The insecticide resistance in two planthoppers from three areas to three insecticides

Migrating insects brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens St(?)l andwhite-backed planthopper(WBPH),Sogatella furcifera Horvath are both mostharmful insects on rice in China.Chemical control is thought to be the best wayto manage them,but it may cause insecticide resistance.Methamidophos,buprofezin,and imidacloprid were the three insecticides often used.In 2000and 2001,resistance of the field populations collected from three areas,i.e.Dongtai,Jiangsu Province,Anqing,Anhui Province,and Guilin,GuangxiAutonomous Region,to the three insecticides was monitored.The toxicities ofthe three insecticides were determined with the female adult(3-5 d after e-mergence)and by the topical application method with the hand microapplicator.

Oxidation and Electrical Properties of Cu-Mn_(3)O_(4)Composite Coating Obtained by Electrodeposition on SOFC Interconnects

Cu-Mn_(3)O_(4)composite coating was prepared on the SUS 430 ferritic stainless steel by electrodeposition and then exposed in air at 800℃corresponding to the cathode atmosphere of solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC).A dual-layer oxide structure mainly comprising an external layer of CuO followed by(Cu,Mn,Fe)_(3)O_(4)spinel and an internal layer of Cr-rich oxide was thermally developed on the coated steel.The scale area-specific resistances(ASRs)of the coated steels were lower than the scale ASR of the uncoated steel after identical thermal exposure.The external layer of CuO/(Cu,Mn,Fe)_(3)O_(4)spinel not only served as a barrier to reduce the growth rate of Cr-rich oxide internal layer and to suppress the outward diffusion of Cr,but also lowered the surface scale ASRs considerably.

Discussion on Common Problems in Risk Assessment of Lightning Disaster

The problems in calculating parameters of equivalent collection area,earth resistivity and lightning protection category as well as their effects on lightning disaster risk assessment were analyzed,and practical examples proved the effects of those differences on lightning protection identification,intercept efficiency calculation in evaluating lightning disaster risk. In the meantime,several new concepts,such as the height of buildings for lightning protection were defined,and a fixed radius value was set to the ground flash density for calculation,establishing the ground flash density formula to solve the problems in parameter calculation,which would be beneficial to promote the standardization of lightning disaster risk assessment.

Applying the Protective Mn-Co-La_(2)O_(3)Coating on Crofer 22 APU Ferritic Stainless Steel Used as Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnects

This research studies the effect of Mn-Co-La_(2)O_(3) coating synthesized by the electrodeposition method on the oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of the Crofer 22 APU stainless steel interconnect plates in solid oxide fuel cells.The test samples were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The oxidation kinetics of the coated and uncoated samples were studied by tracking their weight changes over time at 800°C,showing that the oxidation mechanism for all samples follows the parabolic law.Lower oxidation rate constant(k_(p))values of the coated sample compared with that of the uncoated one indicated a reduction in the oxidation rate of the steel substrate in the presence of the Mn-Co-La_(2)O_(3) coating.The examination of the cross-section of different samples after the isothermal oxidation for 500 h at 800°C exhibited that applying the composite coating leads to a decrease in the thickness of the chromia layer formed on the steel surface.Furthermore,under these conditions,the area-specific resistance(ASR)of the coated sample(13.11 mΩcm^(2))is significantly lower than that of the uncoated one(41.45 mΩcm^(2)).

Long short-term memory deep learning model for predicting the dynamic performance of automotive PEMFC system

As a high efficiency hydrogen-to-power device,proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)attracts much attention,especially for the automotive applications.Real-time prediction of output voltage and area specific resistance(ASR)via the on-board model is critical to monitor the health state of the automotive PEMFC stack.In this study,we use a transient PEMFC system model for dynamic process simulation of PEMFC to generate the dataset,and a long short-term memory(LSTM)deep learning model is developed to predict the dynamic per-formance of PEMFC.The results show that the developed LSTM deep learning model has much better perfor-mance than other models.A sensitivity analysis on the input features is performed,and three insensitive features are removed,that could slightly improve the prediction accuracy and significantly reduce the data volume.The neural structure,sequence duration,and sampling frequency are optimized.We find that the optimal sequence data duration for predicting ASR is 5 s or 20 s,and that for predicting output voltage is 40 s.The sampling frequency can be reduced from 10 Hz to 0.5 Hz and 0.25 Hz,which slightly affects the prediction accuracy,but obviously reduces the data volume and computation amount.