Effects of areca nut consumption on cell differentiation of osteoblasts, myoblasts, and fibroblasts

Areca nut is used worldwide as a hallucinogenic addicting drug along the tropical belt.Arecoline,a toxic compound,is the most important alkaloid in areca nuts.The adverse effects of oral uptake and chewing of areca nut are well known.For example,the possibility of cancer caused by chewing areca nuts is widely discussed.Chewing areca nut has other adverse effects on other organs,including abnormal cell differentiation,oral cancer,and several other diseases.The use of areca nut is also associated with low birthweight.Skeletal musculature is the largest organ in the body and is attached to the bones.During embryo development,the differentiation of bone and muscle cells is critical.In this article,we reviewed the effects of areca nut and arecoline on embryonic cell differentiation,particularly osteoblasts,myoblasts,and fibroblasts.

Dyeing of Polyester and Nylon with Semi-synthetic Azo Dye by Chemical Modification of Natural Source Areca Nut

Various azo compounds(Modified dyes)have been synthesised by chemical modification of areca nut extract(epicate-chin),a plant-based Polyphenolic compound to get semi-synthetic dyes.Three different primary amines namely p-nitro aniline,p-anisidine and aniline,were diazotized to form their corresponding diazonium salts which were further coupled with an areca nut extract.Preliminary characterization of the areca nut extract and the resultant azo compounds(Modified dyes)was carried out in terms of melting point,solubility tests,thin layer chromatography,UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy.These modified dyes were further applied on polyester and nylon fabrics and%dye exhaustion was evaluated.Dyed fabrics were further tested for their fastness properties such as wash fastness,rubbing fastness,light fastness and sublimation fastness.The results of the fastness tests indicate that,all the three modified dyes have good dyeability for polyester and nylon fabrics.The dyed fabrics were also tested for ultraviolet protection factor which showed very good ultraviolet protection.

Analysis of oral microorganism diversity in healthy individuals before and after chewing areca nuts using PCR-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis

To analyze oral microbial diversity in the saliva of 8 healthy individuals before and after chewing areca nuts. Saliva samples were collected before chewing areca nuts, after chewing areca nuts for 5 min and after chewing areca nuts for 30 min. DNA was extracted, and microbial diversity was examined using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE). When examining DGGE profiles collectively,the bands associated with Streptococcus and Veillonella were the most intense, making them the most prevalent bacteria. Furthermore, the band intensities did not decrease after chewing areca nuts for 5 or30 min; thus, these bacteria were unaffected. However, when examining some individuals, the band intensities for Streptococcus and Veillonella became more intense after 5 min of chewing and then returned to the pre-chewing level. This difference may be attributed to the mechanical movements of the oral cavity or individual differences. Other bacteria, such as Neisseria, Actinomycetes, and Rothia dentocariosa, were also found to have an increased or decreased prevalence following areca nut-chewing.Since the predominant species that are present following areca nut-chewing include Streptococcus and Veillonella, it would seem likely that these bacteria play an important role in the periodontal diseases associated with areca chewing.

明胶质量浓度及凝冻强度对槟榔涂膜性能的调控作用

采用明胶对槟榔涂膜处理有助于提高槟榔的光泽和保水性,然而明胶质量浓度及凝冻强度对涂膜性能的影响目前尚不清晰。作者剖析了明胶基薄膜在光学、机械性能与阻水性等方面的差异,并借助红外光谱及X射线衍射探索了涂膜性能差异的原因。结果表明,质量浓度为100~150 g/L的明胶涂膜溶液不仅将槟榔表皮光泽度提高了8~15倍,而且赋予薄膜良好的机械性能和阻水性。虽然明胶凝冻强度的提高有助于增加槟榔涂膜光泽度,但对薄膜机械性能及阻水性无显著影响。薄膜中分子间氢键和三螺旋结构相对含量的差异是明胶成膜后性质不同的重要内因。此外,质量浓度为100~150 g/L的涂膜溶液的黏度与凝固温度更适于提高涂膜的均匀性,为槟榔涂膜性能的调控和涂膜剂的合理选择提供一定的依据。

槟榔籽提取物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性的抑制作用研究

以嫩果期槟榔籽为研究对象,采用75%乙醇浸提制得槟榔籽提取物(areca nut extract,ANE),再分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次对总提取物进行萃取,依次得到嫩果期槟榔籽75%乙醇提取物的石油醚部位(PE-ANE)、乙酸乙酯部位(EAC-ANE)、正丁醇部位(BU-ANE)、水部位(W-ANE)的萃取部分。通过体外抑制血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性抑制试验测定槟榔提取物各极性部位对高血压的抑制潜力;通过酶动力学实验分析ACE抑制活性最好的极性部位对ACE活性的抑制作用类型;测定不同极性部位蛋白质、总糖及多酚的总含量,并分析其与ACE半抑制浓度(IC50)之间的相关性;最后对4种不同极性部位萃取物中的多酚组分进行初步定量。结果表明:嫩果期槟榔籽提取物各极性部位均具有一定的ACE抑制活性,其中EAC-ANE的ACE抑制活性最好。酶动力学实验表明,EAC-ANE对ACE活性的抑制作用类型为竞争与非竞争的混合型抑制。相关性分析表明,各极性部位ACE的IC50值与多酚、总糖及蛋白质含量均呈显著负相关,且与多酚含量之间具有极强相关性(r=‒0.912)。在4个极性部位中定量了儿茶素、L-表儿茶素、原花青素B2、原儿茶酸、槲皮素等多种多酚组分,且EAC-ANE中的相关多酚组分含量最高。综上所述,槟榔提取物具有一定的降血压潜力,且乙酸乙酯萃取部位最好,多酚含量与各萃取部位的ACE抑制活性具有极强的相关性,可初步推断多酚是槟榔提取物中抑制ACE活性的重要物质。

中国槟榔习俗研究述评

学界对槟榔习俗的研究持续了近百年,主要集中于对一些地区的槟榔习俗进行调查研究,以及对历史时期中国槟榔习俗的传播与消退及其原因进行探讨。这些研究揭示了中国槟榔习俗流行的主要地区以及槟榔在社会生活中的重要作用,但槟榔习俗形成的原因及其传播机制等关键问题并未得到解决。建议更全面地收集槟榔习俗史料,全面系统地研究嚼食槟榔习俗的原因、中国槟榔习俗形成、传播机制,为解决因嚼食槟榔而引起的社会问题提供历史参考和应对策略。

槟榔活性成分诱导口腔黏膜下纤维化的机制:基于网络药理学结合临床样本验证

目的探究槟榔的成分及其促进口腔黏膜下纤维化的机制。方法采用Thermo QE plus液相色谱串联高分辨质谱仪和Compound discover 3.2数据处理软件进行槟榔中药化学成分分析,将检测到的化合物以质谱响应值排序,分析排名前20化合物的活性。化合物活性来源根据《中国药典(2015版)》汇总,数据查询基于PubChem、Chemical book以及Scifinder数据库。借助网络药理学方法分析槟榔影响口腔黏膜下纤维化(OSF)的潜在活性成分、核心靶点及主要影响的生物功能、信号通路。通过整合人类基因数据库(Genecards)、基因组百科全书数据库(KEGG)等数据库获取OSF的作用靶点。以OB≥30%为条件,在中药系统药理学技术平台(TCMSP)中筛选出槟榔可作用于靶点的化合物,并构建靶点-化合物、化合物-中药、靶点-化合物-中药网络。运用MOE软件的分子对接技术,分析成分-靶点结合的可能性,再利用Pymol软件进行分子对接可视化。最后通过免疫组化在临床样本中验证槟榔是否影响PI3K-Akt、MAPK两条通路涉及的主要蛋白,初步验证槟榔诱导OSF的潜在作用机制。结果基于网络药理学和槟榔粗提物中筛选出前10的化合物与OSF核心靶点中核心交集基因,确定了槟榔可能通过调控PI3K-Akt与MAPK通路。通过免疫组化在临床样本中验证,细胞膜上的PI3K蛋白表达量在OSF患者组中表达下降(P=0.0002),p-PI3K(P=0.0002)表达量上升,进一步激活下游的AKT1蛋白表达增加(P=0.0006),加剧磷酸化蛋白p-AKT蛋白的表达及堆积(P=0.0013);而在MAPK通路中,OSF患者组对比正常组,通过上调JNK蛋白(P=0.0130),诱导下游AP-1复合蛋白c-jun及c-fos转录因子的活性增加,促使其向细胞核聚集;且OSF患者组较正常组血浆的IL-6(P<0.0001)与IL-8(P=0.0095)含量均上升。结论槟榔碱、槟榔次碱、异去甲槟榔碱等槟榔中的主要活性成分可能通过刺激PI3K-Akt与MAPK信号通路,促进炎症介质IL-6及IL-8的表达,诱导胶原增生,导致口腔黏膜下纤维化病变。

槟榔化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

槟榔是热带亚洲和我国流行的咀嚼物品,国内外文献报道槟榔含有生物碱、黄酮、单宁、萜烯类、类固醇和脂肪酸等化学成分,具有抗寄生虫、抗抑郁、抗疲劳、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、促消化、降血糖和治疗心血管疾病等作用。随着槟榔销售市场的扩大和人们健康意识的提高,槟榔副作用不断被放大,其活性和副作用的物质基础仍无权威结论,探明槟榔活性及副作用的物质来源已成为槟榔产业可持续发展和食用安全的关键。通过综述槟榔的化学成分和生物活性,为后续槟榔研究提供理论支撑。

草甘膦、草铵膦喷施对槟榔根系形态及生理的影响

除草剂防除杂草的同时会对非靶标作物造成一定危害,频繁使用除草剂的海南槟榔园叶片黄化症状更明显,我们推测除草剂可能导致槟榔根系退化,从而引起叶片黄化。为验证这一推断,以幼龄期与成龄期槟榔为试验材料,施用不同浓度草甘膦和草铵膦后,测定分析槟榔根系生长发育形态指标、根系活力、气生根组织结构、不同类型根系占比等。结果表明,幼龄期槟榔根系以直径0~1.5 mm根系为主,数量占总根的88%以上,表面积占总根的63%以上。与人工除草、对照(不除草)相比,喷施草甘膦和草铵膦显著降低槟榔幼苗根系鲜干质量、白色吸收根比例、吸收根活力。对于成龄期槟榔气生根,喷施草甘膦和草铵膦均引起气生根药剂残留,且农残量随施用浓度增加而增加,并阻碍槟榔气生根发育;草甘膦处理后14 d气生根死亡数达到最大,草铵膦处理后28 d达到最大。草铵膦损害气生根组织结构,使新根内皮层排列稀疏,表皮组织厚度增加,木栓化程度加深,导致根表皮细胞大量死亡,抑制气生根伸长与增粗。说明喷施草甘膦和草铵膦会导致槟榔根系木栓化,加速根系死亡,从而抑制其根系生长与发育,引起槟榔园叶片黄化。

Overlap in oncogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways associated with areca nut and nicotine exposure

Background:Betel nut/areca nut/Areca catechu is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substance,and is also a major preventable cause of cancer.Unlike other psychoactive substances,such as nicotine,the mechanisms underlying addiction to areca nuts and related oncogenesis remain elusive.Recent reports suggest a possible overlap in the mechanisms of action of nicotine and areca nuts in the human body.Thus,this study aimed to investigate the interactome of human proteins associated with areca nut exposure and the intricate similarities and differences in the effects of the two psychoactive substances on humans.Methods:A list of proteins associated with areca nut use was obtained from the available literature using terms from Medical Subject Headings(MeSH).Protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks and functional enrichment were analyzed.The results obtained for both psychoactive substances were compared.Results:Given the limited number of common proteins(36/226,16%)in the two sets,a substantial overlap(612/1176 nodes,52%)was observed in the PPI networks,as well as in Gene Ontology.Areca nuts mainly affect signaling pathways through three hub proteins(alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase,tumor protein 53,and interleukin-6),which are common to both psychoactive substances,as well as two unique hub proteins(epidermal growth factor receptor and master regulator of cell cycle entry and proliferative metabolism).Areca nut-related proteins are associated with unique pathways,such as extracellular matrix organization,lipid storage,and metabolism,which are not found in nicotine-associated proteins.Conclusions:Areca nuts affect regulatory mechanisms,leading to systemic toxicity and oncogenesis.Areca nuts also affect unique pathways that can be studied as potential markers of exposure,as well as targets for anticancer therapeutic agents.

基于计算机视觉技术的槟榔核中心检测方法研究

在槟榔的自动化加工工艺中去核与点卤是非常重要的环节,为提高生产效率,需要准确检测出槟榔核中心的位置,才能高效地实现槟榔的去核与点卤。针对目前槟榔自动化生产过程中槟榔内轮廓检测效率不高、检测结果适用性差等问题,提出了一种基于计算机视觉技术的槟榔核中心自动化检测方法。采集到的槟榔图片经过预处理后,采用自适应阈值分割的方法获取槟榔的前景信息并检测槟榔的边缘信息,在此基础上根据槟榔椭圆形状的代数描述计算出槟榔核中心位置坐标。结果表明,该方法可以精确检测出不同背景下多种形貌的槟榔核中心位置,在摆盘的槟榔图片中,槟榔核中心位置的检出率为100%,平均检测时间为0.39 ms,检测效果良好。

Influence of Boric Acid and Sucrose on the Germination and Growth of Areca Pollen

This study investigates the effect of boric acid and sucrose on the germination and growth of Areca catechu L (areca palm). Using areca pollen from Hainan, China, this study determines the influence of culture media with different concentrations of boric acid and sucrose on the germination and growth of areca pollen. Results show that the germination and growth of the pollen tube growth are highest under a boric acid concentration of 0.4 g/L to 0.6 g/L. The germination rate of areca pollen is highest in solid medium with a sucrose concentration of 40 g/L. The optimum culture medium for developing areca pollen comprises 5 g/L agar, 0.4 g/L to 0.6 g/L boric acid, 40 g/L sucrose, and water. Furthermore, areca pollen grows most rapidly approximately 1.5 h after in vitro cultivation at normal temperature, and growth stabilizes at approximately 3 h. The principle that governs the development of areca pollen is also discussed.

槟榔提取物的生物学活性及其在动物生产中的应用

在动物养殖过程中,抗生素添加易产生微生物耐药性和药物残留问题,已引起广泛关注。开发毒副作用小、不易产生耐药性且无有害物质残留的新型绿色饲料添加剂,已成为我国动物饲料添加剂学科发展的重要方向。槟榔作为一种重要的中草药,具有多种生物学活性,在我国传统医学中已被广泛应用。研究表明,槟榔提取物具有提高动物生产性能的作用。因此,本文总结归纳了槟榔提取物的主要活性成分及其抗氧化、抗炎、抗寄生虫和抗微生物活性,并进一步讨论其在动物生产中的应用,旨在为槟榔提取物作为动物饲料添加剂的开发提供理论依据。

槟榔生物碱致癌性、致口腔黏膜下纤维化及兴奋作用等活性研究进展

槟榔是棕榈科植物槟榔的果实,是海南农业经济的重要支柱产业。生物碱是槟榔中重要的生物活性物质,与嚼食槟榔引起的神经兴奋作用密切相关。槟榔中生物碱种类众多,各生物碱含量、结构、作用也不尽相同,生物碱的含量与槟榔产品的成瘾性和致癌性密切相关。槟榔生物碱同时具有促进胃肠道消化、驱虫、抑菌、抗抑郁等的正面及致癌性、致口腔黏膜下纤维化、生殖系统毒性等的负面效应。该文系统全面地概述了目前研究报道的槟榔生物碱的种类结构、生物碱形成亚硝胺衍生物的代谢途径及致癌性研究进展、生物碱致口腔黏膜下纤维化及兴奋作用的分子机制以及槟榔生物碱在心血管系统、消化系统、生殖系统等系统中发挥的作用,以期为槟榔生物碱的深入研究提供理论指导。

槟榔多酚生物活性研究进展

槟榔(Areca catechu L.)属棕榈科槟榔属常绿乔木。在中国,槟榔主要在海南、台湾地区、云南等地种植。槟榔果实既可食用又可入药。果实中的活性成分多酚作为发挥其药用价值的重要次生代谢物之一,具备多重生理活性,因此具有良好的综合利用价值和发展前景。文章对槟榔果实中多酚的萃取提纯工艺、含量、组成、活性功能4个方面的研究成果进行阐述,并展望其研究应用前景。

高效液相色谱法测定达原饮中槟榔生物碱的含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱法测定达原饮中槟榔生物碱的含量。方法:色谱条件为:Venusil SCX色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm,300Å),流动相:甲醇:0.2%磷酸(氨水调节pH值至3.8)=60:40,检测波长:210 nm,柱温:30℃,流速:1.0 mL•min^(-1)。结果:4种槟榔生物碱分离度良好,各组分在浓度范围内线性关系良好,加标回收率(n=9)在98.37%~102.11%,RSD值均小于2%。达原饮药液中去甲槟榔碱、槟榔碱、去甲槟榔次碱和槟榔次碱的含量分别为0.014 mg•mL^(-1)、0.046 mg•mL^(-1)、0.036 mg•mL^(-1)和0.018 mg•mL^(-1)。结论:该方法准确度高、稳定性强、灵敏度和重复性良好,简便可靠,可用于达原饮中槟榔生物碱的含量测定及质量控制。

槟榔体胚发生途径的组织培养技术研究

以槟榔品种热研1号为研究对象,分别以成熟合子胚、一年生种苗茎尖和无菌苗幼根为外植体,研究了不同浓度的植物激素对愈伤诱导、体胚诱导、再生芽萌发及生根的影响,最终获得槟榔组培苗。结果表明:在愈伤诱导阶段,2,4-D为120 mg/L时,茎尖、合子胚、幼根的愈伤诱导率均最高,分别为83.34%,53.34%和10.00%;在体胚诱导阶段,6-BA为50 mg/L时,体胚萌发率最高,为73.33%;在再生芽萌发及生根阶段,NAA为1 mg/L时,体胚萌发率和成苗率最高,分别为83.33%和73.33%。本研究初步建立了槟榔组织培养技术体系,为后续槟榔的组培快繁和遗传转化提供技术支持。

亲水作用色谱法测定达原饮中槟榔生物碱的含量

采用亲水作用色谱法(HILIC)测定达原饮中槟榔生物碱的含量,4种槟榔生物碱分离度良好,各组分在浓度范围内线性关系良好,加标回收率(n=9)98.77%~102.87%,RSD值均小于2.0%。经过样品测试,达原饮药液中去甲槟榔碱含量为0.0209 mg•mL^(-1),槟榔碱含量为0.0679 mg•mL^(-1),去甲槟榔次碱含量为0.0545 mg•mL^(-1),槟榔次碱含量为0.0269 mg•mL^(-1)。该检测方法简便、准确、灵敏、重复性好,可用于测定达原饮中槟榔生物碱的含量。

槟榔种质资源离体繁殖体系研究

【目的】建立槟榔离体繁殖技术体系,为保护和保存槟榔优良种质资源及资源创新利用提供技术支撑。【方法】以成熟健康的槟榔果实为材料,探索不同消毒时间、不同激素浓度的MS培养基对芽的诱导、增殖和生根的影响。【结果】将成熟健康的槟榔果实浸泡在100 mg/L IAA 24 h后,去皮取种子置于0.1%HgCl_(2)浸泡10 min消毒效果最佳,污染率为10%,萌芽率达94.75%;槟榔芽诱导最优激素组合培养基为MS+3.00 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,萌芽率最高达95.67%;将出芽材料转接于MS+1.0 mg/L NAA培养基中诱导生根,生根率和生根数分别达95.33%和7.33条。【结论】建立的槟榔种质资源离体繁殖技术操作性强、可行性高,为槟榔离体资源库的建立与开发利用及可持续发展奠定了基础。

低场核磁共振技术在槟榔水分测定中的应用

为了准确和高效评估槟榔的新鲜程度,利用低场核磁共振技术对干燥过程中的槟榔进行成像及驰豫时间(T_(2))采集,研究槟榔干燥过程中水分迁移及水分状态变化规律,建立一种快速无损检测槟榔含水率的方法。结果表明,槟榔鲜果中共存在三种水分状态:自由水、不易流动水和结合水,而自由水占比90%以上。在干燥过程中,自由水含量快速降低,结合水含量占比逐渐上升,槟榔水分含量与驰豫时间(T_(2))反演谱图总峰面积呈显著正相关,拟合方程为y=164.9x+62.686(R^(2)=0.9969);槟榔水分含量与衰减曲线首峰点值呈显著正相关,拟合方程为y=165.58x+19.892(R^(2)=0.9979)。经过验证模型,槟榔含水率在20%以上时,真值与拟合值相对误差控制在5%以内,可用低场核磁共振技术对槟榔含水率进行快速无损检测。