Long-term effects of mowing on plasticity and allometry of Leymus chinensis in a temperate semi-arid grassland,China

Mowing is an important land management practice for natural semi-arid regions. A growing body of empirical evidence shows that different mowing regimes affect the functioning of grassland ecosystems. However, the responses of plant functional traits to long-term mowing and their allometric scaling under long-term mowing are poorly understood. For a better understanding of the effects of mowing on grassland ecosystems, we analyzed the allometric traits of leaves and stems of Leymus chinensis （Trin.） Tzvel., a dominant grass species in eastern Eurasian temperate grassland, at different mowing intensities （no clipping, clipping once every two years, once a year and twice a year）. Experiments were conducted on plots established over a decade ago in a typical steppe of Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia, China. Results showed that most of the functional traits of L. chinensis decreased with the increased mowing intensity. The responses of leaves and stems to long-term mowing were asymmetric, in which leaf traits were more stable than stem traits. Also significant allometric relationships were found among most of the plant functional traits under the four mowing treatments. Sensitive traits of L. chinensis （e.g. leaf length and stem length） were primary indicators associated with aboveground biomass decline under high mowing intensity. In conclusion, the allometric growth of different functional traits of L. chinensis varies with different long-term mowing practices, which is likely to be a strategy used by the plant to adapt to the mowing disturbances.

Effects of Grazing Exclusion on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Storage in Semi-arid Grassland in Inner Mongolia, China

The semi-arid grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China have been degraded by long-term grazing. A series of ecological restoration strategies have been implemented to improve grassland service. However, little is known about the effect of these ecological restoration practices on soil carbon and nitrogen storage. In this study, characteristics of vegetation and soil properties under continued grazing and exclusion of livestock for six years due to a nationwide conservation program—′Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands(RGLG)′ were examined in semi-arid Hulun Buir grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. The results show that removal of grazing for six years resulted in a significant recovery in vegetation with higher above and below-ground biomass, but a lower soil bulk density and pH value. After six years of grazing exclusion, soil organic C and total N storage increased by 13.9% and 17.1%, respectively, which could be partly explained by decreased loss and increased input of C and N to soil. The effects of grazing exclusion on soil C and N concentration and storage primarily occurred in the upper soil depths. The results indicate that removal of grazing pressure within the RGLG program was an effective restoration approach to control grassland degradation in this region. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the RGLG program and to improve the management strategies for grassland restoration in this area.

Effects of spring fire and slope on the aboveground biomass, and organic C and N dynamics in a semi-arid grassland of northern China

The aboveground primary production is a major source of carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) pool and plays an important role in regulating the response of ecosystem and nutrient cycling to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. To explore the mechanisms underlying the effect of spring fire and topography on the aboveground biomass(AGB) and the soil C and N pool, we conducted a field experiment between April 2014 and August 2016 in a semi-arid grassland of northern China to examine the effects of slope and spring fire, and their potential interactions on the AGB and organic C and total N contents in different plant functional groups(C_3 grasses, C_4 grasses, forbs, Artemisia frigida plants, total grasses and total plants).The dynamics of AGB and the contents of organic C and N in the plants were examined in the burned and unburned plots on different slope positions(upper and lower). There were differences in the total AGB of all plants between the two slope positions. The AGB of grasses was higher on the lower slope than on the upper slope in July. On the lower slope, spring fire marginally or significantly increased the AGB of C_3 grasses, forbs, total grasses and total plants in June and August, but decreased the AGB of C_4 grasses and A.frigida plants from June to August. On the upper slope, however, spring fire significantly increased the AGB of forbs in June, the AGB of C_3 grasses and total grasses in July, and the AGB of forbs and C_4 grasses in August. Spring fire exhibited no significant effect on the total AGB of all plants on the lower and upper slopes in 2014 and 2015. In 2016, the total AGB in the burned plots showed a decreasing trend after fire burning compared with the unburned plots. The different plant functional groups had different responses to slope positions in terms of organic C and N contents in the plants. The lower and upper slopes differed with respect to the organic C and N contents of C_3 grasses, C_4 grasses, total grasses, forbs, A. frigida plants and total plants in different growing months. Slope position and spring fire significantly interacted to affect the AGB and organic C and N contents of C_4 grasses and A. frigida plants. We observed the AGB and organic C and N contents in the plants in a temporal synchronized pattern. Spring fire affected the functional AGB on different slope positions, likely by altering the organic C and N contents and, therefore,it is an important process for C and N cycling in the semi-arid natural grasslands. The findings of this study would facilitate the simulation of ecosystem C and N cycling in the semi-arid grasslands in northern China.

AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR AN ECO-CLIMATIC ZONATION AND ITS APPLICATION AS ZONES IN ARID GRASSLANDS,SEMIDESERTS AND DESERTS

The method was developed for a Range Management Handbook of Kenya and the pre-liminary results published 1991. Now it is improved to a stage ready for international discus-sion.1. Main moisture Zones are defined by a specified sum of monthly moistureindices:

Application of Self-pressure Sprinkler Irrigation Technology to Grassland Vegetation Restoration in Alpine Arid Areas

To study the application of self-pressure sprinkler irrigation technology to vegetation restoration of grassland in alpine arid areas,three treatments including fenced grassland(FG),fencedirrigated grassland(FA),and free grazing grassland(CK) were compared in respect of primary productivity.The results showed that the community coverage of FA was only 35.96% higher than that of FG and 152.69% higher than that of CK;the plant height of FA was only 76.71% higher than that of FG and 155.77% higher than that of CK;the productivity of the community in FA was only 24.10% higher than that of FG and 110.00% higher than that of CK.It indicates that the self-pressure sprinkler irrigation technology has certain demonstration and promotion potential in vegetation restoration of grassland in alpine regions and can provide a new way for the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry in Tibet.

How to Build Artificial Grassland in the Cold and Semi-Arid Regions? ——A Case Study in Naqu

Construction of artificial grassland is a key factor to solve the shortage of grass and forage balance in cold and semi-arid areas of high plateau,and it is the key measure to ensure the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry in this area. At present,the artificial grassland construction is neither reasonable nor scientific,which restricts the healthy and rapid development of artificial grassland in the cold and semi-arid areas of high plateau. In this research,with Naqu Area in Tibet as a case,problems and current status in construction process of artificial grassland are analyzed in cold and semi-arid areas of high plateau. Suitable artificial forage species in Nagqu are elaborated,and recommendations for the construction and development of artificial grassland are discussed.

Simulation of soil erosion dynamics in grassland ecosystem of semi-arid China using the CENTURY model

Soil erosion can cause considerable effect on global natural resources and eco-environment. In the paper, the CENTURY model has been used to simulate soil erosion in Xilin Gol Grassland of Inner Mongolia. The results showed before the 1960s, the soil erosion amount was over 2 kg /m2.a in grassland ecosystem in the study area because no trees had been planted. But after the 1960s the mean annual accumulator C lost from soil organic matter due to soil erosion was only 0.3 kg /m2.a in forest ecosystem. So afforestation has exerted notable effect on decreasing soil erosion amount in Xilin Gol Grassland.

基于Meta分析的围栏封育和人工植被建设对北方风沙区植物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量的影响

围栏封育和人工植被建设作为两种有效的退化草地生态系统恢复措施,在中国北方风沙区的草地管理中被广泛应用。为明确中国北方风沙区内生态恢复措施对植物-土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征的影响,本文选取了52篇相关文献进行Meta分析,通过亚组分析探讨退化草地采取两种恢复措施(围栏封育和人工植被建设)不同年限(≤5年、5~15年、>15年)后植物-土壤C、N、P化学计量的变化。结果表明:1)围封与人工植被建设均可显著增加土壤有机C、全N和全P含量(P<0.05),各元素含量的增加幅度随着土层加深而降低;围封恢复后植物群落叶片和根系全C含量分别显著增加3.26%和4.72%(P<0.05),叶片全N和全P含量分别显著降低18.41%和44.54%(P<0.05);2)两种措施相比,3种恢复年限尤其是恢复年限>15年时,人工植被建设后土壤有机C含量、全N含量增加幅度更大,说明人工植被建设对土壤的恢复效果更好;3)长期围封(>15年)下C꞉N显著增大38.97%(P<0.05),说明围封措施可能引起土壤中N元素缺乏加剧;人工植被建设后期表层土壤C꞉P和N꞉P分别显著增大116.78%和89.04%(P<0.05),说明人工植被建设可能引起土壤中P元素缺乏。两种恢复措施均能提高土壤质量,但土壤恢复前初始有机C含量低,C元素增长率高于N、P元素增长率,在长期围封与人工植被建设后期分别出现土壤中的N、P元素缺乏,需要向土壤中补充N、P元素,进一步促进退化草地的恢复。

内蒙古典型草原2010~2021年黑碳气溶胶浓度变化及影响因素分析

分析了2010~2021年内蒙古锡林浩特国家气候观象台大气成分观测站黑碳气溶胶浓度观测数据,阐明了黑碳气溶胶浓度时间变化规律,并初步讨论了其与气象要素的关系,以期为大气黑碳气溶胶污染防治工作提供科学依据.结果表明:不同季节、不同风速下,几乎均在南偏西风向时黑碳气溶胶浓度增大且最高,而在东北风向时其浓度几乎不变甚至略减少且最低;黑碳气溶胶浓度日变化整体呈现出明显的四季均为“单峰型”变化特征,冬季峰值出现时间较其他三个季节晚,四季谷值出现时间一致;季节变化总体上呈现出浓度及其标准差均为秋冬季高于春夏季的特征,说明观测点黑碳气溶胶浓度在高值期间的秋冬季,其变化幅度也较大;由于能源结构的改变及节能减排措施的成效,近10年观测点黑碳气溶胶浓度呈明显下降趋势,其变化与气温、降水呈极显著负相关,与相对湿度呈极显著正相关.

中国干旱区草地土壤盐渍化研究可视化分析

基于WOS核心合集和中国知网(CNKI)数据库文献,借助文献可视化分析方法,对我国1984—2021年干旱区草地土壤盐渍化研究进行综合分析,得到以下结果。(1)近40年我国干旱区草地土壤盐渍化研究相关文献发文量由1~2篇/年增加到80篇/年以上,文献数量变化历经缓慢增长、波动增长和跳跃性增长三个阶段,中国科学院和新疆大学团队是该领域的研究主力。(2)研究内容主要为干旱区草地土壤盐渍化现状及其时空动态监测、盐渍化成因分析、草地土壤盐渍化的防治与修复,以及其生态环境效应等方面。早期研究主要集中在松嫩平原、河西走廊、新疆绿洲等地,21世纪以来研究重点逐渐转移到内蒙古自治区。(3)20世纪80年代主要关注草地土壤盐渍化的成因,21世纪初转向盐渍化草地时空动态监测及其生态环境效应分析,近年来重点转为草地土壤盐渍化的生态修复研究。在我国大力推行生态文明建设的背景下,治理和改善盐渍化草地不仅是确保粮食安全的有效措施,也是巩固我国北方生态安全屏障建设的有效途径之一。因此,干旱区草地盐渍化土壤的精准监测及预测方法、盐渍化草地高效治理方法的研究是干旱区草地土壤盐渍化的主要趋势。

CO_2,CH_4 and N_2O flux changes in degraded grassland soil of Inner Mongolia,China

The main purpose of this study was to explore the dynamic changes of greenhouse gas（GHG）from grasslands under different degradation levels during the growing seasons of Inner Mongolia, China.Grassland degradation is associated with the dynamics of GHG fluxes, e.g., CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes. As one of the global ecological environmental problems, grassland degradation has changed the vegetation productivity as well as the accumulation and decomposition rates of soil organic matter and thus will influence the carbon and nitrogen cycles of ecosystems, which will affect the GHG fluxes between grassland ecosystems and the atmosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how the exchanges of CO2,CH4 and N2O fluxes between soil and atmosphere are influenced by the grassland degradation. We measured the fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O in lightly degraded, moderately degraded and severely degraded grasslands in Inner Mongolia of China during the growing seasons from July to September in 2013 and 2014. The typical semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia plays a role as the source of atmospheric CO2 and N2O and the sink for CH4. Compared with CO2 fluxes, N2O and CH4 fluxes were relatively low. The exchange of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes between the grassland soil and the atmosphere may exclusively depend on the net exchange rate of CO2 in semi-arid grasslands. The greenhouse gases showed a clear seasonal pattern, with the CO2 fluxes of –33.63–386.36 mg/（m·h）, CH4 uptake fluxes of 0.113–0.023 mg/（m·h） and N2O fluxes of –1.68–19.90 μg/（m·h）. Grassland degradation significantly influenced CH4 uptake but had no significant influence on CO2 and N2O emissions. Soil moisture and temperature were positively correlated with CO2 emissions but had no significant effect on N2O fluxes.Soil moisture may be the primary driving factor for CH4 uptake. The research results can be in help to better understand the impact of grassland degradation on the ecological environment.

Effects of fencing on vegetation and soil restoration in a degraded alkaline grassland in northeast China

In order to restore a degraded alkaline grassland, the local government implemented a large restoration project using fences in Changling county, Jilin province, China, in 2000. Grazing was excluded from the protected area, whereas the grazed area was continuously grazed at 8.5 dry sheep equivalent（DSE）/hm2. In the current research, soil and plant samples were taken from grazed and fenced areas to examine changes in vegetation and soil properties in 2005, 2006 and 2008. Results showed that vegetation characteristics and soil properties improved significantly in the fenced area compared with the grazed area. In the protected area the vegetation cover, height and above- and belowground biomass increased significantly. Soil pH, electrical conductivity and bulk density decreased significantly, but soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentration increased greatly in the protected area. By comparing the vegetation and soil characteristics with pre-degraded grassland, we found that vegetation can recover 6 years after fencing, and soil pH can be restored 8 years after fencing. However, the restoration of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations needed 16, 30 and 19 years, respectively. It is recommended that the stocking rate should be reduced to 1/3 of the current carrying capacity, or that a grazing regime of 1-year of grazing followed by a 2-year rest is adopted to sustain the current status of vegetation and soil resources. However, if N fertilizer is applied, the rest period could be shortened, depending on the rate of application.

Litter decomposition and C and N dynamics as affected by N additions in a semi-arid temperate steppe, Inner Mongolia of China

Litter decomposition is the fundamental process in nutrient cycling and soil carbon（C） sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. The global-wide increase in nitrogen（N） inputs is expected to alter litter decomposition and,ultimately, affect ecosystem C storage and nutrient status. Temperate grassland ecosystems in China are usually N-deficient and particularly sensitive to the changes in exogenous N additions. In this paper, we conducted a 1,200-day in situ experiment in a typical semi-arid temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia to investigate the litter decomposition as well as the dynamics of litter C and N concentrations under three N addition levels（low N with 50 kg N/（hm2？a）（LN）, medium N with 100 kg N/（hm2？a）（MN）, and high N with 200 kg N/（hm2？a）（HN）） and three N addition forms（ammonium-N-based with 100 kg N/（hm2？a） as ammonium sulfate（AS）, nitrate-N-based with 100 kg N/（hm2？a） as sodium nitrate（SN）, and mixed-N-based with 100 kg N/（hm2？a） as calcium ammonium nitrate（CAN）） compared to control with no N addition（CK）. The results indicated that the litter mass remaining in all N treatments exhibited a similar decomposition pattern： fast decomposition within the initial 120 days, followed by a relatively slow decomposition in the remaining observation period（120–1,200 days）. The decomposition pattern in each treatment was fitted well in two split-phase models, namely, a single exponential decay model in phase I（〈398 days） and a linear decay function in phase II（≥398 days）. The three N addition levels exerted insignificant effects on litter decomposition in the early stages（〈398 days, phase I; P〉0.05）. However, MN and HN treatments inhibited litter mass loss after 398 and 746 days, respectively（P〈0.05）. AS and SN treatments exerted similar effects on litter mass remaining during the entire decomposition period（P〉0.05）. The effects of these two N addition forms differed greatly from those of CAN after 746 and 1,053 days, respectively（P〈0.05）. During the decomposition period, N concentrations in the decomposing litter increased whereas C concentrations decreased, which also led to an exponential decrease in litter C：N ratios in all treatments. No significant effects were induced by N addition levels and forms on litter C and N concentrations（P〉0.05）. Our results indicated that exogenous N additions could exhibit neutral or inhibitory effects on litter decomposition, and the inhibitory effects of N additions on litter decomposition in the final decay stages are not caused by the changes in the chemical qualities of the litter, such as endogenous N and C concentrations. These results will provide an important data basis for the simulation and prediction of C cycle processes in future N-deposition scenarios.

寒冷半干旱草原景观大比例尺微沟系测量样品粒级试验——以锲墨格山锂铍稀有矿为例

青海省天峻县锲墨格山地区属寒冷半干旱草原景观,地表发育宽300~500 m、断续延伸达7 km的伟晶岩带。目前勘查工作已发现了锲墨格山锂铍稀有矿,为了能够在后续同类景观区稀有稀土找矿中提供可靠的地球化学依据,本文在锲墨格山地区开展了大比例尺微沟系地球化学测量技术方法的样品粒级试验和有效性研究。本次通过1∶2.5万地球化学测量,选取-4~+20目、-4~+40目、-10~+40目和-10~+60目采样截取粒级,在伟晶岩脉发育地段进行试验研究,分析Cu、W、Sn、Be、Li、Nb、Rb、Zr、La、Y元素含量。结果显示,Be、Li、Nb、Rb、Zr稀有元素选取-4~+40目和-10~+40目采样截取粒级,La、Y等稀土元素选择-10~+40目采样截取粒级,Cu、W、Sn等有色金属元素选择-10~+60目采样截取粒级时,元素富集离散特征更明显,地球化学分布与地质矿产特征吻合度更高,证明该技术方法可以在同类景观区稀有稀土找矿工作中获得显著的地球化学找矿效果。

Changes in aggregate-associated organic carbon and nitrogen after 27 years of fertilization in a dryland alfalfa grassland on the Loess Plateau of China

Changes in the distribution of soil aggregate sizes and concentrations of aggregate-associated organic carbon （OC） and nitrogen （N） in response to the fertilization of grasslands are not well understood. Understanding these changes is essential to the sustainable development of artificial grasslands. For understanding these changes, we collected soil samples at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths from a semi-arid artificial alfalfa grassland after 27 years of applications of phosphorus （P） and nitrogen＋phosphorus＋manure （NPM） fertilizers on the Loess Pla- teau of China. The distribution of aggregate sizes and the concentrations and stocks of OC and N in total soils were determined. The results showed that NPM treatment significantly increased the proportions of 〉2.0 mm and 2.0-0.25 mm size fractions, the mean geometric diameter （MGD） and the mean weight diameter （MWD） in the 0-20 cm layer. Phosphorous fertilizer significantly increased the proportion of 〉2.0 mm size fractions, the MGD and the MWD in the 0-20 cm layer. Long-term application of fertilization （P and NPM） resulted in the accumulation of OC and N in soil aggregates. The largest changes in aggregate-associated OC and N in the 0-20 cm layer were found at the NPM treatment, whereas the largest changes in the 20-40 cm layer were found at the P treatment. The results suggest that long-term fertilization in the grassland leads to the accumulation of OC and N in the coarse size fractions and the redistribution of OC and N from fine size fractions to coarse size fractions.

Determinants and rates of land degradation： Application of stationary time-series model to data from a semi-arid environment in Kenya

The causes of land degradation in the African drylands have been shown to vary. Some researchers consider climate to be the major contributor to degradation, with anthropogenic factors playing a minor role. Others reverse the significance of these two factors. A third group attributes land degradation to climate and anthropogenic factors equally. This study was undertaken to establish the factors influencing land degradation in a semi-arid environment in southeastern Kenya and the rate of change in vegetation types for a period of 35 years （1973-2007）. The reduction in grassland cover was used as an indicator of land degradation. Causes of land degradation were determined by a multiple regression analysis. A log-linear regression analysis was used to establish the rate of vegetation change. The multiple and log-linear regression analyses showed： （1） woody vegetation, livestock population and cultivated area to be the main contributors of reduction in grassland cover in the area, and （2） an increase in undesirable woody species, livestock population and cultivated area had a significant （P〈0.05） negative effect on grassland vegetation. Increased human population, low amounts of rainfall and drought showed no significant negative effect on grassland vegetation cover. In conclusion, human and livestock population growth and increased agricultural land have contributed to intensive crop cultivation and overgrazing in the semi-arid lands. This overuse of the semi-arid rangelands has worsened the deterioration of the natural grassland vegetation.

西北干旱荒漠地区退耕还林还草工程综合效益评价

为对西北干旱荒漠地区新一轮退耕还林还草工程的实施提供科学指导,以吐鲁番市为研究区域,建立包含表征该区域特点的15个指标的综合效益评价指标体系,基于云模型与变异系数法组合确定指标权重,运用比重法无量纲化指标数据,采用加成综合法进行退耕工程综合效益评价分析,并通过灰色系统预测模型GM(1,1)对2021—2025年生态效益、经济效益、社会效益和政策响应指数进行了预测。结果表明:(1)在2004—2019年,综合效益指数逐年提高,新一轮退耕提升幅度是前一轮的两倍。(2)森林覆盖率提高、水土流失治理面积扩大、农民人均纯收入增加和人均林业产值增加,是生态效益和经济效益提高的主要因素。(3)退耕工程的实施促使产业结构和就业结构呈良性发展趋势。退耕所涉农户再退耕意愿的提升巩固了退耕成果,使其具有长效性。(4) 2021—2025年的生态效益、经济效益、社会效益和政策响应指数预测值均呈上升趋势,且经济效益指数>政策响应指数>生态效益指数>社会效益指数。依据预测结果,西北干旱荒漠地区在新一轮退耕工程的实施中应以生态建设为重点,加强生态补偿和乡村振兴战略的有效衔接,促进农业转移人口市民化,实现生态、经济、社会和政策响应间的协调发展。

小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)灌丛对草本群落特征的影响

基于干旱、半干旱草原灌丛化现象的发展,探究灌木与草本之间的关系对深刻理解灌丛化对草原植物群落特征的影响机制具有重要意义。然而,很少有研究考虑草地类型和灌丛斑块大小对灌木和草本植物之间关系的影响。在内蒙古典型草原和荒漠草原的自由放牧草地上选择了18个小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化样地进行野外采样,并调查了不同大小灌丛和周围草地的植物群落特征。运用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)和最小显著差异法(LSD)来检验不同大小灌丛斑块内外的植被群落特征(高度、密度、地上生物量、凋落物量)和植物多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、丰富度指数、群落Sprensen相似性系数)的差异性。结果表明:(1)与草地相比,两种草原类型的灌丛产生、捕获了更多的凋落物,灌丛的保育作用显著提高了斑块内草本植物的高度,但灌丛占用了生存空间和资源,从而降低了斑块内草本植物的密度和地上生物量。(2)灌丛对多年生草本植物的地上生物量有明显的抑制作用,但对两种草原类型的一、二年生草本植物没有显著影响(典型草原中的小灌丛除外)。(3)两种草原类型的灌丛对草本植物多样性的影响存在差异。典型草原灌丛内多样性指数和丰富度指数低于灌丛外,均匀度指数无显著变化,灌丛斑块增大对草本植物物种丰富度产生了负面影响;在资源相对匮乏的荒漠草原区,灌丛并没有改变草本植物多样性指数,但降低了草本植物物种丰富度,并且大灌丛斑块内草本植物的均匀度指数降低。(4)灌丛与草地斑块的群落相似性随灌丛斑块增大呈指数下降趋势,小灌丛斑块和草地斑块之间的群落相似性在两种草原类型中最高。本研究表明灌丛对草本植物既有保育作用,又存在竞争作用,同时这些作用受到草地类型和斑块大小的影响。这对预测和调控灌丛侵占草地植物群落的动态具有重要意义,为草地的优化管理提供了依据。

基于模拟优化模型的干旱风沙草原区水-粮食-能源关系

定量分析干旱风沙草原区水-粮食-能源(WFE)关系,可为制定草原区生产、经济和生态环境等政策提供科学的支持.采用基于Python语言的MODFLOW模型——FloPy,在考虑研究区牧草产量和灌溉能源消耗的基础上,构建了一个紧密耦合干旱风沙草原区WFE系统理想案例的多目标模拟优化模型,并使用多目标优化工具Pymoo框架下的NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行了求解.结果表明:所构建的模拟优化模型可以定量计算干旱风沙草原区的WFE关系,Pymoo提供的NSGA-Ⅱ算法在WFE关系多目标优化中具有较好的搜索效率与稳定性;使用权重wx对设定的6种方案进行对比分析,一般年(方案1—3)与干旱年(方案4—6)的地下水水位差最大值分别为1.15,1.43,1.34,0.96,1.26,1.15 m;一般年和干旱年灌溉水量最大可减少136.90%和134.37%,作物产量增加18.60%和18.31%,节省能源26.94%和27.89%.

2012-2020年内蒙古半干旱草原碳水通量关键参数观测数据集——基于长期降水格局控制实验

增温导致全球降水格局发生显著变化,这将显著影响我国北方半干旱草原植被生长和生态系统功能。碳水通量作为生态系统功能的关键过程,决定了生态系统的碳固持能力与资源利用策略。因此,明确生态系统碳水通量对降水格局变化的响应及其控制因子,有助于评估气候变化背景下我国草原生态系统碳汇功能的变化。但是,目前关于草原生态系统碳水过程对降水格局变化响应方面尚缺乏长期的控制实验研究与观测数据。本研究基于内蒙古锡林郭勒草原长期降水格局控制实验(包括7个降水量与降水频度变化处理),采用静态箱式法,通过红外气体分析仪进行测定,对2012–2020年生态系统碳水通量交换关键过程季节动态长期观测数据进行了整理与质量控制。本数据集主要包括气象环境数据(降水量、大气温度、土壤水分含量和土壤温度等)和碳水通量数据(生态系统总初级生产力、生态系统呼吸、生态系统净碳交换量、生态系统蒸散、碳利用效率和水分利用效率)两部分。初步结果表明,干旱显著降低碳水通量,但增水对其影响不显著;所有通量相关指标在停止处理后第一年就恢复至对照水平。本数据集的发布将为进一步加深我国草原生态系统碳水循环及其耦合过程对降水格局变化响应的研究与机制理解提供重要数据基础。