态冒口后再进行固溶处理,可从根本上规避产生裂纹的温度因素。

Fabrication of high-strength duplex nanoporous Cu by dealloying a dual-phase Mg-Cu precursor alloy

Duplex nanoporous Cu was successfully fabricated by dealloying a dual-phase Mg-Cu precursor alloy consisting of intermetallic Mg2Cu and MgCu2.The duplex nanoporous Cu with embedded nanoporous struts exhibited highly enhanced strength compared to the typical monolithic nanoporous Cu under both compressive and flexural test conditions at room temperature;the duplex np-Cu sample exhibited a 12 times higher compressive strength and a 40 times greater flexural strength than the monolithic np-Cu sample.Factors responsible for the strength enhancement in the duplex nanoporous Cu are discussed.

Time-Hopping Sequence Design for Virtual Full Duplex via Rapid On-Off-Division Duplex

To achieve virtual full-duplex(VFD)communication using half-duplex radios,the rapid on-off-division(RODD)technique has been proposed in recent years.The time-hopping(TH)sequence is critical to controlling self-interference introduced in the paradigm.By constructing the collision model with a symbol level time scale,the periodic collision correlation function properties are introduced as the performance metric for the TH sequence in the RODD system.To achieve the best VFD performance,an optimization-based method for TH sequence design is proposed.In addition,the conventional TH frame structure design for RODD system is improved.Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate that the proposed approach can significantly increase system performance.Results indicate that the TH sequence design is very effective for the RODD system.

Structural Study of Methylated and Non-Methylated Duplexes by IR Fourier Spectroscopy

Structure of the duplex consisting of 23 pairs of bases was studied before and after the methylation of two cytosine molecules from different chains of the duplex. The study was performed in a buffer solution using an IR Fourier spectrometer. The absorption bands corresponding to the duplex backbone were found to change their characteristics after the methylation. Firstly, the integrated intensity ratio of the absorption bands, S1044/S1085, decreased by a factor of 1.5. The absorption band at 1044 cm-1 corresponds to the COC bond of deoxyribose, and the band at 1085 cm-1 to the PO2symm.vibr bond. Secondly, a substantial shift of the absorption band 1085→1112 cm-1 (Δν = 27 cm-1) was observed. In addition, pronounced changes in the absorption region of CH stretching vibrations took place. In particular, shifting of some absorption bands assigned to the stretching vibrations of CH bonds;the 2979→2945.7 shift was equal to 33.3 cm-1. In addition to the indicated changes, some bands corresponding to the Z structure appeared in the methylated duplex. Thus, methylation of two cytosine molecules in the duplex leads to the order→order structural transition, most likely to the B→Z transition.

中亚造山带中部大型韧性走滑双重构造的形成、机制与涵义

大型走滑双重构造是造山带中重要构造,它可以发育于造山带演化的不同阶段,同时也是陆内变形的重要方式。大型走滑双重构造的形成具有特殊的边界条件,在不同类型造山带演化过程中起到的作用也不一样,然而目前还缺少足够的认识。中亚造山带是全球显生宙规模最大的增生型造山带,大规模的走滑作用在该造山带的演化中起到了关键作用。目前在该造山带中段的阿拉善地区识别出了一个大型的近东西向的走滑双重构造,该双重构造由7~8条不同方向的次级韧性剪切带组成,东西长约500 km,南北宽约350 km,面积约200000 km^(2)。形成一个巨大的S-C like构造,发育时间为古生代末期—早中生代,区域运动学性质为韧性右行走滑,单条剪切带的走滑位移10~60 km,累积走滑距离250~500 km。它是中亚造山带南缘晚古生代末期—早中生代巨型韧性剪切系统的一部分,也是古亚洲洋关闭后中亚造山带整体变形的一部分。该走滑双重构造分别连接了西侧天山以及东侧兴蒙造山带不同类型的走滑变形,它的形成与较热的岩石圈以及不均一的造山带组成有关,而走滑双重构造的作用也是造成造山带内部结构均一化的过程。结合造山带的类型,一般走滑双重构造多发生在增生型造山带,而碰撞型造山带一般由于较冷的岩石圈而相对缺乏此类构造。阿拉善大型走滑双重构造是中亚造山带中少有报道的大型构造,它是造山带不均一的物质组成、强烈的岩浆作用以及华北克拉通的阻挡而造成的应变集中所导致,它不仅是连接中亚造山带东西的枢纽,而且也是构建中亚造山带结构的重要约束。

滇东南弧形构造区三维速度结构特征

利用2008—2021年云南地震台网记录到的M≤5.1地震走时数据,采用V_(P)/V_(S)模型一致性约束的双差层析成像方法,获得了滇东南弧形构造区的地壳三维V_(P)、V_(S)和V_(P)/V_(S)模型及地震重定位结果。结果表明,研究区内发生的2018年8月13日通海M_(S)5.0地震和2021年6月10日双柏M_(S)5.1地震的震源深度主要位于V_(P),V_(S)的高、低速异常的交界处或低速异常体的边缘,及低V_(P)/V_(S)异常体内。这可能意味着这2个地震所处深度范围内的流体或熔融对地震的发生没有直接作用,而是因为震源位置介于脆、韧性岩体之间,当能量积累到一定程度后该位置更易发生脆性破裂。小江断裂、曲江断裂和石屏—建水断裂下方深处存在高V_(P)/V_(S)异常体,结合区内温泉地球化学研究,推测高V_(P)/V_(S)异常体可能是地热流体而非熔融物质,地热流体的存在可能会削弱已表现为强闭锁的小江断裂带与曲江断裂和石屏—建水断裂相交处的闭锁体,从而降低断层破坏的构造应力阈值并加速地震孕育过程,应重点关注地热流体的影响。

时效热处理对新型节镍双相不锈钢组织及性能的影响

研究了时效温度对新型节镍双相不锈钢组织及性能的影响规律。结果表明:新型节镍双相不锈钢在650~850℃时效30 min可提高材料的抗拉强度、屈强比,降低材料的屈服强度、伸长率、冲击功、铁素体含量和硬度;700℃是新型节镍双相不锈钢的析出最敏感温度,新型节镍双相不锈钢在700℃时效30 min时晶界、晶内均有碳化物析出。新型节镍双相不锈钢应避开在650~850℃长时间使用。

0.21C-0.46Si-1.4Mn网状异构组织双相钢的力学性能及加工硬化行为

基于“材料素化”的理论,以普通低碳钢为原材料,引入异质结构的微观设计理念,通过循环退火+亚临界淬火的热处理工艺制备马氏体包裹铁素体的网状异构组织双相钢,观察并研究了马氏体分布形貌以及马氏体体积分数对试验钢拉伸力学性能的影响。结果表明:网状马氏体-铁素体异构组织双相钢在室温下的拉伸强度可达1084.15~1392.24 MPa,总伸长率为7.47%~8.94%,并且兼具较低的屈强比。采用Hollomon、DC-J(Differential Crussard-Jaoul)、修正MC-J(Modified C-J)三种分析模型研究了试验钢的应变硬化特性和不同阶段的应变硬化机制。结果表明双相钢的加工硬化指数与其结构特征息息相关,MC-J分析模型相较于其他两种模型,对双相钢的加工硬化更为敏感,具有三级变形行为。在准静态室温拉伸下,网状异构双相钢具有良好的加工硬化能力,随着马氏体体积分数的增加,双相钢中硬质相马氏体可以更早地发生塑性变形。

HDR双相不锈钢管轴向与径向组织差异性对耐蚀性影响

为研究HDR双相不锈钢轴向和径向组织差异性对耐蚀性的影响,基于HDR双相不锈钢管材同时具有铁素体相和奥氏体相的特点,利用金相观察和能谱分析技术,研究了模拟海水浸泡和电化学试验后轴向和径向试样组织耐蚀性差异.研究发现:轴向组织晶粒大于径向组织晶粒、夹杂物均在铁素体相及其边界处,轴向组织比径向组织先发生腐蚀,径向组织耐蚀性比轴向好;轴向自腐蚀电位、钝化膜击破电位均小于径向,且轴向蚀坑深度大于径向;轴向严重腐蚀区域生成两层富Cl贫Cr腐蚀产物膜,且外层腐蚀产物膜氧含量比内层膜高.