PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL RENOVATION IN THE CONTIGUOUS AREA OF SHANXI,SHAANXI AND INNER MONGOLIA

The studied area consists of 16 counties belonging to 3 provinces or autonomous re-gion, which are Hequ, Baode, Pianguan and Xinxian counties of Shanxi Province; Yulin,Shenmu, Fugu, Hengshan, Jingbian and Dingbian counties of Shaanxi Province;Dongsheng, Tuoketuo, Qingshuihe counties and Yijinhuoluo, Dalate, Zhungeer banners

Analysis of Symbiotic Environment of Forest and Truffle and Utilization of Truffle Resources

The truffle is a very rare,rich in nutrition,and expensive medicinal and edible fungus,and a large area of truffle is distributed in Europe,Australia,North America,Asia and China.In China,truffle was firstly found in Shanxi.Symbiotic plants of truffle such as oak,lime,hazel,pine,poplar,willow,chestnut,etc.are widely distributed in the province.In Shanxi,brown soil as well as climate types and other natural conditions are very suitable for breeding of truffle.Exploiting truffle resources,expanding forest economy,and increasing peasants' income are good ways of making peasants become rich in mountainous areas of Shanxi Province.

Analysis of Landscape Patterns and the Trend of Forest Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

In this paper, first, based on landscape ecology theories, we respectively selected indexes from 4 aspects, area, edge, shape, and density, of the landscape type to describe the status of forest landscape patterns, and we established the stability index of landscape pattern (LSBI). Then, based on geo-statistical theories, we divided the forest in the reservoir area into 3990 grids of 4 km × 4 km using network technology and employing ordinary Kriging modelling to make trend surface analyses of the forest resources in the reservoir area. Finally, based on statistics principles, we used sampling theory to systematically extract 227 samples to obtain 7 periods of remote-sensing data from 1990a to 2012a. Then, we classified and extracted the forest in the sampling area using remote sensing, and we analysed each result with an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) time-series model. The results indicated the following: 1) the landscape structure of the reservoir area was primarily needle-leaved forest, broad-leaved forest and bush forest, and the mixed stands and bamboo stands were secondary;2) the difference of the forest landscape pattern stability in the reservoir area, in all directions, was not significant, but the southern region was slightly more stable;and 3) the stability of the forest landscape pattern in the reservoir area increased from 1990a to 2012a. It kept increasing until 2016a. This study provides a theoretical basis for the reasonable management and decisions about the forest resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Meanwhile, it also explores methods for relevant research and has practical significance.

The environment of coal mining areas and the economic evaluation of the land reclamation

The environment impact of the coal resources mining was analyzed. The method of economic evaluation for the coal mining was established to analyze land destruction. The opportunity cost method was used to quantitatively analyze and estimate the economic loss of the land destruction by coal mining. At the same time, the dump land reclamation of the Yuanbaoshan Open Pit was taken as an example to evaluate environmental and economical benefit with the method of economic evaluation for the coal mining areas land reclamation.

Study on Sustainable Utilization of Resources of the Damp-heat Karst Mountainous Areas in China

Damp-heat karst mountainous areas are unique areas in terms of socialeconomic development, resource endowment and eco-environment in China, where natural resources are abundant,unique and diverse. However, fragile eco-environment, undeveloped economy and culture, and conflict of human and environment should not be ignored. In the research, a framework of integration of resource-development and environment-protection in damp-heat karst was designed on basis of resource and environment integration, which was applied to Daxin County in Guangxi Province. Furthermore, some integration models were proposed, including integration of development of characteristic agricultural resources and protection of eco-environment, integration of development of manganese ore resources and protection of eco-environment, integration of development of tourism resources and protection of ecoenvironment and integration of development of clean energy and protection of eco-environment.

Changing Forestry Policy by Integrating Water Aspects into Forest/Vegetation Restoration in Dryland Areas in China

Restoration forestry （forest rehabilitation） or re-vegetation is one effective measure to solve environmental problems, notably soil erosion. It may be further stimulated by the Clean Development Mechanism for carbon sequestration. However, there is an intensive and on-going debate about the adverse effects arising from afforestation in dryland areas, such as soil drying up which may cause further damage to the success of forest restoration, and the water yield reduction from watershed which may harm the regional development. On other hand, some preliminary studies showed a possibility that these adverse effects may be diminished more or less by properly designing the system structure and spatial distribution of forest/vegetation in a watershed. However, it is urgent to develop an evidence-based and sustainable new forestry policy for harmonizing forest-water interrelation. As a leading country in afforestation, China is beginning to develop a more trans-disciplinary and cross-sectoral forestry policy for harmonizing forestry development with water management. The main points of the changing new forestry policy should include： （1） Establishing a regional development strategy focusing on harmonized forest-water relations; （2） Taking forest-water interactions as an important part of evaluation; （3） Reducing the ＇eco-water＇ quota of forests through technical advancement; （4） Developing and extending water-adaptive forest management practices; （S） Strengthening forest ecohydrological research and decision support ability.

THE RATIONAL UTILIZATION OF WATER RESOURCES IN IRRIGATED AREA OF THE YELLOW RIVER IN NINGXIA

The paper describes the water resources in the irrigated area of Ningxia, China, andthe methods for improving the utilization of the water resources, and puts forward somesuggestions so as to utilize the water resources rationally. The history of irrigation farming in Ningxia can be traced back to more than two thou-

Chemical properties of wild coffee forest soils in Ethiopia and management implications

The study aims at determining the status of soil chemical fertility in four wild coffee forests of southeastern and southwestern Ethiopia. Accordingly, soil samples were collected from surface and subsurface depths at three sites within each forest and analyzed for soil chemical properties. The results depicted that the soils at the four coffee forests did not reveal significant variations for most parameters, except Mg, CEC and C:N ratio. Significant variations were determined between the surface and subsurface soils of the four studied forests, partly indicating the impacts of anthropogenic factors on vegetation cover and soil fertility status along profile depth. At Harenna, surface soil had significantly higher total nitrogen and organic matter than sub-surface soil. The decline in available phosphorus with soil depth was also significant at the Harenna and Yayu forests. Most soil results were comparable and showed inter- and intra-forest variations, demonstrating the contributions of vegetation cover and climate gradients. The study revealed the declined soil quality parameters with increased depth, demonstrating the vulnerability of forest soils to human-induced disturbances of natural habitats and land degradation, coupled with climate changes. Overall, the results underline the need for a multi-site forest conservation and promote productivity of high quality coffee standards. This demands urgent supports for implementing community-oriented management and incentive options towards maintaining environmental sustainability and coffee genetic resources for global benefits.

An overview on the protected area system for forest conservation in Bangladesh

A total of 19 protected areas （PAs） have been established in Bangladesh representing all the four forest types of the country. Apart from being the repository of biological diversity, these PAs serve as the source of subsistence livelihoods to the local communities. While all the PAs are managed by the state Forest Department （FD）, with a view to ensure sustainability, a recent approach of co-management has been initiated in five PAs as a pilot project with an aid of development partners incorporating stakeholders＇ participation. Along with demonstrating a number of upbeat impacts, the initiatives exert some constraints which need to be addressed properly to ensure the success of participatory approach and enhance the ongoing conservation scheme. This paper reviews the published works, government and project documents to analyze the present status of PAs and suggest recommendations accordingly.

LAND RESOURCE CHARACTERISTICS AND RATIONAL LAND-USE ARRANGEMENT FOR FARMING,FORESTRY AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN “THREE NORTHS” SHELTER FOREST AREA

The "Three Norths" (Northeastern China, Northern China, and Northwestern China)Shelter forest area is located in the north part of china. The area of this region occupies41% of the total area of China. This region is eager for being managed because of its fragileecological conditions. Therefore, the basic approach to realize the harmonious developmentof ecological and economic benefits is the rational arrangement of farming, forestry and pas-ure land according to the characteristics of land resources of this region.

Forest Resources and Environment in China

With a vast territory, China is rich in forest resources and diversified environments. The changes in forest resources have a direct bearing on environmental quality. The paper gives a detailed account of the dynamic change in forest resources in China, including the overall process of forest evolution, the status quo and features of the existing forest resources and the development and use of major forest resources. In addition, it analyses the current situation of China's environment and explores the main contributing factors based on the overall environmental situation. In order to achieve sustainable management of forest resources and improve the environment in China, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the protection and development of forest resources as well as environmental development and improvement. The paper gives an overview of the thinking for sustainable forest resource and environmental development in the future and current focus of efforts.

Problems in Transplanting Large Trees to Cities and Recommendations

This paper first elaborated the purpose of accelerating the greening process,improving the landscape effect,and improving the ecological environment for transplanting large trees to cities. Then,it introduced main problems: destroying the ecological environment of the producing area,damaging the entire ecosystem,increasing the cost of social greening,and seriously wasting forest resources. It analyzed the reasons for these problems,including the imperfect laws and regulations,blind and not scientific transplanting,and eagerness for quick success.Finally,it came up with recommendations including improving policies and regulations,reinforcing technical specifications,and first pseudo planting then field planting,and setting up the overall point of view.

高光谱遥感技术在矿山地质环境调查中的应用

矿山地质环境受矿产资源开采活动的影响而产生剧烈变化,直接或间接影响了生态环境的可持续发展。近年来,高光谱遥感技术因其具备高光谱分辨率、空间信息与光谱信息合一的优势,解决了传统遥感技术仅能识别大致地物的问题,被广泛应用于矿山地质环境研究与监测。在梳理相关文献的基础上,介绍了高光谱遥感技术原理及发展现状,归纳了高光谱遥感技术在矿区植被、矿区水体、矿区土壤和矿区大气等方面的应用与监测;对矿区高光谱发展前景进行展望,认为未来随着遥感技术的发展对矿山地质环境的监测将逐渐有序化、长期化。

明清时期山东黄运地区的水资源开发及其环境影响

环境变迁是认识区域人地关系的重要视角。山东黄运地区是一个典型的地理单元,其水资源开发表现为各要素之间的相互联系,是一个包括泉源开浚、河流疏导、运道避黄、湖泊蓄泄在内的系统工程。随着运河漕运作用的日益增强,水资源开发的目的和范围日趋扩大,形成了多水共治的水资源开发利用格局。泉流“五派”以及济运“四水”的变化,表明愈来愈多的泉源与河流被纳入运河治理体系。明清山东黄运地区水资源开发的历史,是一部国家主导下人类活动干预区域环境的历史,目的是服务于国家治河保漕的大政。山东黄运地区水资源开发过程中的环境变迁,是多种自然和人为因素共同作用的结果,显示了以治河保漕为中心的人地关系的复杂性。以史为鉴,黄、运、河、湖、泉治理是一个系统工程,水资源调配应做到均衡合理,要统筹考虑水环境、水安全,提高水资源利用的效率和效益,避免产生多者愈多、少者愈少的马太效应。

长江流域建立水资源刚性约束制度的关键问题与对策研究

南方丰水地区建立水资源刚性约束制度,是为了更好地促进生态环境高水平保护和经济社会高质量发展。基于长江流域水资源开发利用、管理现状及特点,分析了长江流域建立水资源刚性约束制度需重点研究的关键问题,并从水资源和水环境承载能力、用水定额标准、计量监测、水资源规划论证、监管考核和市场机制等方面,提出长江流域建立水资源刚性约束制度的对策建议。

新质生产力发展视域下的我国基本建设数据资源管理研究——以雄安新区为例

随着万物互联、云计算和人工智能等技术的推广应用,我国千行百业的业务活动,能够直接生成越来越多的二维和三维原始数据。在我国新质生产力发展的要求下,建好、管好各类业务活动的原始数据,是用好大数据、实现数据驱动科学决策和监督管理等的前提与基础条件。为建构我国的数据资源管理体系,提出了组织数据生态系统理论。并且,以雄安新区为例,阐释该理论在雄安新区基本建设数据资源管理的价值作用。

生态银行大数据平台赋能森林资源信息管理研究

本研究聚焦森林资源领域,通过分析福建顺昌、江西资溪、北京门头沟三地搭建的生态银行大数据平台中的森林资源管理利用模式,阐述顺昌县森林资源统计、资溪县林业金融创新、门头沟区林业碳汇交易案例。通过探索基于生态资源管理大数据平台建设推动森林资源管理的积极意义,为建设生态资源管理大数据体系提供参考。

自然和人为干扰因素对黄土高原生态环境质量变化的影响

为了识别自然和人为干扰因素对黄土高原生态环境质量变化的影响,以黄土高原为研究区,基于GEE平台和MODIS数据获取区域内2003-2022年的遥感生态指数(RSEI),利用随机森林识别自然因素和人为干扰因素对RSEI变化的驱动作用。结果表明:近20年内,(1)黄土高原的生态环境质量轻微改善,以0.002/a的速率增加,且生态环境质量空间分布总体呈由东南向西北递减的趋势,空间分布异质性较大,整体表现为良;蒙陕矿区和山西矿区大部分区域,以及黄陇矿区和宁东矿区的生态环境质量改善较为明显,占比分别为40.5%、25.7%、14.6%和19.9%,山西矿区和豫西矿区部分区域退化较为明显,占比分别为5.4%和34.3%。(2)黄土高原气温降低和升高区域分别占比46.3%和13.3%,而92.7%区域的降水不变;63.1%的土壤水、58.4%的地表径流和96.6%区域的地下水储量增加;98.5%区域的GDP增加,62.7%和20.9%区域的人口增加和降低,近70%的土地利用类型基本不变,其余区域的地物类型相互转换。(3)黄土高原RSEI改善区域主要受地表径流(占比39.8%)、地下水储量(15.7%)、GDP(13.4%)和气温(12.4%)的影响,退化区域主要受GDP(22.2%)、地表径流(21.3%)、地下水储量(16.4%)、气温(12.5%)和夜间灯光(10.5%)的影响;其次,RSEI改善的煤炭基地主要受地表径流和GDP的影响,退化的煤炭基地受GDP、夜间灯光、地下水储量和气温因素主导。综上所述,近20年内黄土高原生态环境得到改善,生态环境质量变化主要受地下水储量、地表径流、气温、夜间灯光、人口和GDP的影响。

西北地区森林管护面临的困境及对策

介绍了西北地区森林资源现状,阐述了森林资源在西北地区的作用,包括改善生态环境和增加社会效益,分析了森林资源管护中面临的人才、投资力度、管护制度和管护意识等方面的困境,从人才专业队伍建设,资金投入,管护制度,宣传与防护技术等方面,提出了加强森林资源管护措施。

河南省黄河流域水资源-经济社会-生态环境协调发展评价及驱动因素分析

持续的强人类活动改变了水资源、经济社会和生态环境之间的互馈关系,影响了区域可持续发展。为探究河南省黄河流域水资源-经济社会-生态环境协调发展状况,识别协调发展的驱动因素,研究基于协同学和随机森林模型改进了传统耦合协调度模型,计算了河南省黄河流域2011-2022年水资源-经济社会-生态环境的综合发展指数和耦合协调度,采用核密度估计揭示其时空演变特征,利用地理探测器模型分析协调发展的驱动因素。结果表明:研究期内各系统综合发展指数均呈不同程度的增长趋势,但存在一定的异质性,水资源、经济社会和生态环境系统分别呈现出“西高东低,南高北低”、“中心带动周边,边缘发展缓慢”、“上游优于下游,西南优于东北”的空间非均衡格局;水资源-经济社会-生态环境协调发展水平向好趋势显著,各城市间空间异质性明显,呈现出“区域齐升,南高北低,西高东低”的演化特征;自然禀赋、经济基础以及人居环境是协调发展的主要驱动因素,各因子之间关系日益紧密,交互类型呈现向“非线性增强”转化趋势。研究创新性地提出了协调发展评价的新方法,并对其科学性进行了验证,为深入剖析河南省黄河流域水资源、经济社会与生态环境的协调发展状况提供了有力工具,对于促进区域可持续发展具有一定的实践指导意义。